
Class <('/ 

Book. i 

Cojyright'N 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSflV 



[abridged edition.] 



World Book of Temperance 

TEMPERANCE LESSONS 

BIBLICAL HISTORICAL SCIENTIFIC 




"LIBERTY" DARKENING THE WORLD. 

With apologies to Ba.rtholdi, the designer of the famous statue at the entrance of New York 
» Harbor. 

BY DR. AND MRS. WILBUR F. CRAFTS, 
Teachers of New York Christian Herald Million Bible Class 



THE INTERNATIONAL REFORM BUREAU. :!0G PENNSYLVANIA A.VH., S. H., WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Advance orders, up to Jan. 1, 1909, paper 10c; cloth. 25 cents (1 shilling), 
postpaid to any land. After date named, paper. 35c., cloth, 75c, 



LIBRARY of CONGRESS 

Two Copies Rt-reived 

noy 3 isoa 



Copyright entry 

CLASS Ofc- XXc, No, 

COPY 3, 



< 



Jesus Christ: To this end was the Son of God manifested that He might destroy 
the works of the devil. 

Mrs. Mary H. Hunt: The star of hope of the temperance reform is over the 
schoolhouse. 

International Sunday-school Convention, Louisville, Ky., U. S. A., 1908: We 
rejoice that the Sunday-school host has had so vital a share in abolishing the accursed 
traffic [in many States and towns] by faithful education of the coming generation in 
Christian principles, and in economic fact seen in the light of those principles. We desire 
to urge upon Sunday-schools everywhere a consciousness of the strategic position that 
the Sunday-school holds in this campaign, and to commend to all such schools the most 
careful and thorough teaching of the Quarterly Temperance Lessons, and co-operation 
with other agencies in establishing habits of total abstinence and abolishing the liquor 
traffic. 

Ex- Senator Henry W. Blair, U. S. : The temperance movement must include all 
poisonous substances which create or excite unnatural appetite, and international prohi- 
bition is the goal. 

Clinton N. Howard, Rochester, U. S. A., in address to Preachers' Meeting there, 
1908: A religion that leaves the saloon undisturbed, unattacked, is not worthy to be 
called after the name of Jesus Christ. This ethical wave against the saloon has come 
like a hurricane upon the deck of a pirate ship. There is but one explanation; Jesus 
Christ is walking across the American Continent; every, place His holy, foot is lifted 
leaves a dry spot. And its meaning is the liquor traffic must and shall be destroyed. In 
the name of Jesus Christ the King, the saloon must die. 



Copyright, 1908, "Wilbur F. Crafts, but free permission granted to republish, with due credit, 

separate chapters and extracts. 



PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. 

The authors of this book have been leaders for forty years both in tem- 
perance work and Sunday-school work, and so* are qualified to prepare a book 
that brings these two interests together. For nine years they have been 
teaching the "Christian Herald" Million Bible Class, which is the largest 
Sunday-school class in the world. Previously they had been regular lesson 
writers in "The Sunday-school Times" and other periodicals. 

Mrs. Crafts is the Sunday-school Superintendent of the World's Woman's 
Christian Temperance Union, and it is her special mission to promote the 
teaching of the Quarterly Temperance Lessons all over the world. This book 
is, therefore, directly in the line of her official duties, though it has been pre- 
pared for a wider constituency, including colleges and public, schools, and 
civic clubs of many kinds. 

Dr. Crafts has been a temperance lecturer since 1867, when he made his 
first temperance address as a youth in college. He has long been connected 
with the leading temperance societies. He was the founder and is now the 
Superintendent of The International Reform Bureau, which promotes tem- 
perance and other reforms in many lands, and has taken a part second to 
none in the recent anti-opium victories in three continents. He is the author 
of six temperance bills that have passed Congress, and of several successful 
books on moral and social reform. 

This book has been prepared as a labor of love, and all that is received 
by the sale of it is to be put into its improvement and free circulation in all 
parts of the world. 

The first abridged edition of this book is issued in haste to furnish ammu- 
nition for World's Temperance Sunday, which it is hoped will be enlarged 
into a World's Temperance Week— the temperance lesson being supplemented 
by a temperance sermon, a prayer meeting conference on the same problem, 
and a civic revival in which the moral forces of a whole town or city will 
use the same continuity of meetings for social regeneration as has been so 
long and effectively used for individual conversions. 

It is hoped that later editions of this book may be expanded to 400 pages, 
without increasing the price. This will be accomplished if the circulation is 
large enough to provide for the extra cost. 



TEMPERANCE IN SUNDAY SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 



Dr. Joseph Cook, LL.D., in Boston 
Monday Lecture, March 10, 1879: 

The most effective international so- 
ciety of our time is the Sabbath- school. 
* * * The international Sabbath- 
school lessons are weaving nations in- 
to unity, and creating a spirit which 




Dr. Joseph Cook, LL.D. 

practically makes one body of all 
evangelical denominations. What I 
want is the word regeneration uttered 
early as the commencement of tem- 
perance reform,, and uttered by the 
international power of the Church, so 
that the whisper of science on this 
theme may be heard around the globe. 
There are many ways of grasping a 
vine on a trellis-work. You may seize 
the tendril here, or the grape-cluster 
there ; but your better way is to lay 
hold of the vine by the trunk near the 
earth, if you would secure at once all 
its branches. There are three great 
words in the temperance reform: 
legislation, abstinence, regeneration. 
If I understand the theme at all, only 
he has hold of the trunk of the vine 
of reform zvho seizes upon personal 
regeneration as his central idea, The 



church which does most for the child 
will have most influence zvith the 
family. Seize upon any corner of the 
web of society and draw it out of its 
tangles, and you will ultimately draw 
out of tangles every part of the web 
of the world. But the corner from 
which the tangles unravel the most 
easily we call the child. The Sabbath 
school is the grappling-hook between 
the loyal under the Supreme Theoc- 
racy and the disloyal. * * * Show 
the children Sinai; shozv the children 
both the revealed and the natural 
divine laws; show the children Cal- 
vary; let them bozv down in total 
self-surrender before God, as both 
Redeemer and Lord; and, zvith their 
hands locked internationally as now, 
He zvill bring the whole planet out of 
* * * intemperance, out of sen- 
suality, and so near His own heart 
that the beating of His pulses will 
become the marching-song of the 
ao;es.' } 



Mrs. Edith Smith Davis, A.M.. 
Litt.D., Director of the Bureau of 
Scientific Temperance Investigation, 
and Superintendent of the Depart- 
ment of Scientific Instruction of the 
World's Woman's Christian Tem- 
perance Union, writing of the public 
schools : 

"The child must be protected in his 
physical development by the knowl- 
edge of the truth concerning alcohol. 
He must know that it inflames the 
stomach, hardens the brain tissues, 
weakens the blood vessels, impov- 
erishes the blood, retards the elimina- 
tion of zvaste matter, dims the eye, 
dulls the hearing, and creates throat, 
lung, kidney and liver diseases. These 
truths must be given simply, con- 
tinuously and pedagogically." 



AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION. 



"The Son of God was manifested that 
He might destroy the works of the devil. 
The Church was organized that it might 
be thp successor of Christ. Can any one 
imagine the works of the devil destroyed 
while the liquor habit and the liquor traf- 
fic remain? And will any one claim that 
the churches generally have made efforts 
to "destroy" these supreme ^evils # propor- 
tionate to the efforts the Satanic forces 
have successfully made to perpetuate and 
extend them? The word of a quaint 
saint to a sleepy church is appropriate: 
"Tf you were as much in earnest as you 
ought to be you would work like the 
devil" 

The temperance organizations are only 
volunteer scouting parties, whose plucky 
skirmishes have delayed, but have not 
staved the onward march of intemperance 
and its allies. During the last half < cen- 
tury in which more temperance societies 
have been organized in the United States- 
than in all other countries and centuries 
the consumption of liquors has advanced 
every year, except during financial panics, 
until from four gallons per capita in 1844 
it was twenty-three in 1907. 

It ought by this time to be clear that 
nothing less than the main army of the 
Church of God can win decisive victories 
over these mighty enemies of God and 
man. It ought to be evident also that it 
is not enough to "get right with God. 
That is indeed "the first and great com- 
mandment." But "the second, said 
Christ, "is like unto the first '—like it 
in importance, and should receive like 
attention: Get right with men The first 
commandment puts us right with God per- 
sonally, but the second is needed to right 
the more complicated social relations ot 
men in business and politics and pleasure 
which can be done only by education and 
organization. 

The only general recognition of this 

SECOND HEMISPHERE OF SOCIAL ETHICS IN 
THE REGULAR SCHEDULES OF THE CHURCHES 
OF THE WORLD IS THE QUARTERLY TEMPER- 
ANCE Lesson. It has won four places in 
the church year, not by the votes of eccle- 
siastical bodies, but by the votes, of the 
International Sunday-school Association 

In the far future, Dr. Frances E. Wil- 
lard, so long the leader of the Woman s 
Christian Temperance Union, will prob- 
ably be even more honored for introducing 



the Quarterly Temperance Lesson into the 
Sunday-schools, and so into the churches 
of the world. Earnest effort has been 
needed ever since, in which the authors of 
this book have led, to "hold the fort." 
Surely those good men who have taught 
these temperance lessons half heartedly, or 
have lightly proposed to surrender them, 
have not seen the great importance of these 




Frances E. Wil,lakd, LL.D. 

strategic positions by which social ethics, 
so long barred out of the regular church 
activities, has achieved at least standing 
room. 

One reason why temperance lessons have 
not been more appreciated is that many 
teachers assume that respectable children 
are in no danger; but they are — and in any 
case should be trained to fight what Christ 
came to "destroy." Another difficulty has 
been that most lesson writers and teachers 
have not had at hand, in compendious form, 
sane expositions and accurate statistics and 
timely illustrations to make temperance les- 
sons interesting and effective. 

This book is a modest effort to meet that 
want through lessons adapted for use in 
all continents, not in Sunday-schools alone, 
but in all other schools, and in out of 
school temperance education extension. 

Many of these lessons were first taught 
in our "Christian Herald" Million Bible 
Class, and we are indebted to its pro- 
prietor, Dr. Louis Klopsch, for permission 
to reprint these lessons, with their artistic 
illustrations. Much has been added, and 
all is fraternally submitted for worldwide 
use. 

Wilbur F. Crafts. 
Sara J. Crafts. 

Washington, D. C, Oct. 12, iqoS. 



SPECIAL INDEXES. 

(For Miscellaneous Topical Index, see page 127.) 



BIBLICAL INDEX, 



Abraham, 1 I, 3 2. 34. 
Acts, 35. 
Adam, 21. 
Amos, 87. 
Belshazzar, 88. 
CHRIST, 21, 32, 36. 52, 

56, 60, 94. 97, 102. 
Corinthians (1st), 17, 

113. 
Corinthians (2d), 33. 
Daniel, 34. 
David, 60. 
Deuteronomy, 32, 46. 



Ecclesiastes, 39, 43. 
Elijah, 39, 40. 
Ephesians, 108. 
Esau, 9. 

Exodus, 17, 35, 40, 97. 
Ezekiel, 31. 
Galatians, 117. 
Genesis, 9, 13. 
Habakkuk, 27, 34. 62, 

67, 91. 
Hosea, 34. 
Isaac, 12. 
Isaiah, 9, 31. 32, 34, 

62r 79, 87. 



Jacob, 9. 
Jeremiah, 39. 
Jonadab, 34. 
Judges. 47. 
John, 22, 35, 87. 
John the Baptist, 34. 
Kings (1st), 47. 
Leviticus. 24, 32. 
Lot. 13, 33, 42. 
Matthew, 35, 36. 
Moses, 34, 46, 62. 
Nadab and Abihu, 17, 

24, 34. 
Noah, 13, 15, 33, 64. 



Numbers. 17, 33-35. 
Paul, 17, 28, 34, 62,105. 
Peter, 34, 119. 
Proverbs, 30, 32, 35, 47, 

53, 69, 91. 
Psalms, 32, 35. 40, 55, 

60. 
Romans, 32, 70. 105, 

119. 
Samson, 17, 34. 
Samuel, 17, 34, 49. 
Solomon, 34, 62. 
Timothy (1st). 32. 34. 
John (1st), 2. 



HYGIENIC INDEX. 



ANALYSIS OP HYGIENIC POINTS. 

I. Water and fruits and milk, the natural, 
God-given drinks, the real "strong drink" of 
animals and athletes, 17, 23, 32 34, 37, 89. 

II. Alcohol a poison, 59, 104, 122. (1) 
Often adulterated with other poisons, 72; (2) 
as a beverage injurious to health, 59, 63, 69, 

70, 104 ; (3) a cause of general degeneracy. 77, 
111 ; (4) shortens life as shown by insurance, 
14, 21, 45 ; (5) promotes tuberculosis especially, 
76, 100, 122; (6) lessens resistance to disease, 
20, 96, 104; (7) causes many accidents, 71; 
(8) is not a food but impairs digestion, 23. 69, 
75, 104, 112 ; (9) is not a true stimulant, 35 ; 
36, 76, 109, 122; (10), does not strengthen but 
weakens, 23, 50, 77; (11) is therefore tabooed 
by athletes. 19, 36, 45, 49, 70, 80; (12) has a 
dulling effect on brain and nerves, 11, 14, 
104, 108; (13) which leads employees to 
require abstinence increasingly, 14, 30, 45, 46, 
49, 93 ; (14) has a marked effect in dimming 
physical as well as moral vision, 11, 50, 72, 
73, 94; (15) and influences the judgment un- 
favorably also and other mental qualities, 63, 

71, 78, 94, 104, 107; (16) even as a medicine 
is falling in favor, 34, 6 5, 74, 76. 

Scientific Authors Quoted. 
Atwater, Prof., 45, 70, Barr, James, 76. 

104. Bergman, Dr. Paul, 78. 

Bantock, Dr., 65. Berthelot, M., 104. 

Baer, Dr., 13. Biondi, Dr., 76. 



Scientific Authors 
Bowman, Dr., 65. 
Brunton. Dr., 65. 
Campo, Gonzalez, 75. 
Chase, Dr. R. I.. 76. 
Chittenden, Prof., 23, 

75. 
Corvisant. Dr., 23. 
Cushing, Dr., 93. 
Debove, Prof., 122. 
Demme, Prof., 77. 
Dickson. Dr., 65. 
Durig, Dr., 78. 
Forel, Prof., 13, 45, 77. 
Gamier, Dr.. 104. 
Haggard, Dr., 49. 
Hall, Dr. W. S., 37. 
Helsingfors, Prof., 78. 
Hericourt. Dr., 104. 
Hodge, Prof. C. P., 77. 
Janeway, Dr., 73. 
Kerr. Dr. Norman, 65. 
Knopf. S. A., 76. 
Laitinen, Prof., 76, 77. 
Lancereaux, Dr., 104. 
Legrain, Dr.. 104. 
MacNichol, Dr. T. A., 

77. 
Magnam, Dr., 104. 
Martins, Prof. F., 77. 



Quoted. — (Continued.) 
Mendel. Prof., 23. 75. 
Metchnikoff, Prof., 76, 

104. 
Parville, M. Henri, 23. 
Pierotti. Signor, 41. 
Rankin, Dr. Reg., 80. 
Reid, Dr., 76. 
Richardson, Dr. B. W., 

20, 65. 
Richet, C, 104. 
Rosenfield, Dr. G.. 76. 
Roux, M., 104. 
Rubin, Dr., 76. 
Rush. Dr. Benj., 75, 

115. 
Rybakow, Dr., 77. 
Smith, Dr. A., 78. 
Smith. Dr. H.. 65. 
Specht, Dr., 78. 
Thompson, Sir Henry, 

65. 
Treves, Sir F., 122. 
Von Bunge, Prof. G., 

77. 
Weiss, Dr.. 104. 
Wessel, Dr. A., 46. 
Wilson, Dr. P., 76. 
Wolff. Dr.. 41. 
Woodward, Dr. Sims. 

65. 



OTHER PERSONS QUOTED AND CITED. u 



Adams, John, 68. 
Addison. 83. 
Arnold, Thomas, 60. 
Artinan, Judge S. R., 95. 
Augustine, 62. 
Bacon, 68. 
Beecher, Dr., 32. 
Blair, H. W., 2, 24, 86, 117. 
Buddha, 62. 

Bulwer-Lytton, Sir E., 89. 
Burns, John, 14, 84. 
Burns. Robert, 88. 
Carnegie, Andrew, 102. 
Chesterfield, Lord, 68. 
Coleridge, Chief Jus- 
tice, 95. 
Coleridge, Hartley. 83. 
Cook, Joseph, 4, 53. 
Cowper, 68. 
Davis, Mrs. E. S., 4, 37. 
Daggett, Gen. A. S., 50. 
Dow, Neal, 114. 



Edison, T. A., 93. 
Farrar, 83. 
Fielding. 68. 
Garfield, 55. 
George, Henry, 30. 
Gladden, Washington, 92. 
Gladstone, 120. 
Goldsmith. 68. 
Greeley, Horace, 53, 54. 
Guido Reni, 16. 
iHanly, Gov. F. S., 60. 
Hill, Rowland, 68. 
Homer, 51, 62. 
Howard. C. N., 2. 
Howard, Gen. O. O., 51. 
Hunt, Mrs. M. H, 2. 
Jefferson, Thomas, 54. 
Kant, 68. 

Kitchener. Lord. 50. 
Kuroki, Gen., 84. 
Lamb, Charles. 83. 
Lincoln. 54, 55, 71. 83. 



Locke, 95. 
Luther, 62. 
McKinley, Wm., 54. 
Mansfield, Lord, 95. 
Miles, Gen. N. A„ 83. 
Milton, 68. 
Mohammed, 62. 
Nansen, 73. 115. 
Oyama, Marshal, 84. 
Pitt, Sir Wm., 83. 
Poe, E. A., 83. 
Pliny, 62. 
Plutarch, 62. 
Powderly, T. V.. 109. 
Prior, 68. 

Ray, Gen. P. H.. 50. 
Roosevelt, Theodore, 

54, 56, 71, 86. 
Schurman, Pres., 45. 
Sheridan, Phil.. 116. 
Shakespeare, 29, 68, 

107. 



Smith, Sydney, 19. 
Spurgeon. C. H., 19, 

59. 
Sumner, Chas.. 54. 
Thompson, Mrs. E. J., 

55 
Trumbull, H. C, 109. 
Trevelyan, Sir Geo., 

83. 
Wallace, Pres. Y., 31. 
Washington, 54. 
Webster, Daniel. 83. 
Wesley, J., 68, 80. 
Willard, Frances E., 

34. 
Wilson, Henry, 42. 
Wilson, L. B., 105. 
Windom, Wm., 53. 
Wooley. J. G., 12, 46, 

55 
Wu Ting fang, 112. 
Young. 68. 



GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 



Africa, 14, 124. 
Arabia, 91. 



Europe, 34, 118, 123. 
Prance, 23, 42, 89, 122, 
123. 



Australia, 43, 94, 122, Germ a ny , 4 6, 49. 89, 



126 
Belgium, 19. 
Canada, 43, 94, 126 
China, 86, 112, 125. 



124. 

Great Britain, 18, 21, 
42. 50, 57, 86, 112, 
122, 123. 



India. 91. 

Italy, 18. 

Japan, 19. 84, 103. 

Massachusetts, 102. 

New Hampshire, 100. 

New Zealand, 43. 

Persia, 124. 



Russia, 124. 
Scandinavia, 124. 
South Carolina, 59. 
Switzerland, 50. 
Turkey, 124. 
United States. 18, 44, 
57, 86, 112, 126. 



CONTENTS. 

(See pp. 6 and 127 for other indexes.) 

Page. 

Civic Righteousness Prelude 8 

Sacrificing Future Good for Present Appetites (Genesis 25) 9 

The Two Wings of Temperance Reform (Guido Reni) 16 

God's Great Gift of Water (Exodus 17) 17 

Water and Wine 23 

Appeal to the Church to Adopt Moral Reforms 24 

God's Flaming Displeasure at Drink in the Church (Leviticus 10) 25 

Have We Bible Warrant for Wine Drinking? 3 1 

The Nazarite Pledge, "Limited," the First of Temperance Pledges (Numbers 6) 33 

How God's Fruits and Grains are Turned into the Devil's Alcohol 37 

Modern Fraternities Closed to Liquor Dealers 38 

The First Total Abstinence Fraternity (Jeremiah 35) 39 

How the Pitcher Led to Victory and the Bottle to Defeat (Judges 7) 47 

A Traffic to be Hated and Destroyed (Psalm 10) . . 55 

Ancient Heralds of Abstinence 62 

Whosoever is Deceived Thereby is Not Wise (Proverbs 20) 63 

Wisdom's Warnings Against Wine (Proverbs 23) .' 69 

Twentieth Century Science on the Alcohol Question. 75 

Alcohol's Harvest of Woes (Isaiah 5) 79 

World-wide War on Opium Now On ! 86 

Nations Destroyed by Drink (Isaiah 28) 87 

(Ten lessons omitted here from Abridged Edition, see p. S.) 

Evolution of Judge Artman's Decision 95 

How Love Keeps and Liquor Breaks the Commandments (Romans 13) 97 

Verdict of Scholars Upon Alcohol 104 

Why Abstain? (Romans 14) 105 

For the Sake of Others ( 1 Corinthians 10) 113 

True and False Liberty (Galatians 5) 117 

Municipal Poster 122 

Temperance Tour of the World 123 

Alphabetical Index * 127 

International Sunday-school Pledge 128 



CIVIC RIGHTEOUSNESS PRELUDE. 

. Denver International Sunday-school Convention suggested that Temper- 
ance Sunday should deal with civic righteousness, not temperance alone. 

Supt. (or Pastor ) : What is civic righteousness? 

Asst. Supt. (or school ) : It is doing right in matters of government; the 
citizen doing right in every vote, the State in every law. 

Supt. In what words are Christians required by their Master to per- 
form their duties to government as well as their duties to God? 

Asst. Supt. "Render to Csesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God 
the things that are God's." 

Supt. What is the practical meaning of that law, and the deeper one 
on which all law is based, "Thou shalt love God and thy neighbor"? 

Asst. Supt. All these divine laws aim to establish right relations — 
right relations between man and God, first; then between man and man, the 
double relation that constitutes religion. 

Supt. And what does government have to do with securing these right 
relations ? ♦ 

Asst. Supt. Government, so far as it uses force and penalty, aims only 
to establish right relations between man and man. 

Supt. What does civic righteousness require of a Christian citizen and 
a "Christian nation" in the matter of temperance, in view of the fact that 
intemperance, more than almost anything else, destroys "right relations" 
between man and man? Do any of the Ten Commandments condemn our 
drinking usages or our drink traffic? 

Alcohol is the Decalogue's worst foe, and abstinence is its best friend. 
But it is a great error to suppose there are only ten commandments. Surely 
New Testament commandments are no less binding, and one of them, for- 
merly mistranslated, is, "Abstain from every form of evil." 

Supt. Have teachers and religious teachers any right to teach tem- 
perance ? 

Asst. Supt. Surely we ought to teach what our churches have so often 
approved by resolutions, even if we had not stronger reasons in our Bibles, 
in whose pages prophets 'and apostles reasoned with kings of "righteousness, 
temperance and a judgment to come." 

Supt. For kings there was a "judgment to come," but is there a judg- 
ment day for governments and for nations? 

Asst. Supt. Their judgment days, the Bible teaches, come in this world, 
and every great world empire of antiquity has undergone sentence of death 
for its sins. Not one government since the world began has flourished a 
thousand years. It was not to an individual but to a nation that revival text 
was first spoken, that would be most appropriate for a civic revival to save a 
whole city, "Prepare to meet thy God, Israel!" 



Sacrificing Future Good for Present Appetites. 



Gen. 25: 27-34; 27: 19-27. 



2j And the boys grew : and Esau was a 
skilful hunter, a man of the field ; and Jacob 
was a quiet man, dwelling in tents. 28 Now 
Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of 
his venison: and Rebekah loved Jacob. 

29 And Jacob boiled pottage: and Esau 
came in from the field, and he was faint: 

30 And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray 
thee, with that same red pottage; for I am 
faint: therefore was his name called Edom. 

31 And Jacob said, Sell me first thy birth- 
right. 32 And Esau said, Behold, I am 
about m to die : and what profit shall the 
birthright do to me? 33 And Jacob said, 
Swear to me first; and he sware unto him: 
and he sold his birthright unto Jacob. 34 
And Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage 
of lentils ; and he did eat and drink, and 
rose up, and went his way : so Esau despised 
his birthright. 



19 And Jacob said unto his father, I am 
Esau thy first-born : I have done according 
as thou badest me : arise, I pray thee, sit 
and eat of my venison, that thy soul may 



bless me. 20 And Isaac said unto his son, 
How is it that thou hast found it so quickly, 
my son? And he said, Because Jehovah 
thy God sent me good speed. 21 And Isaac 
said unto Jacob, Come near, I pray thee, 
that I may feel thee, my son, whether thou 
be my very son Esau or not. 22 And Jacob 
went near unto Isaac his father; and he 
felt him, and said, The voice is Jacob's 
voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau. 
23 And he discerned him not, because his 
hands were hairy, as his brother Esau's 
hands : so he blessed him. 24 And he said, 
Art thou my very son Esau? And he said, 
I am. 25 And he said, Bring it_ near to 
me, and I will eat of my son's venison, that 
my soul may bless thee. And he brought it 
near to him, and he did eat: and he brought 
him wine, and he drank. 26 And his father 
Isaac said unto him, Come near now, and 
kiss me, my son. 27 And he came near, 
and kissed him: and he smelled the smell 
of his raiment, and blessed him, and said, 
See, the smell of my son is as the smell of 
a field which Jehovah hath blessed. 



Note. — We insert as the best critical commentary on these lessons the American Revised 
text, representing ten years' work of the one hundred foremost Hebrew and Greek scholars 
of the English-speaking world — the points in which the American scholars differed being in 
preference for accuracy even where some conservative ecclesiastical tradition was involved. 
We assume that Sunday-school teachers need little more of exposition, and devote these lessons 
chiefly to application and illustration by which these old truths may be fitted to present needs. 



Golden Text : The priest and the prophet reel zvith strong drink 
vision, they stumble in judgment. — Isa. 28 : 7. 



they err in 



Here are stories of two hunts of 
Esau, the twin brother of Jacob, both 
sons of Isaac and Rebekah. By a 
moment's precedence Esau was the 
elder and so entitled to the "birth- 
right," which carried about the same 
privileges that pertain to the elder son 
in a noble British family — the largest 
share of the family estate and the 
family honors, and, in the Abrahamic 
line, a special blessing of God also for 
this world and the other. Such was the 
priceless gem that the reckless hunter, 
Esau, possessed, but did not prize, 
being absorbed in the pleasures of the 
passing moment. Returning hungry 
from the hunt, he found the quiet, 
agricultural, home - keeping Jacob 



cooking some savory soup of red 
lentils, and earnestly appealed for a 
share of it. Jacob replied, "I will 
trade my soup for your birthright." 
It was as if he had said, "I will give 
you fifteen minutes enjoyment of 
fifteen cents worth of soup if you 
will give me your future." And Esau 
accepted, made the hard bargain, say- 
ing to his conscience and his judg- 
ment because he felt a little hungry 
and faint, "Behold I am about to die, 
and what profit shall the birthright do 
to me?" 

It is one of the most incredible 
stories of the Bible, yet no skeptic 
ever challenged it, for young and old 
are repeating every day. in every 



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town, that wicked and foolish ex- 
change of future good for present 
enjoyment of appetite or passion. In 
every city every day there are even 
children of godly parents, who, for 
fifteen minutes of sinful pleasure, will 
give future health and happiness, the 
respect of men and the blessing of 
God for both worlds. 

There is not a word about intoxi- 
cants in this part of the story, and the 
superficial method of selecting as tem- 
perance lessons only passages where 
wine or drunkenness is specifically 
mentioned, has prevented the assign- 
ment of this story for a temperance 
lesson. But it goes to the very root 
of the trouble, and although not even 
gluttony is alleged in this story it 
reveals the very characteristic of hu- 
man nature that enables the liquor 
dealers of to-day to lure the generous 
Esaus of our time into bargaining 
away property and health and hope 
and Heaven for a momentary ex- 
citation. 

Blinded by Wine* 

Again, some time later, Esau 
returns from the hunt, expecting to 
steal from his brother the birthright 
he has sold. But his treachery has 
been checkmated by his brother's 
treachery. Dishonesty has been de- 
feated by lying. Isaac had sent Esau 
to the hunt with the promise that he 
should have the birthright blessing 
when he returned and once more 
delighted his father's appetite with a 
feast of deer meat. In Esau's absence 
Jacob has successfully impersonated 
him by cooking a kid, whose meat he 
declares to be the expected venison, 
and by putting the kid's soft hair on 
his hands, that they may feel like 
Esau's, and by dosing his father with 
wine that all his senses and his judg- 
ment may be the more easily fooled, 
Jacob has secured the birthright 
blessing, and Esau, whose bad bar- 



gain is thus confirmed in all his 
life, "found no place for repentance, 
though he sought it diligently, with 
tears." 

The deeper temperance teaching of 
this story is the misleading influence 
of appetite, even in eating, when it 
leads to the sacrifice of future good, 
as in Esau, or to unwise choice of 
favorites, as in Isaac. But the use 
of wine to deepen the blindness of 
Isaac is significant, even though Jacob 
did not know as fully as modern 
scientists, or even as well as Isaiah, 
that it makes men "err in vision and 
stumble in judgment." That is why 
bad men used to treat before a trade. 
Julia Colman, in ''The Independent" 
for March 22, 1894, gives numerous 
instances where auctioneers and sales- 
men, by dosing prospective purchasers 
with wine and beer, have led them 
to otter many times the value of the 
goods. When a Christian man, about 
to sell a standing forest years ago, 
refused to supply liquors to the crowd, 
as was then usual, the auctioneer said, 
"I am sorry, for the trees look larger 
and men feel more generous when 
they have been drinking, and you will 
get lower prices by omitting the 
drink." It reminds us of the custom 
in China to order one scale to sell by 
and another by which to buy. No 
less unjust is the man who uses drink 
to increase his selling price; no less 
foolish the buyer who accepts drink 
when it is so manifestly at his own 
cost. 

Here is an experiment by Dr. Mc- 
Culloch to show how alcohol dulls the 
perceptions : 

"Hold a mouthful of spirits — whis- 
key, for instance — in your mouth for 
five minutes, and you will find it 
burns severely; inspect the mouth, 
and you will find it inflamed. Hold it 
for ten or fifteen minutes, and you 
will find that various parts of the 
interior of the mouth have become 



Sacrificing Future Good for Present Appetites. 



ii 





ISAAC, BLIND AND WINED, DECEIVED BY JACOB. 



blistered; then tie a handkerchief 
over the eyes, and taste, for instance, 
water, vinegar, milk, or senna, and 
you will find that you are incapable 
of distinguishing one from another. 
This experiment proves to a certainty 
that alcohol is not only a violent irri- 
tant, but also a narcotic." 

Abrahams of To-day* 

The Bible reveals not only the 
divine nature, but also human nature. 
As in Christ we behold God, in other 
Bible characters we should find our 
own portraits for warning and en- 
couragement. Everybody in the Bible 
and everybody in the census is either 
an Abraham, an Isaac, a Jacob, or an 
Esau. In every age and in every 
community Abrahams are few, often 
solitary. You are not an Abraham 



unless you "dare to stand alone" for 
the right. Surely you are not an 
Abraham if you say, "When you are 
in Rome do as the Romans do." 
Abraham in Ur refused to err as all 
the other people erred in their idol- 
atry and its accompanying wicked- 
ness. Idolatry then usually included 
both drink and lust, the worship of 
Bacchus and Venus under many 
names. He dared to be out of fashion 
when fashion was lewd, as it often is 
to-day in dress and dance. The Abra- 
hams have this pre-eminent charac- 
teristic, they lead individually in the 
right instead of being led by the 
crowd in the wrong. "How much is 
a man better than a sheep?" Not 
much, except here and there an Abra- 
ham. The story is pertinent here of 
the flock of sheep, of which one 



12 



World Book of Temperance. 



leaped through a low place in the 
stone wall and fell into an empty well 
just beyond. Every one of the flock 
made the same leap and fell into the 
same well, from which they were 
dragged out, some wounded, others 
dead. "All we like sheep have gone 
astray," in blind imitation of the 
crowd we are in. 

Temperance Votes Not Lost* 

Let me quote a temperance mes- 
sage, suggested by Abraham's prac- 
tical faith, from the great temperance 
orator, Hon. John G. Wooley, whose 
lectures are largely Bible expositions 
that show how many passages of the 
Bible, that say nothing of wine, bear 
on the temperance warfare. No one 
who had read his lectures could have 
said, as did a former secretary of 
the Sunday-school Lesson Committee, 
that there were not twenty-four pas- 
sages in the Bible suitable for tem- 
perance lessons : 

"Four words answer all arguments. 
'We must be politic/ says one. 'Not 
with my bottle.' 'They will have it/ 
'Not from my bottle/ 'It will always 
be drunk/ 'Not from my bottle/ 
'Men have a right to drink/ 'Not 
from my bottle/ 'It will be sold on 
the sly/ 'Not from my bottle/ Per- 
haps the saloon is to go on. I am 
not bound to abolish it, but only my 
interest in it. There are millions of 
voters in the United States; I'll vote 
my fraction right, and every time I 
vote I'll carry my share of that elec- 
tion as long as God is alive. That 
may not do the saloon any harm, but 
will be good for me. I am not bound 
to be successful, but I am bound to be 
true. A square man is never wrong 
side up. 'My vote won't count?' 
Listen: "Abraham believed God and 
it was counted.' " 

It is not so hard to find 



Modern Isaacs, 

the gentlemen and gentlewomen, con- 
stitutionally quiet and peaceful, who 
do neither so much good nor so much 
evil as the more strenuous Abrahams. 
Isaac, in an age of polygamy, had but 
one wife, and in a period when war 
was frequent never drew the sword. 
About the only faults told of him are : 
that he lied about Rebekah to the 
Philistines, forgetting how such "a 
lie to save life" on the lips of his 
father in Egypt had made matters 
worse; and that he showed a foolish 
partiality in his family^ and that he 
was an ancient illustration of that true 
saying of the wicked to-day, that 
"good people are easily fooled," which 
was due in the story under discussion 
not only to blindness and senility, but 
still more to the wine that he foolishly 
took from Jacob, who knew it would 
make him blinder yet. Isaacs may be 
found by the million to-day. Even 
bad business that can put enough 
money into print, can make them 
think they need poisonous and fraudu- 
lent medicines, or convince them that 
an acknowledged curse by another 
name is a blessing. If you are an 
Isaac add to your goodness wisdom. 

Modern Jacobs* 

The Jacobs abound on our business 
streets, the professedly Christian mer- 
chants, in whose hearts conscience 
and covetousness are ever wrestling — 
so well pictured in Howells' New 
England stories. It was hard work 
for these Jacobs of to-day to get and 
save their money, and it is harder to 
spend, and especially to give it away. 
And yet they feel that it is their duty 
to give to the very ends of the earth, 
and they do. But they can hardly 
claim the Bible promise, "The Lord 
loveth the hilarious giver." 

May these Jacobs of to-day get 
such a vision of God, such a touch of 
Christ, that conscience and courage 
shall make them conquering Israels. 



Sacrificing Future Good for Present Appetites. 



13 




THEY WERE EATING AND DRINKING WHEN THE FLOOD CAME. 



The Esaus of To-day- 
are all about us — those who sacrifice 
future health and honor to present 
appetites and passions. The Bible 
calls him who thus trifles with his 
sacred possibilities, a "profane per- 
son" (Heb. 12: 16). It would seem 
incredible that a man thirty years of 
age really sold the headship of the 
family and the major part of his 
father's great estate for a few min- 
utes enjoyment of a dish of soup, if 
that history was not repeating itself 
all about us every day. Thousands of 
young men and young women every 
day sacrifice health and reputation 
and length of days and eternity for 
a few minutes of sinful pleasure, like 
the drunkard who would 

Sell out Heaven for something warm, 
To stop that horrible inward shrinking. 



Alcohol Blights the Home* 

There are two lessons that stand 
out in this story: 1, Alcohol blights 
the 'home; 2, Alcohol blights the 
young man's future, 

All references to intoxicants in 
Genesis find their sad unity as illus- 
trations of the blight they bring to 
the home. See Noah dishonored 
before his sons — a good man and a 
preacher .of righteousness intoxicated 
on "domestic wine" — an instructive 
story for those who think wine is 
a good cure for drunkenness, espe- 
cially if it is handled by men of "good 
moral character." Speaking of Noah 
brings up the flood, and the worse 
flood of drink- 
That since has overwhelmed and drowned 
Far greater numbers on dry ground 
Of wretched mankind one by one 
That e'en the Hood before had done. 



14 



World Book of Temperance. 



Sir Thomas Lipton, the yachtsman, 
warns young men that "corkscrews 
have sunk more people than cork jack- 
ets ever saved." Then see Lot, who 
went to Sodom "a righteous man" but 
willing to risk his own morals and 
those of his family to get rich, dis- 
honored before and by his daughters, 
who knew even then what Forel has 
shown so conclusively in a twentieth 
century book ("Die Sexuelle Frage"), 
that liquors promote lust He says : 
"Between seventy-five and eighty per 
cent, of the sexual crimes against per- 
sons are, according to the striking 
and trustworthy statistics of Germany, 
compiled by Dr. Baer, of Berlin, due 
to alcohol." 

Alcohol brought trouble to the 
homes of three of the best men named 
in Genesis — Noah, Lot and Isaac — and 
all the ages since, despite those hor- 
rible examples that should have kept 
it from all other homes, it has been 
the supreme curse of the family. As 
God said that in Abraham all the fam- 
ilies of the earth should be blessed, 
so in alcohol families of every country 
and of every century have been 
cursed. 

Alcohol Blights the Young Man's 
Future* 

As Esau's sacrifice of future good 
for the momentary pleasures of appe- 
tite filled his future with "tears," so 
many a young man's life has been 
switched off the main line into wreck 
by one yielding to appetite or passion. 
We shall come to another, instance 
of the shipwreck of a soul by appetite 
in the tragic death of the sons of 
Aaron, Nadab and Abihu (see page 
25) . They were as foolish as they were 
wicked thus to blight their promis- 
ing careers. 

The use of intoxicants by young 
men to-day is yet more foolish, for 
fifty-one per cent, of the employers 
in the United States discriminate in 
favor of employees who keep the 



fuddling alcohol away from their 
brains. 

Why are young men so indifferent 
to the voice of science which, in 
every insurance examination, pro- 
claims emphatically that even the 
most moderate tippling shortens life? 
Half a century's experience in classi- 
fying abstainers and moderate drink- 
ers separately in British companies 
shows that an abstaining young man 
averages twenty to thirty per cent, 
longer duration of life than even those 
very moderate drinkers who are able 
to get insurance. Insurance presi- 
dents testify to remarkable mortality, 
not only of whiskey drinkers, but also 
of the beer drinkers who are often 
regarded by superficial friends as "the 
very picture of health." 

Athletics Teach Abstinence. 

Athletics also teach abstinence. In 
the course of a speech in 1904 Lord 
Charles Beresford, the great British 
admiral, said, "When I was a young 
man I was an athlete. I used to box 
a great deal, ride steeplechases and 
races, play football and go through a 
number of competitive sports and pas- 
times. When I put myself into train- 
ing, which was a continual occur- 
rence, I never drank any wine, spirits 
or beer at all, for the simple reason 
that I felt I could get fit quicker 
without taking any stimulants. Now 
I am an older man, and have a posi- 
tion of great responsibility, often 
entailing quick thought and determi- 
nation and instant decision. I drink 
no wine, spirits or beer, not because 
they do me harm, not because I think 
it wrong to drink, but simply because 
I am more ready for any work 
imposed upon me day or night ; always 
fresh, always cheery and in good 
temper." 

The Foe of Labor* 

It is especially foolish for any great 
employer to favor the liquor traffic. 
Even in the Congo, whose adminis- 



Sacrificing Future Good for Present Appetites. 



15 



tration seems to disregard so many 
other laws of God and man, the inter- 
national prohibitory law is well 
enforced, because it is so clearly seen 
that if the negro workmen get rum 
they will bring in less rubber. So 
everywhere it is true that intoxicants 
are the foe of honest trade, in that 
they decrease both the producing and 
buying power of workmen, and kill 
off the very buyers themselves. 

We may fitly close this lesson with 
the appeal of Hon. John Burns, of 
the British Cabinet, greatest of labor 
leaders, to his fellow workmen, to 
refuse the mess of pottage that 
endangers their birthright in the keen 
industrial competition of the twen- 
tieth century: 

"I appeal to you, the best, *because 
you are the freest, and, in many 
respects, the greatest, working class 
in the world, to renounce drink, 
because it prevents your walking 
quickly, boldly and firmly the straight 
but narrow path that individuals, 
classes and nations must tread if they 
wish to reach the goal of personal 
health, social happiness, communal 
culture and national greatness. My 
experience of the workshop, the 
street, the asylum, the jail, have 
given me exceptional opportunities of 
seeing the ravages of alcohol. My 
participation in many of the greatest 
labor movements of the present gen- 
eration has enabled me to witness 
how drinking dissipates the social 
force, industrial energy and political 
strength of the people. Give up 
drink or give up hope of holding your 
place in the industrial world." 

Two Helps to Reform » 

"Every boy and man who desires 
to keep from drink needs the help of 
the Gospel also." "Well, it shan't 
happen again," said Will Black to his 
Christian wife. "I'm afraid it will, 



dear," replied Mrs. Black, "unless 
you seek the help of God." Will, for 
the first time in his life, had returned 
home slightly intoxicated the previous 
night. "I couldn't help it," said Will. 
"It was our annual dinner, and I took 
more than I ought before I knew what 
I was doing." "Dear Will," said Mrs. 
Black, "I don't want to be hard on 
you. You've been a good husband to 
me so far. But, oh! I do wish you 
were a Christian. Besides, we can 
help it. God has given us helps so 
that we can resist sin." "Indeed," re- 
plied Will, his eyes on his paper and 
pretending not to listen. "Yes, Will, 
dear. People go wrong because they 
don't use God's helps." "And what 
are they?" asked Will, a little more 
interested. "The first help is a Guide- 
book to show us the right way and 
the wrong way, and where they each 
lead to. If anybody uses that help 
he cannot make any mistake as to the 
way." "And what's the second?" 
asked Mr. Black, anxious to get it 
over, and at the second time more 
moved and impressed than he cared to 
confess. "Well, the second help, Will, 
dear, is more difficult to explain. But 
it's just the little voice inside of us 
which says 'No, no, no !' and 'Yes, 
yes, yes !' It is conscience. Don't you 
think we ought to keep straight with 
these helps, Will, and that we can 
help going, wrong?" "I suppose 
you're right, Sally," replied Mr. Black. 
He took his wife's advice, and by 
God's help reformed. 

He whose name is love 

Still waits, as Noah did for the dove, 

To see if she would fly to him. 

He waits for us, while, houseless thing?. 

We beat about with bruised wings, 

On the dark floods and water spring?, 

The ruined world, the desolate sea : 

With open windows from the prime. 

All night, all day, He waits sublime, 

Until the fullness of the time 

Decreed from his eternity. 



See Class Plodse, page 12S. 



i6 



World Book of Temperance. 



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MICHAEL TRIUMPHING OVER SATAN. BY GUIDO RENI. Rev. 20 : 1-3. 



THE TWO WINGS OF TEMPERANCE REFORM* 

AND PROHIBITION. 



-TOTAL ABSTINENCE 



Let us try to be painters now, and make this 
picture over. Let us take Satan for the whole 
liquor business. Hear what is said of it by the 
Supreme Court of the United States, Crowley 
vs. Christenson, 137 U. S. 86 : "By the general 
concurrence of opinion of every civilized and 
Christian community, there are few sources of 
crime and misery to society equal to the dram 
shop, where intoxicating liquors, in small quan- 
tities, to be drunk at the time, are sold indis- 
criminately to all parties applying. The sta- 
tistics of every State show a greater amount 
of crime and misery attributable to the use of 



ardent spirits obtained at these retail liquor 
saloons than to any other source." 

And who is the good angel that is deter- 
mined upon chaining this terrible enemy of 
mankind? His name is Temperance Reform. 
The wings of the Temperance Angel are total 
abstinence and prohibition. And what is that 
sword in his right hand? It is the sword of 
"Public Opinion." And what about the chain 
which the Angel of Temperance holds in his 
hand? Its links are made by the good laws that 
have been made in many lands to prevent the 
sale of poison beverages. 



God's Great Gift of Water. 



Exodus 17: 1-6. 



And all the congregation of the children 
of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of 
Sin, by their journeys, according to the 
commandment of Jehovah, and encamped 
in Rephidim : and there was no water for 
the people to drink. 2 Wherefore the peo- 
ple strove with Moses, and said, Give us 
water that we may drink. And Moses said 
unto them, Why strive ye with me? where- 
fore do ye tempt Jehovah ? 3 And the 
people thirsted there for water; and the 
people murmured against Moses, and said, 
Wherefore hast thou brought us up out of 



Egypt, to kill us and our children and our 
cattle with thirst? 4 And Moses cried unto 
Jehovah, saying, What shall I do unto this 
people? they are almost ready to stone rne. 
5 And Jehovah said unto Moses, Pass on 
before the people, and take with thee of 
the elders of Israel; and thy rod, wherewith 
thou smotest the river, take in thy hand., 
and go. 6 Behold, I will stand before thee 
there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou 
shalt smite the rock, and there shall come 
water out of it, that the people may drink. 
And Moses did so in the sight of the elders 
of Israel. (Read also Numbers 20: 1-11.) 



Golden Text: They drank of a spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock 

was Christ. — 1 Cor. 10: 4. 



Temperance work has been too 
much confined to the destructive, neg- 
ative side. It must become more 
positive and constructive. We must 
not only close saloons but open new 
social centres. We must show not 
only the harmfulness of alcohol, but 
the excellence of water, which even 
temperance people, in most countries, 
use too sparingly. 

"I was in one place," said D. L. 
Moody, the great evangelist, "where 
a man told me it was impossible for 
men to get on without strong drink, 
and there are a great many people 
who reason that they must have it. 
But God led His people in the wilder- 
ness forty years, and never gave them 
strong drink. He gave them clear 
water out of the rock, and they got 
on very well. Nations fled before 
them like chaff before the wind. 
Samson was probably the strongest 
man that ever lived, and he never 
touched drink, and got on very well 
without it. So did John the Baptist. 
Samuel also got on very well with- 
out it. There is no trouble to get 
on without it. In fact, men are health- 
ier without it. I do not believe that 
this world is to be reached by drink- 
ing ministers. If it is to be reached 



and reclaimed, they must deny them- 
selves. The Master denied Himself." 

Afraid of Water; 

Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt, first 
W. C. T. U. Round the World Mis- 
sionary, in an article headed, "Why 
Not Drink Water?" wrote: 

"On board the good ship Zealandia 
I was placed at table between the son 
of a Scotch lord and a clergyman of 
the Church of England. Both took 
wine, or whiskey and water, at lunch 
and dinner every day. Almost the 
first day out the young Scotchman 
remarked upon my water drinking, 
and said, 'Do you really think water 
is fit to drink?' I replied, 'Have you 
thought what an imputation against 
our Creator the thoughts back of your 
question is?' He looked at me 
inquiringly, and I continued, 'He has 
supplied no other liquid for us and the 
lower orders of animals to drink. 
Would this have been wise or kind 
if it were not perfectly suited to our 
needs?' 'You forget milk.' he said. 
'No. That is not drink but liquid 
food, and should never be taken to 
quench thirst, unless food is also 
needed, since the process of digestion 



i8 



World Book of Temperance. 



must always follow taking milk/' This 
opened the way to much and earnest 
conversation upon the temperance 
reform. 

"Total abstainers in England are 
not so generally water-drinkers as 
Americans. At table in an English 
hotel a bright young boy said to his 
mother, 'There are three Americans 
over there, and there is another at 
the end of the table.' The mother 
could see nothing in the looks, dress 
or manners of the four persons to 
indicate that they were Americans ; 
but on inquiry she found her son was 
right. He had identified them as 
Americans because they were drink- 
ing water at dinner. I have often 
been the only water-drinker at table 
in English houses, when other 
abstainers were present. 

"Ginger ale, bottled lemonade, which 
is really more like soda-water flavored 
with lemon than like our fresh lemon 
juice and water, are used very freely. 
Abstaining householders 'take in' the 
above drinks by the hundred or dozen 
bottles, the delivery 'carts' exchang- 
ing full bottles .for empty ones. In- 
deed, the English citizen — man, 
woman or child — loves a sting in 
whatever is used as a drink. Appar- 
ently this is a vicious inheritance from 
a heavy-drinking ancestry. The sense 
of taste having been blunted by the 
scorching alcoholic drinks so freely 
used, has not yet recovered its usual 
delicacy, hence water tastes insipid. 

"Let us Americans thank God that 
we have more abstaining progenitors 
behind us, and keep to pure water, 
cold if we are young and healthy, hot 
if we are aged or in weak health. 
But let us remember that much ice- 
cold water is hurtful. We are not, 
however, sufficiently careful to have 
water pure. More filters ought to be 
used, and frequently it should be puri- 
fied by boiling before it is used for 
drinking purposes. As I drink neither 



tea nor coffee I might be supposed to 
have needed something alcoholic on 
my long journey around the world, if 
any traveler would, but I took noth- 
ing alcoholic either as drink or medi- 
cine all the way. Xor was I ever 
harmed by drinking water. I took 
pains to have it filtered and boiled in 
many localities." 

Dr. Henry Clay Trumbull, in the 
"Sunday-School Times," of which he 
was editor, bore similar testimony to 
water as a safe drink in all lands, and 
the editors, of this book bear the same 
witness, based on six foreign tours 
that include four continents. The 
great tourist manager, Mr. Thomas 
Cook, told the writer he had been 
sixteen times round the world and 
had never found it necessary to use 
intoxicating beverages. The fear that 
some people have of being injured by 
water-drinking recalls the story of a 
young lady making her first visit to 
the seashore. At her departure for 
home her sister recommended her to 
carry back some sea-water in a bottle. 
She went down to the shore and filled 
her vial with water. "Better not fill 
it up like that, missy," said a sailor ; 
"bekase, it being low water now, 
when the tide rises it'll bust your bot- 
tle." Miss Blank, quite convinced, 
poured out half the water and 
departed. 

With that story we may appropri- 
ately group that of an American 
Methodist lady, an abstainer when in 
America, who greeted the writer in 
Rome w r ith the question, "Of course 
you do not stick to teetotalism here 
in Rome where the water is so dan- 
gerous." The reply was, "You don't 
seem to know that the old Roman 
aqueducts have been restored and the 
city water of Rome is about the best 
in the world." The water of Vienna 
was notoriously bad in the hotels, but 
at the Art Gallery there we found 
water as clear' as that of the Alps. 



God's Great Gift of Witter. 



19 



suggesting that the European hotels 
may be shrewd enough to keep bad 
water for the very purpose of increas- 
ing their sales of wine, although it 
seems hardly worth while for them to 
give much attention to water when 
so few travelers ask for it. At the 
cafes of Brussels, in 1906, there was 
no water on the tables, and this is 
the rule in Europe except as modified 
by American patronage. In a recent 
tour that included a part of three for- 
eign continents the writer seldom saw 
a public drinking fountain, or even a 
"cooler" in foreign office buildings or 
hotels, such as is regarded as an essen- 
tial fixture in such places as the United 
States and ought to be everywhere. 
On railway trains, the most that could 
be found was a small bottle contain- 
ing less than enough water for one 
man who has learned that ten glasses 
of liquid, preferably water, taken 
midway between meals, is needed 
daily to keep the human system in 
order. It cost the writer a thousand 
dollars to learn that, but he passes it 
on without charge. When a Japanese 
statesman was asked why Japan had 
so few paupers, compared with Great 
Britain, he replied, "It is because 
Great Britain drinks alcohol, while 
Japan drinks tea." And it may be 
added that Japan drinks tea in its 
mildest form — a mere flavoring of 
boiled water. Australia, however, is 
not prevented by drinking tea — strong 
in this case and taken about- every two 
hours, even in business hours and at 
night — from drinking a great amount 
of brandy and whiskey, to which, 
apparently, the weaker stimulant 
leads the way. 

Speaking of filters, the writer car- 
ried one in Egypt about as large as 
his fist, by which he could suck up 
the muddy water of the Nile by a 
rubber tube attached to a bit of car- 
bon which purified or filtered if, in 
a Few moments. 

All over the world children need to 



be taught that water is the best of all 
drinks. 

1. Water the Only "Strong 
Drink." 

We ought never to use that devil's 
lie, "strong drink," as the name for 
the liquors that the trainers of ath- 
letes always tell them they must let 
alone if they wish to become strong. 
In the words of Charles H. Spurgeon, 
"Water is the strongest drink. It 
drives mills. It is the drink of lions 
and horses ; and Samson himself 
never drank anything else." Hear 
Sydney Smith : "It is all nonsense 
about not being able to work without 
ale and gin and cider and fermented 
liquors. Do lions and cart-horses 
drink ale?" 

The great athletes of the world 
drink only water when in training and 
in action. They know that alcohol 
would destroy their chances for win- 
ning. Harlan, the oarsman ; Weston, 
the pedestrian; Sayers, the pugilist, 
and Dr. Carver, the marksman, are 
examples of this fact. A gentleman 
once said to Tom Sayers, the then 
champion fighter of England, "Well, 
Tom, of course in training you must 
take a great deal of nourishment, such 
as beefsteaks, Barclay's stout, or pale 
ale." "I'll tell you what it is, sir," 
answered Master Thomas, "I'm no 
teetolater, and in my time have drunk 
a good deal more than is good for me, 
but when I have any business to do 
there is nothing like water and the 
dumb-bells." Heenan, his American 
antagonist, was systematically a tee- 
totaler. Johnson, the modern Samson, 
lost his power as an acrobat through 
the moderate use of beer, but it 
returned to him as an abstainer. 

2. Drinking Water is u Drinking 
Health/' 

Miss Julia Colnian, in a leaflet en 
titled, "What Shall We Drink 

"Dr. Richardson, in his Temperance 



20 



IV oiid Book of Temperance. 



Lesson-Book, devotes several of his 
first lessons to water. He shows that 
about seven-eighths of the body is 
water, rendering it movable, flexible, 
usable. So water is really an indis- 
pensable part of our bodies, and we 
can neither think, move, nor live 
without it. We are told that in some 
senses it is more important than food. 
Without it the food could not nourish 
us, for that is what carries the food 
to all parts of the body. Without 
water we could neither chew, swal- 
low, nor digest our food. Starving 
people can go without food longer 
than without water. Dr. Tanner 
found that out when he undertook 
his famous fast in New York. He 
went without water a few days only. 
He went without food six weeks. 

"The wine and beer sellers and 
drinkers denounce most vigorously 
the impurity of the usual water sup- 
plies. They specify many large cities 
in which, as they say, the water is 
unfit to drink. But instead of asking 
for pure water, or laying their plans 
to get it, they use this decayed fruit- 
juice, called wine, or the decayed 
washings of grain, called beer, both 
of which must be bad on account of 
the decayed matter they contain, and 
neither of which would be touched 
as a drink if deprived of the alco- 
hol. Sometimes they even add alcohol 
to the bad water, and drink that mix- 
ture. 

"Hot water is useful in many cases 
of illness and indigestion, but its con- 
stant use is apt to relax the tone of 
the digestive organs. On the other 
hand, very cold drinks put a tempo- 
rary stop to the process of digestion, 
if there is food in the stomach. 

"In localities where the water is 
known to be bad, as in malarious sec- 
tions and limestone formations, its use 
for drinking purposes could be largely 
avoided by the free use of fruits, and 
by dispensing with condiments. 



"Fruits might also take the place 
of drinks as refreshments. A basket 
of handsome fruit, with pretty silver 
fruit-knives and rare old china plates, 
can be made to look as handsome as 
a tray of decanters and wine-glasses, 
and the former are infinitely safer. 
Temperance children are often per- 
plexed to know what they can drink 
safely on a hot day, and on picnics 
and excursions. I tell them to take 
fruit, and even to prefer an orange 
to a soda at any time. 

"I observe when men and women 
are encouraged to use the sweet fruit- 
juices as drinks, they too often go 
on drinking them until they are quite 
alcoholic. This practice is like play- 
ing on the edge of a precipice." 

There is a certain large boarding- 
school for boys in England where no 
intoxicating drinks whatever are 
placed on the table, and yet several 
brewers and wine-merchants send 
their sons there for education. One 
of these young gentlemen had a white 
swelling on his knee, and was sent 
home for medical treatment. When 
the family doctor arrived and exam- 
ined the limb, he evidently thought it 
a serious case, and said, "What sort 
of school are you at?" "Oh, a jolly 
school!" "What sort of a table?" 
"Oh, a jolly table!" "Yes, yes; but 
what does he give you to drink?" 
"Oh, the governor's a teetotaler! He 
puts nothing but water on the table." 
"Then," said the doctor to the 
patient's anxious mother, "we can 
save his limb. Do not fear ; he will 
soon get better." And he did so, and 
went back to his desk, his games and 
his "jolly table" — not less jolly to him 
now that he has learned that water is 
"a jolly drink." 

A surgeon who served three years 
in the American Civil War said that 
he never heard wounded or dying men 
on the field of battle call for brandy, 
whiskey, wine, or beer, however fond 



God's Great Gift of Water. 



21 



they might be of it at other times. 
"Water, water, for the love of God! 
Just a sip of water!" was the univer- 
sal cry. 

Strange to say, in 1844 British 
physicians rejected the insurance 
application of Robert Warner, a Lon- 
don Quaker, because he was "endan- 
gering his health," they said, "by 
drinking water." They partially 
relented and offered him insurance 
for ten per cent, extra to cover the 
extra hazardous conditions to which 
his water-drinking exposed him. In- 
stead of accepting he got a few friends 
to join him, and so originated the 
double plan of insurance now com- 
mon in Great Britain, under which 
the total abstainer gets from thirty 
to forty per cent, more of rebate than 
moderate 'drinkers, because abstinence 
gives that much more of life. 

Those who think that water is 
"good for nothing except washing" 
have not even learned that we need 
to bathe inwardly as well as out- 
wardly. Much ill health, especially 
appendicitis, is due to scarcity of 
water in the system. Men go at great 
cost to mineral springs to recover 
health that plain, cold water, used in 
like abundance between meals daily, 
would have preserved. 

Adam's Ale* 

No other beverage can we need ; 
This is the best, we are agreed, 
For 'tis the drink that God hath given, 
And came direct to us from Heaven. 
Of brandy, whiskey, wine and beer, 
And cider, too, we have a fear. 
But man's inventions all will fail 
To make a drink like Adam's Ale. 

The Best of Liquors* 

On a certain occasion, says John B. 
Gough, one Paul Denton, a Method- 
ist preacher in Texas, advertised a 
barbecue, with better liquor than is 
usually furnished. When the people 
assembled, a desperado in the crowd 
cried out, "Mr. Paul Denton, vour 



reverence has lied. You promised not 
only a good barbecue, but the best 
of liquors. Where's the liquor?" 

"There," answered the missionary 
in tones of thunder, and pointing his 
long, bony fingers at the matchless 
double spring, gushing up in two 
strong columns with a sound like a 
shout of joy, from the bosom of the 
earth. "There," he repeated, "is the 
liquor which God, the eternal, brews 
for all His children. Not in the sim- 
mering still, over smoky fires choked 
with poisonous gases, and surrounded 
with the stench of sickening odors 
and corruption, doth your Father in 
Heaven prepare the precious essence 
of life — pure cold water. But in the 
glade and grassy dell, where the red 
deer wanders and the child loves to 
play, there God brews it; and down, 
low down in the deepest valleys, 
where the fountain murmurs and the 
rills sing, and high, up on the moun- 
tain tops, where the naked granite 
glitters like gold in the sun, where 
storm-clouds brood and the thunder- 
storms crash; and out on the wild, 
wide sea, where the hurricane howls 
music, and the big waves roar the 
chorus, sweeping the march of God 
— there He brews it — beverage of life, 
health-giving water. And everywhere 
it is a thing of beauty, gleaming in 
the dewdrop, singing in the Summer 
rain, shining in the icicles, till they 
seem turned to living gems; spread- 
ing a golden veil over the setting sun, 
or a white gauze around the midnight 
moon ; sporting in the cataract, sleep- 
ing in the glacier, dancing in the hail- 
shower; folding its bright curtains 
softly around the wintry world, and 
weaving the many-colored bow. that 
seraphs' zone of the air. whose warp 
is the rain-drops of the earth, and 
whose woof is the sunbeams of 
Heaven all checkered over with the 
celestial flowers of the mystic hand 
of refraction- Ilia! blessed life-water. 



22 



World Book of Temperance. 



No poison bubbles on its brink; its 
foam brings not madness and mur- 
der ; no blood stains its liquid glass ; 
pale widows and starving children 
weep not burning tears in its depths ! 
Speak out, my friends ; would you 
exchange it for the demon's drink, 
alcohol?" 

A shout like the roar of the tem- 
pest answered, "No!" 

He shall descend like showers 

Upon the fruitful earth, 
And love and joy, like flowers. 

Spring in his path to birth ; 
Before him, on the mountains, 

Shall peace, the herald, go, 
And righteousness, in fountains, 

From hill to valley flow. 

See Class Pled 



3* Christ, the Water of Life* 

To a Christian it ought to be sig- 
nificant that Christ is symbolized, not 
by wine, but by water. Paul, in our 
Golden Text, says that the smitten 
rock that gave abundant water to the 
Israelites is the symbol of Christ. 
Jesus Himself said when the beautiful 
ceremony, known as "The joy of 
drawing water," was in progress in 
the Temple, "If any man thirst let 
him come unto Me and drink." That 
is the only way of escape for a man 
who has developed a drunkard's 
thirst, to "drink of the Spiritual 
Rock," bv which the perishing Israel- 
ites were saved. 



ge, page 128. 







THE JOY OF DRAWING WATER. 



Water and Wine. 



*?> 



WATER AND WINE. 



Under this heading, M. Henri de Parvillc, 
the editor of "La Nature" (Paris), preached 
in his paper (May 15, 1897), an effective 
temperance sermon — all the more so, prob- 
ably, in that he frankly vows that he does 
not favor total abstinence, and that he 
touches only on the purely scientific aspects 
of the question. Says M. de Parville : 
"People who drink eat little. Alcohol sus- 
tains them, say the drinkers. It is a fact 
that in those who use fermented drinks to 
a great extent the process of digestion is 
slower. When we drink water, digestion 
is hastened. The stomach takes good care 
to inform us of this fact; we are hungry 
three or four hours after eating. Persons 
who reason badly conclude from this nat- 
urally that wine is nourishing and that fresh 
water is not. The illusion is complete. It 
is something as if we should say that a 
stove, furnace, or fireplace works better 
when the combustion is slow and lasts a 
long time. It certainly lasts longer, but it 
does not give out much heat ; it would only 
take a little to put out the fire. 

"The animal cell was not made to be 
gorged with alcohol ; that it may remain in 
its normal state, water is necessary, other- 
wise its functions are interfered with. 
Therefore the organism impregnated with 
alcohol finds itself in a morbid condi- 
tion. Maladies due to obstruction of 
nutrition show themselves and the char- 
acteristic symptoms appear — obesity, gravel, 
rheumatism, etc. The man whose diges- 
tion proceeds slowly, under the influ- 
ence of alcohol, is already a sick man. 
He is in great need of water, a remedy 
better than those found in drug-stores. 

"Is it a fact that alcohol retards the 
cellular and general nutrition? Observation 
shows this to be usually the case, and ex- 
periment confirms this. Messrs. Chitten- 
den and Mendel, of Yale University, have 
demonstrated by laboratory test-tube experi- 
ments that fermented drinks retard the 
chemical processes of digestion. They 
placed in direct contact food-substances and 
digestive liquids, and then added twenty 
per cent, of alcohol, whereupon the diges- 
tive activity was retarded. Pure whiskey, 
which contains about fifty per cent, of alco- 
hol, when mixed with the digestive fluids 
in the proportion of one per cent, increased 
the time required for digestion by six per 
cent. In some cases the action was absent, 
but the fact can not be doubted, and we 
proved it more than twenty-five years ago 
with Dr. Corvisart. _ Alcohol retards the 
phenomena of assimilation, and if anyone 



thinks that wine and strong drink have sus- 
taining power, it is only because first, these 
drinks excite the nervous system and seem 
to give strength, and, secondly, because the 
feeling of hunger is postponed by the very 
fact that digestion is retarded. 

"Three years ago an experiment that was 
. very conclusive was made in the United 
States. They set to work twenty men who 
drank nothing but water and twenty that 
drank wine, beer and brandy. At the end 
of twenty days the work done was meas- 
ured. The workmen who drank strong 
liquors did the best for the first six days ; 
then there was a kind of period of reaction ; 
finally, the water-drinkers did at least three 
times the work of their rivals. The experi- 
ment was verified by exchanging the roles. 
The water-drinkers were made to adopt 
the alcoholic regimen for twenty days, and 
the wine-drinkers were put on clear water. 
This time, too, the water-consuming work- 
men ended by doing a quantity of_ work 
notably superior to that of the wine-drinkers. 
The conclusion naturally follows. For pro- 
longed effort the use of alcohol diminishes 
the muscular^ power; in other words, the 
human machine fed with water gives out 
more energy than with alcohol. From our 
point of view, not only is it necessary not 
to abuse it [wine] but not even to use it 
except as a medicine, and even then we 
must make choice of the particular wine 
we want. One person needs a certain kind 
of wine, and another a very different kind. 
The composition of wines is very variable, 
entirely apart from the proportion of alco- 
hol that they contain. There are acid wines, 
there are almost neutral wines, wines rich in 
iron, wines rich in tannin, wines contain- 
ing essences, wines that must be forbidden 
to nervous people, to rheumatics, to gouty 
persons, and to the stout, and wines that 
can be specially prescribed for the weak, 
the debilitated, neurasthenics, etc. The 
choice is more difficult than one would 
think, and no one but a physician, and a 
competent one, can say to the invalid, 'This 
wine is fitted for this case and that one 
for the other.' To select a wine at hap- 
hazard would have its inconveniences. So. 
when there is any doubt, it is best to 
remember that water is always ready to 
quench our thirst. . . . 

"In short, water is the natural drink. 
With the drinkers of wine, boor, cider, and 
all fermented drinks, there must come a 
time where the functions are modified and 
the nutrition is changed and impeded. . . . 
Hippocrates says*: 'Water, air and light.'" 



24 



World Book of Temperance. 



APPEAL TO THE CHURCH TO ADOPT MORAL REFORM, 



BY EX-SENATOR HENRY W. BLAIR 

The present seems to me to be a time 
for consultation among the forces which 
make for man in his conflict with alcohol. 
This conflict has been strong and deadly 
for a century. Alcohol is gaining upon 
man. What is to be done? 

Every great battle is necessarily a close 
one, and turns upon some decisive thing 
done at a critical time. Our faith in God 
and belief in the ultimate triumph of His 
cause even unto the ends of the earth in- 
volve the conclusion, that alcohol will be 
destroyed; but when? — and how? Evi- 
dently there must be some great change in 
the general plan of battle, or in the hand- 
ling of the forces, or in both ; and the 
whole future of the Temperance Reform 
must be seriously affected by what is or 
is not now done by us. 

There ought to be a council of war held, 
here and now. Mr. Lincoln, you know, 
found out gradually that he had a 
bigger job on his hands than he at first 
thought for. So did we all. So did the 
whole nation — both sides, for that matter. 
And something is accomplished when we 
find out just what we have got to do; for 
then, as Mr. Lincoln and the nation did, 
we will go to work and do it. 

Now there does not seem to me to be 
any right plan for the destruction of evils 
of alcohol but that of total abstinence for 
the individual and of absolute prohibition 
by the State, the nation and the world, f 
believe that 

A World-Embracing Plan is Needed. 

and that all the great agencies of Chris- 
tian civilization should combine and co- 
operate with each other like allied armies 
in continental wars. It was thus that the 
African slave trade was swept from the 
earth, and inasmuch as alcohol is now an 
article of universal production, interchange 
and consumption among all nations, and its 
transportation can be effectively con- 
trolled only by the combined action 
of the commercial powers, we must con- 
stantly aim to secure in all civilized na- 
tions that public sentiment and governmen- 
tal action covering the whole world, which 
we strive for with a special sense of re- 
sponsibility in our own country. 

The Pulpit the Real Leader. 

I think that any student of our history 
will admit that among organized bodies of 
men the pulpit has been the pioneer and 
principal promoter of the great steps taken 
bv our nation in civil, social and moral 



OF NEW II A All'S HIRE, U. S. A. 

reform. It is the business, as well as the 
inclination, of the American pulpit, to be 
right, and to be aggressive. Ever since 
the Revolutionary War the pulpit has 
been and now is the real leader of the 
American people, whenever they are led 
toward higher and better life. The pulpit 
largely inspires and controls the platform, 
the press, and all other agencies for good. 
With this power goes corresponding re- 
sponsibility. //, in the future, the Temper 
mice Reform is to be more fortunate than 
in the past, there must be more general, 
united and efficient action for its promo- 
tion by the pulpit than there has been in 
the past. 

Temperance Must Become as Much 
a Part of Church Work as Missions. 

The clergy of all denominations might 
well unite in one vast association (taking 
in lay persons of both sexes and of all be- 
liefs) for the prosecution of the Temper- 
ance Reform, the success of which is next 
to the success of godliness, and without 
which it is impossible to bring home to the 
individual man the truths of a religion 
which can exist only in a clear head and 
honest heart. If the pulpit regardless 
of denominational distinctions, would 
unite for the promotion of this great 
cause, and would make it a part of 
their primary work, support it by regu- 
lar presentation to their congregations, 
calling for contributions to its support, 
until they come to be as much a part 
of Christian voluntary taxation to be 
enforced by a sense of duty., as in the 
case with missionary and blble socie- 
ties and other general causes, the sup- 
port of which is recognized to be obliga- 
tory upon all who claim to live a prac- 
TICAL Christian life, the future of the 
Temperance Movement would be as sure 
as the triumph of the gospel by the 

SAME ETERNAL WORD OF GOD. And why, 

since the eradication of the influence of 
alcohol is a condition precedent to the tri- 
umph of Christianity — why, I ask, is it not 
the first duty of the pulpit to organize for 
Temperance Reform? 

More than half of the human race are 
under the control of governments founded 
upon the Christian faith, and it would not 
be many years before that faith would 
dominate the world if the pulpit would do 
for the temperance cause what it has done 
for the cause of missions at home and 
abroad. 





THERE CAME FORTH FIRE FROM BEFORE JEHOVAH, AND DEVOURED THEM.' 

God's Flaming Displeasure at Drink in the Church* 

Lev. 10 : i-ii. 

And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, 
took each of them his censer, and put fire 
therein, and laid incense thereon, and 
offered strange fire before Jehovah, which 
he had not commanded them. 2 And there 
came forth fire from before Jehovah, and 
devoured them, and they died before Je- 
hovah. ^3 Then Moses said unto Aaron, 
This is it that Jehovah spake, saying, I 
will be sanctified in them that come nigh 
me, and before all the people I will be glori- 
fied. And Aaron held his peace. 4 And 
Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the 
sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said 
unto them, Draw near, carry your brethren 
from before the sanctuary out of the camp. 
5 So they drew near, and carried them in 
their coats out of the camp, as Moses had 
said. 6 And Moses said unto Aaron, and 
unto Eleazar and unto Ifhamar, his sons, 



Let not the hair of your heads go loose, 
neither rend your clothes : that ye die not, 
and that he be not wroth with all the con- 
gregation: but let your brethren, the whole 
house of Israel, bewail the burning which 
Jehovah hath kindled. 7 And ye shall not 
go out from the door of the tent of meet- 
ing, lest ye die; for the anointing oil of 
Jehovah is upon you. And they did accord- 
to the word of Moses. 8 And Jehovah 
spake unto Aaron, saying, 9 Drink no 
wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy 
sons with thee, when ye go into the tent 
of meeting, that ye die not: it shall be 
a statute for ever throughout your gener- 
ations: 10 And that ye may make a dis- 
tinction between the holy and the common, 
and between the unclean and the clean ; 
11 and that ye may teach the children of 
Israel all the statutes which Jehovah hath 
spoken unto them by Moses. 



Golden Text: Drink no wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons zvith tlu 
ye go into (he tent of meeting. — Lev. 10: o. 



wtu 



26 



World Book of Temperance. 



For nearly a year Israel had lingered 
at Mount Sinai to be instructed of 
God as to morality and worship. The 
ritual that God had ordered in every 
part was to go into effect on the very 
day of the sad event we are about to 
study. Next to Aaron, the high priest, 
the most honorable part in that service 
was assigned to his sons, Nadab and 
Abihu. They had an opportunity 
such as seldom comes to young men. 
They had seen God's power in Egypt 
and at the Red Sea. They had eaten 
daily of the manna from Heaven. 
They had seen the law God had writ- 
ten in the tables of stone, and the 
judgments of God upon those who 
disobeyed it by worshiping the golden 
calf. They knew exactly what they 
were required to do in the important 
inauguration day of the new ritual 
of worship. They were to kindle the 
incense in their censers by taking 
coals from the altar of burnt-offer- 
ing. They disregarded this divine 
command, and put "strange fire" of 
unconsecrated coals in their censers. 
The offense was the more serious 
because God was teaching Israel the 
great lesson of obedience. 

It is probable that these reckless 
young men even entered the Most 
Holy Place, where God had said only 
the high priest should go, and he but 
once a year. As a fitting punishment 
the Shekinah flame "devoured them, 
and they died before the Lord." These 
young men, who should have given 
the people an example of obedience, 
were made an example of God's sure 
punishment of disobedience. 

Two dead men in the Holy of 
Holies! Such a sight was never seen 
before ! No one knew what had hap- 
pened, for Nadab and Abihu only had 
gone in. But when they did not come 
out, their father went in to see what 
had become of them. With a look of 
terror on his face, we see the high 



priest coming out to tell Moses what 
has happened. Aaron can make no 
excuse for his sons, so he has nothing 
to say. The people are overcome with 
terror, and it is so quiet, that in every 
part of the camp may be heard the 
voice of Moses, as he tells two men, 
who were in a way cousins to Nadab 
and Abihu, to go in and bring out the 
dead bodies and bury them. Aaron 
and his other two sons keep out of 
sight while this is being done, for so 
Moses had commanded. They are not 
allowed to attend the funeral, lest it 
should seem that they were honoring 
the two men who had so dishonored 
God. Moses had said to them, "If 
you come out of the door of the Taber- 
nacle to see the dead men carried out, 
you shall die also." 

How could they so foolishly, as well 
as wickedly, spoil careers that would 
have led to highest honor and useful- 
ness? The answer is in the moral 
God puts on the story, showing plainly 
that it was wine that made them 
wreck their lives. He said to Aaron 
after the tragedy : "Drink no wine nor 
strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with 
thee, when ye go into the Tabernacle." 

Alas! that is the moral of many 
a church tragedy, many a home 
tragedy in our day, that might have 
been prevented if heed had been given 
to the warning, "Wine is a mocker, 
strong drink is raging; whosoever is 
deceived thereby is not wise." 

The story suggests the following 
topics : i . Intoxicants lead to sacri- 
lege. 2. Intoxicants sadden the home. 

Illustration and Application* 

Our lesson story tells the beginning 
of the long warfare, not yet ended, 
to drive drink from the Church. 
When that is done, it is quite possible 
to drive it from the world, for drunk- 
enness, as the Mohammedan says, is 
"a Christian sin," that is, this vice is 
mostly found in so-called "Christian 



God's Flaming Displeasure at Drink in the Church. 



2; 



lands," and others to which Christian 
nations have sent it. Christian citi- 
zens are the most influential people in 
their own countries, commercially, 
socially and politically, and could com- 
pel these countries to suppress the 
drink curse. If we could get drink out 
of the Church, we might join with 
the total abstinence religions in a 
world-wide war of extermination 
against the drinking usages. The 

SUPREME REFORM IS TO ENLIST THE 

Church in reform. In order to do 
that, we must get the enemy on the 
outside. 

"Church Saloons/' 

That "rum and religion won't mix" 
was the emphatic testimony of the 
manager of the famous "Subway 
Saloon" of New York City, which 
was opened by men who argued that 
the best way to fight "bad saloons" 
was by substituting a "good saloon," 
where men would be urged to drink 
only in moderation. In spite of this 
signal failure there are some who still 
argue for "church saloons," with the 
idea that it is not the alcohol but the 
environment in which it is commonly 
sold that ruins men. But all who are 
abreast with the latest scientific stud- 
ies of alcohol know that it inflames 
evil passions wherever and by whom- 
soever sold. The spirituous is the 
opposite of the spiritual. "Be not 
overcome of wine, but be filled with 
the Spirit." "Liquor is the devil's 
way into a man, and a man's way to 
the devil." 

Surely no Christian has a right to 
do what, if all the world followed 
his example, as some are sure to do, 
would produce more harm than good. 

In this lesson we read of God's very 
first battle with drink in the Church, 
and it was a deadly one for the 



drunken young priests who that day 
fell beneath God's thunderbolts of 
wrath. 

This drunken sacrilege is in accord 
with the history of drink ever since 
(Isa. 28: 7). Drink and profanity 
are ever boon companions. Not alone 
the sacred Name but the sacred JDay 
is constantly profaned by those who 
have to do with drink. And we must 
also include in the sacred vessels that 
drink desecrates the sacred marriage 
tie. 

The supreme lesson of this story of 
young priests ruined by drink is that 
alcohol has no business inside the 
Church, whether in pulpit or pew. I 
do not mean the "meeting house" only, 
but the Church built of living stones, 
all dedicated to God's service. Let 
no Church think it enough to con- 
demn drunkenness. The liquor deal- 
ers do that much in every national 
convention. 

Let us not put more into our Bible 
lesson for to-day than belongs there. 
The virtues of total abstinence and 
prohibition had not yet been fully 
revealed. For clear teachings on those 
virtues we must look into later por- 
tions of the Bible and into the newest 
testament of modern history, in which 
God is still speaking to men. Words 
could not more plainly condemn our 
license system than the curse Isaiah 
pronounces against those who "justify 
the wicked for a reward" (Isa. 5: 
23). And Habakkuk's "Woe unto 
him that giveth his neighbor drink" 
(Hab. 2: 15) forbids not only liquor 
selling but treating, and that, too, 
whether the treating be done in a 
saloon, or at a social reception, or 
a private dinner. And total abstinence 
could hardly be expressed more 
strongly than in the command, "Look- 
not thou upon the wine when it is 



28 



World Book of Temperance. 



red" (Prov. 23: 31), and "Abstain 
from every form of evil" (1 Thess. 5 : 
22, Revision). Thousands of churches 
have rallied about these Bible stand- 
ards of total abstinence. The churches 
most advanced in temperance not only 
exclude liquor dealers from member- 
ship, but require ministers and mem- 
bers alike to abstain. This is the 
position of all Methodist churches in 
the United States. Other churches 
are in different stages of progress, 
but all are marching toward univer- 
sal abstinence. Ministerial drinking, 
almost universal a century ago despite 
the plain implications of the command 
to Aaron and his priesthood, is giv- 
ing place to total abstinence, and this 
lesson ma_y well hasten that forward 
movement. 

A wine glass in a pulpit is "strange 
fire" indeed! Few churches would 
tolerate it. A British Methodist 
preacher, the author of a book on 
spiritual fire, preaching in a pulpit 
where the writer of these lines in 
previous years had often proclaimed 
the Christian duty of abstinence, 
placed a wine glass beside the pulpit 
believing the lying promise of the 
"mocker" that it - would give him 
strength and inspiration. The people 
saw with surprise and indignation the 
"strange fire" and cared not a whit 
for the sermon whose message that 
dash of red had killed, as one picture 
sometimes kills another in an art 
gallery. A Scotch Presbyterian 
preacher, serving a prominent Ameri- 
can church, said at a Burns' banquet 
that a Scotchman was the only man 
that could carry his Bible and bot- 
tle together and not get them mixed; 
but he got his mixed, and went 
from that pulpit to an inebriate asy- 
lum. Both these preachers are now 
happily exceptional cases, whereas a 
hundred years ago neither incident 
would have prompted special remark. 
But even this lesson, by fair impli- 



cation, goes beyond abstinence Iok 
preachers on duty. If wine is unbe- 
coming in the pulpit, so is it also in 
the parsonage. If a minister's brain 
should not be fuddled when he 
preaches his sermon, no more should 
it be when he prepares it. And what 
a layman sees to be unChristian in a 
preacher must be so in every Chris- 
tian. "Abstain from every form of 
evil" is the divine order for us all. 
In Washington the writer, at a 
college banquet, sat opposite a mis- 
sionary who said he "drank only at 
banquets." That would not necessi- 
tate long abstinence in these days. 
Beside him sat an elder who allowed 
wine to be poured into his glasses, but 
did not drink it. Only one at this 
Greek-letter banquet set his wine 
glasses right side up — that is, up side 
down. 

Drink Saddens the Home* 

Who can measure the sorrow of 
Aaron and his wife at the death of 
their sons? If these sons had died in 
the path of duty, it would have been 
sad enough ; but when the sons of 
good parents die in disgraceful sin, 
that is sorrow upon sorrow. Such 
sorrows, which parents can speak of 
only to God, and which put a per- 
petual shadow into homes that should 
be centres of light and joy, come from 
youths tampering with liquors more 
than all things else. 

Nadab and Abihu might as well 
have stabbed their father and mother 
as bring into their home that trilogy 
of sorrow and shame and death that 
drink has since so often repeated, even 
in Christian homes. To be doubly 
bereaved so suddenly was a heavy 
grief ; but to have their sons die in 
drunken sacrilege, that was heart- 
breaking indeed, and every drinker 
takes the risk of bringing such shame 
to his loved ones. 



God's Flaming Displeasure at Drink in the Church, 



29 



Shakespeare makes King Lear say : 

"How sharper than a serpent's tooth to 
have a thankless child!" 

But sharper yet in the hearts of 
parents is the fang and pang of 
drunkenness in a son or daughter. 

The horrible fruit of liquor was re- 
vealed in the juvenile court of 
Chicago, when a probation officer 
presented to the judge a four-year-old 
boy who was a confirmed drunkard. 
The father -and mother of the child 
had separated. The mother • had 
placed her baby in the care of a friend, 
who betrayed her trust and taught the 
child to drink, because he acted so 
funny when drunk. It was stated that 
the child had (acquired such an appe- 
tite for liquor that he called for it as 
soon as he awoke from sleep, and 
could not get enough. It is even a 
worse case when a father has taught 
his own child to drink, by his example 
or otherwise. 

Some time ago the body of a young 
man was found in the River Mersey, 
near Liverpool. In his vest pocket 
was a piece of paper on which was 
written, "Ask not my name. Let me 
rot. It is drink which brought me 
here." The coroner was so touched 
with the tragedy that he published a 
description of the unfortunate youth, 
and his farewell message to the world. 
At the end of three days he had re- 
ceived three hundred letters from as 
many parents all over the country, 
making inquiries as to certain marks 
of identification, that each might know 
if it was, or was not, his boy who 
had come to such an untimely end. 

In a report of the New York City 
Mission, a story is told of a poor 



woman who stood one Sunda) even 
ing looking from her window in the 
fifth story of a tenement house, down 
into the dark court below. She was 
a drunkard's wife, and she had gone 
to the window with the half- formed 
purpose of throwing herself out to 
end her wretched existence. The 
children, clinging to her skirts, were 
all that prevented her from carrying 
out her intention. Suddenly a cross 
of fire seemed to spring out of the 
dark sky. "It is a. vision of hope, the 
voice of God!" she exclaimed. She 
pointed it out to her children. And 
through the long evening the miser- 
able little group sat watching the fiery 
symbol of God's redeeming love 
standing out against the black sky. 
On inquiry, she learned the next morn- 
ing that it was the cross crowning 
the steeple of a city mission church. 
There she went the next Sunday night 
and found the Saviour. Soon after 
her imbruted husband was converted, 
and they are now living the new life. 

"I sat alone with my conscience 

In a place where time had ceased, 
And we talked of my former living 

In the land where the years increased. 
The ghosts of forgotten actions 

Came floating before my sight, 
And things that I thought were dead things 

Were alive with a terrible might. 

"The vision of all my past life 
Was an awful thing to face, 
Alone with my conscience sitting 
In that silently solemn place. 

"And now alone with my conscience 

In the place where the years increase, 
I try to recall that future 

In the land where time will cease, 
And I know of the future judgment 

How dreadful soe'er it be 
To sit alone with my conscience 

Will be judgment enough for me." 



See Class Pledge, page 12S. 



30 



World Book of Temperance 



AFTERMATH. 

"For the drunkard and the glutton 
shall come to poverty" (Prov. 23: 20, 
21). This old, old story of rum and 
rags comes very near to a man when 
the drunkenness of some relative puts 
a whole family on him for support. 
The slums lead a few to rum — that is 
the quarter truth in Henry George's 
view that drunkenness is the result of 
poverty — but three-fourths of the 
dependents were made so by some- 
body's drinking, by which he first 
wasted his money, and then lost his 
chance to earn it. Here it is appro- 
priate to set before the boys the tre- 
mendous argument for abstinence 
from the new policy of railroads, which 
have lost so much by accidents, due 
to drink, that they now generally 
require abstinence in their employees, 
as is seen in the following summary 
of replies made in 1901 by forty-nine 
railroads, to inquiries as to what their 
rules were as to hiring drinking men. 
"Total abstinence on or off duty was 
required by the rules of twenty of 
these roads; two declared they will 
not employ a man who drinks, if they 
know it; four declared total absti- 
nence necessary to safety in operating 
the road, while nineteen gave the pref- 
erence to teetotalers in promotions, so 
that practically all of the railroads of 
the country adhered to the total absti- 
nence standard. Of the forty-nine 
replies, only two had rules merely 
against "intemperance." Every year 
since railroads have taken stronger 
grounds for abstinence. 

In these days, when it is often hard 
to find employment, no boy can afford 
to make his chances less by a habit 
which in more than half the industrial 
establishments of the United States, 
as the United Bureau of Labor has 
shown, will be counted against him. 



"Who hath 


woe? 




Who hath 


sorrow? 




Who hath 


contentions? 




Who hath 


babbling? 




Who hath 


wounds without 


cause? 


Who hath redness of eyes? 




They that tarry long at the 


wine." 



These words have been called 'The 
drunkard's looking-glass." I fear he does 
not look into it very often, because it is to 
be found in the Bible. 

When he does look, he will discover that 
he has heart disease — "sorrow." 

He has something worse than Saint 
Vitus' dance in his arms and legs, for 
when he is not reeling about, he is pretty 
sure to be kicking and fighting. 



Mr, W. M. Ferguson, in "National Pro- 
hibitionist,' - Sept. 17, 1908: "The moral life 
of a nation is infinitely more important than 
the conservation of its resources, the ex- 
pansion of its territory or the development 
of its commerce. A nation may be poor 
but great and enduring. A nation that is 
immoral is doomed to overthrow and 
oblivion. The immoral taint of the drink 
traffic poisons all our national life. Not 
only does it create a great army of drunk- 
ards, of whose powers for progress the 
body politic is robbed, and who become a 
mill-stone upon the nations neck; not only 
does it blight innumerable homes^ and de- 
prive uncounted thousands of children of 
the opportunities of life and happiness, but 
it degrades all our moral standards; it dulls 
our moral perception ; it vitiates cur moral 
aspirations : it makes us a nation of saloon- 
keepers, with the consciences and moral 
standards of saloonkeepers in public mat- 
ters." 



Prohibition for twenty-five days, from 
May 1, 1908, in Worcester, Mass., makes 
a remarkable showing. The total number 
of arrests for drunkenness in this city of 
140,000 for the twenty-five days, May 1 to 
25, 1907, under license, was 356. _ For the 
twenty-five days under Prohibition, May 
1 to 25, 1908, the arrests for drunkenness 
were 73. The arrests for individual days 
have already frequently shown still more 
astonishing variations. For the twenty- 
four hours ending Tuesday, May 26, 1908, 
at 1 a. m., there was only one arrest for 
drunkenness recorded, as compared with 
twenty-two arrests for drunkenness last 
year during the same twenty-four hours 
under license. 



Have We Bible Warrant for Wine Drinking? 



31 



HAVE WE BIBLE WARRANT FOR WINE DRINKING? 



(FROM LEAFLET OF PRESBYTERIAN TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE., 

JAMES WALLACE, PH.D., LL.D.) 



BY PRESIDENT 



In interpreting the teachings of the Bible, 
especially as they have to do with social 
customs and institutions, it is necessary to 
observe certain important rules of interpre- 
tation. Among these are the following: 

(1) All Scripture must be interpreted 
with reference to the time and country in 
which, people for whom, and immediate 
object for which, it was written. 

(2) What is local and transient must 
be carefully distinguished from what is 
general and permanent. 

(3) As the Bible is a progressive reve- 
lation, its final attitude toward any ques- 
tionable social custom or institution must be 
determined, if possible, by its fundamental 
teachings at a period of most complete 
development. 

The violation of one or all of these rules 
of interpretation has wrought untold injury 
to the cause of truth. Human slavery was 
defended on supposedly Scriptural grounds, 
the temporary regulations of Moses being 
allowed to obscure such a general principle 
as, "Whatsoever ye would that men should 
do to you, do ye even so to them." The 
Mormons exalt the example of the old patri- 
archs above the great law of monogamy 
that runs through the entire Bible. The ab- 
solutism of the Jewish kings furnished argu- 
ments for the divine right of kings, the 
fundamental principle of human equality 
being overlooked or ignored. Thus, too, 
has_ the Christian liberty of women been 
abridged by some who have exalted Paul's 
instructions to some of his converts, above 
the fundamental fact of her spiritual 
equality. 

The Ancient Problem versus The 

Modern, 

In the same fashion are the teachings of 
Scripture in regard to the use of intoxi- 
cants often perverted. Keeping in mind 
the first rule of interpretation, let us notice 
the marked differences between the tem- 
perance question of the ancient Jews and 
that of the people of to-day. 



(1) The process of distillation was not 
discovered till about the seventh century 
after Christ. We must, therefore, eliminate 
from the list of intoxicants known to the 
ancient Jews, all the distilled liquors, such 
as whiskey, gin, rum and brandy. 

(2) There is no proof that the Jews 
used or knew how to make ale or beer. If 
they had such knowledge, the warm climate 
rendered it difficult to make these drinks 
and impracticable to keep them constantly 
on hand, since the day of ice houses and 
refrigerators had not yet arrived. Hence 
we may feel sure that ale, beer, porter and 
the like played little or no part in the evils 
of intemperance among the ancient Jews. 
The words "beer" and "ale" are not found 
in the English Bible, nor do the Hebrew 
and Greek of the Old and New Testament 
contain their exact equivalents. That a 
drink made of barley, as Herodotus tells us, 
was used by the ancient Egyptians, is not 
proof that it was also a Jewish drink. 

(3) What is termed "strong drink" in 
the English^ Bible ^ (Hebrew, shekar)^ is 
always mentioned side by side with wine, 
and there _ is no evidence that it was 
more intoxicating, though it was probably 
stronger to the taste. Its composition is 
not certain, but it was probably made from 
the juices of fruits or of grains more or 
less fermented and mixed with honey or 
spices. From Isaiah 5 : 22 it is clear that 
it was a mixed drink, and from Isaiah 24: 
9, that it was normally sweet. That it 
had no such prominent place as an article 
of drink as wine, appears from the fact 
that while the common words for wine are 
found 181 times in the Bible, shekar 
("strong drink" or mead\ occurs but 
twenty-four times. It is worthy of note 
that in Ezekiel's remarkable description 
(ch. 27) of the^ merchandise of ancient 
Tyre, "strong drink'' is not mentioned at 
all, and wine but once. 

(4) There was a very meagre knowl- 
edge of chemistry among the ancients, and 
hence adulteration could not have been 
practiced as it is among civilized nations 
to-day. Tt is morally certain that the wine 



32 



World Book of Temperance. 



of the ancient Jews, like that of the peas- 
ants in Mediterranean countries to this 
day, was a pure wine. It is a notorious 
fact that adulteration of drinks is now car- 
ried on to an alarming extent. 

(5) The venders of intoxicants among 
the ancient Jews had no organized political 
influence, had no vast amounts of capital 
invested in saloons, breweries and distil- 
leries, and did not seek to control legisla- 
tion in their own behalf, as do their suc- 
cessors in recent times. The organization 
of the liquor traffic as now effected has 
added enormously to its power for evil. 

(6) The Jewish race has never been so 
addicted to intemperance as the Anglo- 
Saxon. This is a well-known fact. In the 
recent work, "Economic Aspects of the 
Liquor Question," prepared by the Com- 
mittee of Fifty, new evidence of this fact 
is furnished, and it is declared that "the 
Hebrew race is noted for its sobriety, the 
world over." Though often living in the 
lowest social strata in our cities and ex- 
posed to the temptations of the drink traf- 
fic, but few Jews become 'habitual drunk- 
ards. 

(7) The milder climates of Palestine 
and the easy-going life of its people, ren- 
dered the 'use of intoxicants far less tempt- 
ing and perilous than the stimulating cli- 
mates and the more strenuous life of 
northern Europe and America. 

(8) Then, too, wine and "strong 
drink" were relatively much more expen- 
sive than in _ modern times. The Jewish 
peasant lived in very humble circumstances 
and his income was pitifully small. Cheap 
as wine was, it was too dear and too im- 
portant a source of income for the fam- 
ily, to be used with unrestrained freedom. 
To this day in the Levant the peasantry, 
as a class, are enforced by the demands of 
rigid economy to a very moderate use of 
wine. Hence, as Dr. Beecher truly says 
(see the new Hastings Bible Dictionary, 
sub. Drunkeness), "in a large majority of 
the passages in the Bible that speak of 
this matter, drunkenness is explicitly 
spoken of as the vice of the wealthy." A 
study of the text and context of passages 
that denounce drunkenness shows that it 
was very largely confined to the rich and to 
the upper classes of society. All things 
considered, it is probably quite within the 
truth to affirm that wine in ancient times 
cost ten times as much, relatively, as it 
does now. Dr. Beecher puts it even more 
strongly, suggesting that the price of 



enough wine or beer to make a man drunk 
was equal to half a month's wages. 

General Conclusions, 

The above comparisons justify the infer- 
ence that the drink problem of the ancient 
Jews was very simple and insignificant 
compared with that of modern times; that, 
all the facts considered, strongly as drunk- 
enness is denounced in the Bible, the evils 
of intemperance were immeasurably less 
than among the Anglo-Saxon nations of 
to-day. 

A careful survey of ail the references in 
the Bible to this subject leads to these con- 
clusions. 

(1) Wine among the ancient Jews was 
a staple article of food, like grain, oil and 
milk, and in the Bible its general use_ is 
taken for granted. It was believed to give 
good cheer (Ps. 104: 15), and a good crop 
of wine, like other good crops, was indica- 
tive of God's blessing. (Deut. 7: 13; Prov. 
3: 10.) 

(2) Though its use is thus taken for 
granted, it was not encouraged, except as 
a tonic or medicine. (1 Tim. 5 : 23 ; Prov. 
3i: 6, 7-) 

A Most Important Principle of Con- 
duct. 

But the Bible has a still clearer message 
on this subject than in the facts and prin- 
ciples set forth above. There is a hint of 
it in Levit. 19: 14. "Thou shalt not put 
a stumbling block before the blind ;" and in 
I'sa. 57: 14. "Take up the stumbling block 
out of the way of my people." Much more 
pointedly did Jesus enunciate the same 
truth. He pronounced woes upon those by 
whom offenses (causes of stumbling) came. 
(See also Rom. 14: 21,) 

Application to the Problem of To-day. 

What great social^ wrong has not found 
defenders, often ministers, to quote the 
Bible in its support? If Christ were now 
among us, there is no doubt He would 
send forth the forked lightnings of His 
wrath against these modern _ literalistic 
Pharisees, with even more fiery indignation 
than He did against those of old, who, by 
misinterpretation, make the law of God of 
no effect. . . . 

Total abstinence, then, I believe to be 
the Biblical law of conduct for the Chris- 
tian of to-day. We must avoid being 
stumbling blocks, as both Christ and Paul 
have plainly taught, and total abstinence 
is the only way of doing this. 

As FUNDAMENTAL JUSTICE APPROVES PRO- 
HIBITION, SO FUNDAMENTAL BIBLICAL PRIN- 
CIPLES COMMEND TOTAL ABSTINENCE. 



The Nazarite Pledge, "Limited/* the First of 

Temperance Pledges* 



Numbers 6: 1-6. 



i And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying, 

2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and 
say unto them, When either man or woman 
shall make a special vow, the vow of a 
Nazarite, to separate himself unto Jehovah, 

3 he shall separate himself from wine and 
strong drink; he shall drink no vinegar of 
wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither 
shall he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat 
fresh grapes or dried. 4 All the days of 



his separation shall he eat nothing that is 
made of the grape-vine, from the kernels 
even to the husk. 5 All the days of his 
vow of separation there shall no razor 
come upon his head: until the days be ful- 
filled in which he separateth himself unto 
Jehovah, he shall be holy; he shall let the 
locks of the hair of his head grow long. 
6 All the days that he separateth himself 
unto Jehovah he shall not come near to a 
dead body. 



Golden Text: Come ye out from among them and be ye separate, saith the Lord, 
and touch no unclean thing, and I will receive you. — 2 Cor. 6: 17. 



The story of the Nazarite pledge 
has never been assigned as a quar- 
terly temperance lesson for Sunday- 
schools in the International Series, 
probably because the Lesson Com- 
mittee has felt that the average 
teacher has not been supplied with 
sufficient help to show the value of 
such a qualified abstinence. We shall 
try to show that the Nazarite vow, 
frankly studied in its limitations, is 
an instructive step in the gradual 
evolution of total abstinence. 

Our lesson is located where? In 
the plain before Sinai. When? Dur- 
ing the time of the giving of God's 
law, when "the Mount burned with 
fire" as a picture of God's wrath and 
of the ~ purifying Spirit He will send 
into all hearts conscious of sin and 
willing to be purged. It is significant 
that the laws in the previous chapter 
are flaming condemnations of adultery 
and other forms of impurity, whose 
relation to wine, as of effect to cause, 
had already been shown in the cases 
of Noah, Lot, and others. The 
thought back of this vow manifestly 
is that the man who is deeply con- 
cerned to be pure should make sure 



that he will not take anything that 
can possibly intoxicate. The vow 
covered everything that is even un- 
der suspicion, including not only fer- 
mented wine, but all its family rela- 
tions. This was the more natural 
because fermentation was not then 
understood. Even now it is under- 
stood by few that ferments are one 
of the newly-discovered races of mi- 
crobes, and that they get into fruits 
and grains when the protecting skin 
is broken and gorge themselves on the 
juices, leaving their own liquid ex- 
crement called alcohol in exchange. 
Now let the informed poet try to sing 
of "the ruby wine," or enjoy it if he 
can. And to-day there is danger from 
the so-called "temperance beer" and 
"near beer" that are' sent so abun- 
dantly wherever Prohibition has won. 
The Nazarite pledge, to express it in 
modern phraseology, included "near 
beer" in order to be absolutely safe. 

What, exactly, was provided for in 
the Mosaic law as to Nazarites? 

Individuals ambitious to be holy 
were permitted, not required, to take 
a certain prescribed pledge of ab- 
stinence from wine and grapes in 



34 



World Book of Temperance. 



every form for such a period as they 
might choose — it was seldom for life 
— and to proclaim their vow by long 
hair as a badge. 

Some have called the Nazarites 
"the First Temperance Society," but 
that is incorrect, for Nazarites did 
not hold meetings to encourage each 
other and rally others to their cause. 
It was not even a monastic order, 
but an individual "order of life," an- 
alogous to the act of those who to- 
day take the pledge for a year, or 
abstain from liquors and tobacco and 
coffee and pie while training for an 
athletic event. The Nazarites were 
training for moral excellence. After 
they have completed the specified 
period of self-denial the Mosaic law 
specifically says that they "may 
drink wine" (Num. 6: 20). 

Previously, because of the drunken 
sacrilege of the two priests, Nadab 
and Abihu, all priests had been put 
under compulsory total abstinence in 
the very law of God. And surely, if 
intoxicating beverages were danger- 
ous for priests then and were, there- 
fore, prohibited, that law should have 
been regarded as binding on all min- 
isters in all centuries and countries. 
But in the very story of the Nazar- 
ites these laymen are told that after 
their vow is fulfilled they may drink. 
Here is a real Bible difficulty that 
we should face without evasion. 

"Two Kinds of Wine"- and 
More* 

As the very pledge of the Nazarite 
includes the two kinds of Bible wine, 
fermented and unfermented, and al- 
most every other original word trans- 
lated "wine" in the Bible, this is the 
very place to meet squarely the dif- 
ficulty presented in the fact that, 
while some Bible passages — such as 
constitute most of the lessons in this 
book— discountenance the drinking of 
wine, other passages seem to permit 
and commend the use of wine. 



Let us, first of all, sweep away 
certain irrelevant passages, sometimes 
cited to prove that "the Bible approves 
wine drinking." To prove that only 
didactic teachings of the inspired 
writers can properly be cited. It is 
irrelevant to say that Abraham, Isaac 
and Jacob used wine, for none of 
them were Bible writers, and no one 
claims inspiration for the conduct 
even of Bible writers, some of whom 
also used wine. The difficulty in 
Abraham's using wine, in spite of 
its bad effect on Noah, which should 
have warned him, is of the same sort 
as the difficulty we find in his polyg- 
amy and slaveholding. To such cases 
it is appropriate to apply that phrase 
of large charity, "the arrest of thought 
has not come," used by Dr. Frances 
E. Willard, so long leader of the 
Woman's Christian Temperance 
Union, for those who in some Euro- 
pean countries set beer or wine at 
every plate, even for a Young Men's 
Christian Association banquet or for 
a church dedication. It is yet more 
appropriate to say, "the arrest of 
thought had not come" of those great 
and good men of Bible times who had 
not learned total abstinence, which, 
however, had more distinguished ad- 
vocates and exemplars in Palestine 
than it ever had in any other land 
down to the nineteenth Christian cen- 
tury, including Samson, Samuel, Jona- 
dab, Solomon, Isaiah, Daniel, Hab- 
akkuk, John the Baptist, Peter and 
Paul. 

Another class of passages to be 
switched on a side track as not per- 
tinent to the main question, the use of 
intoxicants for a beverage, is the 
medicinal group. It is most imper- 
tinent for a bloated barkeeper or a 
tippling preacher to cite Paul's medi- 
cal hint to Timothy to "take a little 
wine for his stomach's sake and for 
his often infirmities" (1 Tim, 5: 23). 
Those who cite this passage are sel- 
dom those who "take a little," or take 



The N'azarite Pledge, "Limited;' Hirst of Temperance Pledges. 35 



it for medicinal purposes, though they 
sometimes hypocritically try to per- 
suade themselves and others that 
"health" and not. fuddle is their ob- 
ject. Whether the time has come for 
total abstinence to be extended to 
medicines is to be .separately consid- 
ered. Milk and hot water and other 
substitutes are now used in the great 
hospitals in such cases as were sup- 
posed to require alcohol in former 
years. But no one has yet claimed 
that God should have inspired phy- 
sicians that they might from the first 
be free from imperfection, and when 
the beneficent discovery of alcoholic 
anesthetics was yet in the far future, 
the recommendation of alcohol in 
other forms to dull the pain of the 
dying can hardly be considered as in- 
consistent with a progressive revela- 
tion. This remark may lessen if it 
does not remove the difficulty in the 
words of Solomon, "Give strong drink 
unto him that is ready to perish" 
(Prov. 31: 6), which must be inter- 
preted in harmony with his great ex- 
hortation, "Look not thou upon the 
wine when it is red" (Prov. 23: 31). 

There are many passages in which 
"wine" is spoken of favorably, in 
which the original word is tirosh, 
which all admit to mean "new 
wine," that is, unfermented grape 
juice, which is still much used in the 
Orient. The "two-wine theory," how- 
ever, claims too much in saying that 
the Bible always commends tirosh, 
and ^always condemns yayin. Tirosh 
is, indeed, only once condemned, in 
Hos. 4: 11, where it is named with 
yayin and sensuality in a triumvirate 
of evil influences, and Acts 2: 13 also 
suggests the possibility of danger 
even in half- fermented drinks. 

Having swept aside as irrelevant, 
or free from difficulties, all references 
to wine as used by Bible characters 
and medical references, and references 
to new wine, let us face the real dif- 



ficulties, which are represented b) 
four verses following : 

Exodus 29: 40: "And the drink 
offering thereof shall be of wine" 
(yayin). 

Numbers 6: 20: "After that the 
Nazarite may drink wine" (yayin). 

Psalm 104: 14, 15: "Jehovah . . . 
causeth the grass to grow . . . . 
that He may bring forth food out of 
the earth, and wine (yayin) that 
maketh glad the heart of man." 

John 2 : 1-10 : "Jesus turned water 
into wine" (onios). 

The key to these difficulties is in two 
utterances of Christ. He said that 
Moses tolerated lax divorce tempo- 
rarily because of the "hardness" — that 
is, the imperfect development — "of 
the people's hearts" (Matt. 19 : 8), and 
He intimated that there were other 
evils to which the great principles of 
religion could not be applied even in 
New Testament times, when He said, 
"I have many things to say unto you, 
but ye cannot bear them now" (John 
16: 12). He has been saying two of 
those things in our day : Emancipa- 
tion and Prohibition, both direct out- 
growths of Christ's fundamental 
teachings, for which the world was 
not ready till the nineteenth century. 
"The time of our ignorance God 
winked at," but now He co'm'mandeth 
all the governments that license so 
manifest an evil as the liquor traffic 
to repent. 

As the Mosaic law tolerated and 
mitigated by regulations both slavery 
and polygamy when even good men 
were not ready for their abolition, 
so wine drinking was tolerated and 
mitigated in the same law. When 
bread and wine were the common 
staples of food bread and wine were 
naturally the two parts of an offer- 
ing to God, representing His crops of 
grain and grapes, and the usual fur- 
nishings of the table. When complete 
abstinence, except for priests, could 



36 



World Book of Temperance. 



not be secured, partly because the 
drink evil in that age was less alarm- 
ing than now, temporary abstinence 
by a Nazarite vow was encouraged. 

The progressive and partly human 
character of God's revelation may ex- 
plain, in part at least, the fact that 
David speaks of the same drink as 
making "glad; 1 '' which his son, Solo- 
mon, more experienced in such mat- 
ters, declares to be the fountain of 
"woe" and "sorrow." 

As to Jesus making wine, which 
may also be explained why He was 
charged with being a "wine-bibber" 
(Matt, ii : 19), it may not be enough 
to say that it certainly was not made 
by fermentation; that it may have 
been only new wine ; that we are no 
more bound to drink wine, if He did, 
than to eat barley bread because He 
did; that in any case there is none of 
His wine, whatever it was, in the 
market. It is more appropriate to say 
that, though Christ may have toler- 
ated the use of wine when drunken- 
ness was so small an evil that He 
refers to it but once, the present 
drinking usages and the present drink 
traffic is as opposite to the funda- 
mental teachings of Christ as mid- 
night is opposite to noon, and that 
it is the very people who have most 
fully absorbed the spirit of Christ 
who are seeking the suppression of 
tihe drink evil. 

Let Our Drink Be Above Sus- 
picion* 

Not alone Bible principles, but 
many Bible passages, point out the 
evil influence of drink, and suggest 
lessons still profitable for instruction, 
for correction in righteousness. 

This story of the Nazarites, for ex- 
ample, though no one will urge that 
we should abstain from grapes (God's 
own wine-bottles), does suggest that 
we should make our practice, if not 
our pledge, rule out every drink that 



is to-day under suspicion. Many of 
us know what mischief has been done 
by making an exception in pledges 
for "new cider," which can be had 
now only at the cider press, as fer- 
mentation begins when any fruit is 
crushed. Wherever prohibition tri- 
umphs there comes in such devices 
as "Uno beer," meaning beer with 
only one per cent, alcohol, or "near 
beer," both manufactured by tihe out- 
cast brewers to hold some of the lost 
trade, and so needing constant watch- 
ing. 

The soda fountain, with its juices 
of cocaine mistaken for harmless 
cocoa and other abuses, also needs 
watching. In Iowa and other States 
the attempt to exempt "native wine" 
from the operations of prohibition 
have proved a total failure in two 
ways : First, in that the people have 
found that alcohol "makes the drunk 
come," whether it be in native or im- 
ported drinks; and, second, in that 
those who sell "native wine" and 
other so-called "temperance drinks" 
are very prone to sell >stronger drinks, 
or even to put alcohol in the "soft 
drinks," in spite of any law to the 
contrary. 

Let children be taught that water 
and milk, the drinks that God made, 
the only drinks allowed to athletes 
training for victory, are drinks good 
enough for anyone. Tell a strong 
boy wanting to drink coffee, only to 
imitate some older person, that coffee 
is a crutch. What does a strong boy 
need of a crutch? A stimulant is a 
whip. What does a good horse or 
a manly boy need of a whip? 

We would not put any but intoxi- 
cating drinks into a pledge, much less 
prohibit any others by law, but the 
Nazarite of to-day will avoid all stim- 
ulants and sedatives because of the 
wisdom of Isaac Newton's great 
saying : 

"I make myself no necessities." 



Bee Class Pledge, page 128. 



HOW GOD'S FRUITS AND GRAINS ARE TURNED INTO THE 

DEVIL'S ALCOHOL. 

By Mrs. Edith Smith Davis, A.M., Lit.D., 

Director of the Bureau of Scientific Temperance Investigation aud Superintendent of the 

Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, World's and National .Woman's 
Christian Temperance Union. 



God gives His fruits and grains to build 
up the human body. He furnishes water, 
because man's body is very like this great 
earth of ours, three-fourths of it water, 
and therefore needs a constant supply. We 
know that God intended water for man's 
use since everything living requires, it from 
the lowest plant to the highest animal, man. 
Our Heavenly Father gives us not only 
what the body needs, but what it may en- 
joy as well. He paints the flowers, fruits 
and grains so that they are beautiful to the 
eye as well as useful to the body. He gives 
them a delicate odor to appeal to the sense 
of smell. He also flavors them to appeal 
to the sense of taste. But everything that 
He gives to His children is to build them 
up. Fruits and grains are for the build- 
ing up, not the tearing down of the body. 

USES OF GRAINS AND FRUITS. 

Wheat — flour — bread. 

Corn — meal — corn-cake. 

Grapes — grape- juice — grape- jelly. 

Apples — apple-juice — apple-jelly. 

Fruit juice is good when it is fresh from 
the fruit. If one wishes to keep apple juice 
or grape juice for future use, it may be 
boiled, bottled while boiling hot, sealed to 
exclude the air, and it will be a wholesome 
and nourishing drink: We say that these 
changes in grain and fruits are natural. 
But we may have chemical changes. Bar- 
ley contains sugar. Soak it in water for- 
ty-eight hours and spread it out in a cool 
place and it begins to sprout. Dry it then 
and roast it and you will have malt. Crush 
this malt and put hot water on it and you 
will have sweet water, or sweetwort, as it 
is called. This sweet water may be boiled 
with some hops in it to make it bitter. 
There is no alcohol, as yet, present in the 
mixture. We must add yeast in order to 
get alcohol. Yeast is a plant which feeds 
upon sugar. As it eats the sugar it begins 
to grow. While growing it gives out an 
excretion. This excretion is made up of 
carbon dioxide and alcohol. The carbon 
dioxide passes off in the form of gas, while 
the alcohol remains in the sweet water to 
which the hops have been added, and we 
have beer. Thus God's grain, barley, is 
transformed into the destructive drink. 

The apple and the grape, as God gives 
them to us, are nourishing, and energy 
may be derived from drinking their juice. 
If, however, the juice is exposed to the 
air, the little yeast germs floating in the 
air fall into it. These yeast germs are 



identical with those that were put into the 
sweet water to make the beer. A.s they 
remain in the apple and grape juice, they 
begin to feed upon the sugar and give out 
the carbon dioxide and alcohol and the 
grape juice becomes wine and the apple 
juice, cider. What a dangerous little plant 
the yeast plant is! Yes, but if used prop- 
erly it does not belong to the breaking 
down of life, but to building it up. Every 
time bread is made we put in the same lit- 
tle yeast plant and it feeds upon the sugar 
and gives out alcohol and carbon dioxide 
and the bubbles of gas push the bread up 
and make it light. To be sure, the alcohol 
remains in the bread, but we drive it all 
out by baking the bread. If we did not 
bake it, the bread would not be wholesome, 
and sometimes when the bread has not 
been baked sufficiently it has the unpleas- 
ant odor of alcohol. 

WHAT BREAD AND BEER DO. 

Bread increases a man's muscle. 

Beer changes the muscle to fat. 

Grain, made into bread, builds up the 
man. The strong man builds up his com- 
munity, helps build the schools and 
churches, aids in the growth of industries 
and commerce. He makes all life hap- 
pier because he uses God's gifts as God 
intended ihem to be used. 

Grain, made into beer, or fruits made 
into wine or cider or any form of alco- 
holic drink, break down the man. And 
the man who takes them, instead of help- 
ing to build up a community, is a menace 
to it. Such men help to -fill our jails, 
penitentiaries, almshouses and asylums. 
They bring great expense to a community 
because they necessitate having many po- 
licemen, hospitals and places of reform. 

Mrs. Winfield S. Hall, a former teacher 
of physiology, has given us the following 
clear table of the results of using God's 
gifts in the two different ways. 

Happiness 
Development 
Strength 

Muscle 



Bread 



Beer 



Fal 



Weakness 

Decaj 

Sorrow 



How then shall we use God's gifts? 



38 



World Book of Temperance. 



MODERN FRATERNITIES CLOSED TO LIQUOR DEALERS 



Ancient Order of United Workmen*: 
"Any member of the order, who shall after 
August i, 1898, have entered, or who shall 
hereafter enter into the business or occu- 
pation of selling, by retail, intoxicating 
liquors as a beverage, shall stand suspended 
from any and all rights to participate in the 
beneficiary fund of the order, and his bene- 
ficiary certificate shall become null and 
void from and after the date of his so en- 
gaging in said occupation, and no action 
of the lodge of which he is a member, or 
of the grand lodge or any officer thereof, 
shall be necessary or a condition precedent 
to any such suspension." 

Knights of Maccabees: "No person shall 
be eligible to membership in the order who 
is engaged either as principal, agent or ser- 
vant in the manufacture or sale of spirit- 
uous, malt, or vinous liquors as a beverage, 
and should any beneficial member of the 
order engage in the above named occupa- 
tion after his admission his benefit certi- 
ficate shall become null and void." 

Tribe of Ben Hur: Section 49 of laws 
prohibits membership in our order from 
any one engaged as principal, agent or ser- 
vant in the sale of spirituous or malt liquors 
as a beverage, and members must surrender 
their certificate in the event of becoming 
engaged in the business after a certificate 
has been issued. 

American Legion of Honor: Persons 
engaged in handling or sale of malt or 
spirituous liquors ineligible to member- 
ship. (Adam Warnock, Sec.) 

Traternal Mystic Circle: No certificate 
of membership can be issued to a person 
engaged in saloon keeping or bar tending. 

Independent Order of Foresters (Cana- 
dian order) : Do not accept as a member 
any person who is personally engaged in 
the manufacture or sale of intoxicating 
liquors. 

Supreme Council of the Catholic Be- 
nevolent Legion: Barkeepers or those whose 



regular occupation is in the retailing of al- 
coholic liquors to be drunk on the prem- 
ises are not eligible to membership. 

Sovereign Camp of Woodmen of the 
World: Will not admit saloon-keepers or 
liquor dealers to membership, and if a per- 
son engages in the liquor business after 
becoming a member, he is expelled. . 

Modern Woodmen of America: Eligibil- 
ity to benefit membership requires that the 
applicant must be a believer in a Supreme 
Being. . . . And not engaged in the 
manufacture or sale of malt, spirituous or 
vinous liquors as a beverage, either in the 
capacity of proprietor, stockholder, agent 
or servant. 

Junior Order of United American Me- 
chanics: No person who is engaged in 
active wholesaling or retailing alcoholic 
or spirituous liquors as a beverage eligible 
to membership. 

Order of Scottish Clans, replied: The 
order does not prohibit any occupation in 
our constitution, but the constitution de- 
clares that none but men of good moral 
character can become members, and our 
Royal Physician, who is the supreme medi- 
cal examiner, has always rejected liquor 
dealers as poor risks. 

Order of United American Mechanics: 
Liquor dealers not eligible to membership. 

Sovereign Grand Lodge of Odd-Fellows 
has decided that as far as eligibility to 
Odd-Fellowship is concerned, a hotel 
keeper who provides a bar for his cus- 
tomers is a saloon-keeper, and can not 
become an Odd-Fellow. 

C. C. Pavey, grand master of the Ohio 
Odd-Fellows, summarily suspended two 
lodges in 1904 for failing to comply with 
the law of the order requiring them to 
expel members remaining in the saloon 
business. 

Free Masons also generally exclude 
liquor sellers, and the various railway or- 
ders and many other labor fraternities go 
further and exclude drinkers also. 



•Statements above, except as to Odd-Fellows and Masons, were sent by officials of orders 
named to the New Voice and published in a symposium September 12 1901, since which th« 
movement to exclude liquor sellers from fraternities has increased. 



The First Total Abstinence Fraternity. 

Jeremiah 35 : 12-19. 



12 Then came the word of Jehovah unto 
Jeremiah, saying, 13 Thus saith Jehovah of 
hosts, the God of Israel: Go, and say to 
the men of Judah and the inhabitants of 
Jerusalem, Will ye not receive instruction 
to hearken to my words? saith Jehovah. 
14 The words of Jonadab the son of Rec- 
hab, that he commanded his sons, not to 
drink wine, are performed; and unto this 
day they drink none, for they obey their 
father's commandment. But I have spoken 
unto you, rising up early and speaking ; 
and ye have not hearkened unto me. 15 I 
have sent also unto you all my servants the 
prophets, rising up early and sending them, 
saying, Return ye now every man from his 
evil way, and amend your doings, and go 
not after other gods to serve them, and ye 
shall dwell in the land which I have given 
to you and to your fathers: but ye have 
not inclined your ear, nor hearkened unto 



me. 16 Forasmuch as the sons of Jonadab 
the son of Rechab have performed the 
commandment of their father which he 
commanded them, but this people hath not 
hearkened unto me; 17 therefore thus saith 
Jehovah, the God of hosts, the God of Is- 
rael: Behold, I will bring upon Judah and 
upon all the inhabitants of Jerusalem all 
the evil that I have pronounced against 
them; because I have spoken unto them, 
but they have not heard; and I have called 
unto them, but they have not answered. 
18 And Jeremiah said unto the house of 
the Rechabites, Thus saith Jehovah of hosts, 
the God of Israel: Because ye have obeyed 
the commandment of Jonadab your father, 
and kept all his precepts, and done accord- 
ing unto all that he commanded you; 19 
therefore thus saith Jehovah of hosts, the 
God of Israel: Jonadab the son of Rechab 
shall not want a man to stand before me 
for ever. 



Golden Text 



Two are better than one . . . for if they fall the one will lift 
up his fellow. — Eccl. 4: 9, 10. 



This lesson, from the temperance 
point of view, really belongs to the 
period of Elijah and Ahab, although 
Jeremiah's interesting encounter with 
the Rechabites occurred much later, 
about 606 B. C, in the fourth year 
of_ King Jehoiakim, when this no- 
madic tribe had fled to Jerusalem for 
protection against the invading Baby- 
lonian army, that subsequently car- 
ried Judah captive — partly, as Isaiah 
tells us (ch. 28), because of their in- 
temperance. Jeremiah found these 
children of nature encamped in one 
of the open spaces of Jerusalem, in 
charge of their sheik, Jaazaniah, 
meaning, "he whom Jehovah hears." 
Jeremiah heard of their centuries of 
unanimous fidelity to the total ab- 
stinence injunction of their father, 
Jonadab, and, seeing an opportunity 
to use them as an object illustration, 



such as Oriental teachers delight in, 
he brought them to a chamber of the 
temple and offered them wine, and 
When they stood the test he brought 
them out before the Jews and con- 
trasted their long and invulnerable 
obedience to their father with the 
Jews' habitual disobedience of their 
Heavenly Father. Jeremiah was 
chiefly concerned to teach obedience 
to God, but the abstinence of the 
Rechabites was also commended, and 
it is surprising that it was not until 
the nineteenth Christian century that 
the manifest value of fraternal co- 
operation to maintain total abstinence, 
so clearly shown in the case of the 
Rechabites, was recognized by the 
establishment of modern total absti- 
nence fraternities. The first secret 
temperance fraternity, established in 
1835, was naturallv and properly 
named "The Rechabites."* 



*At that time most or. the secret beneficial orders encouraged drinking at their meetings, 
aud the Rechabites, established by a woman at a temperance hotel, was to provide the fellowship 
and benefits of a lodge without temptations to drink intoxicants. Abstinence, as in modern, 
labor unions, was secondary to the Insurance features, 



4° 



World Book of Temperana 



Antecedents of the Rechabites. 

The glimpse of the Rechabites 
given us by Jeremiah makes us de- 
sirous to know the beginnings and 
even the antecedents of this first 
total abstinence fraternity. The Rech- 
abites were a family of the tribe of 
Kenites, a branch of the Midianites. 
Jethro, the wise father-in-law of 
Moses, by whose advice some ele- 
ments of popular government were 
introduced into the Hebrew state 
(Ex. 18: 17-27) was a Kenite, and 
it was perhaps through his influence 
that a part of the tribe became Jews 
in religion, and pitched their tents in 
the south and north of Palestine. To 
this portion of the tribe, that wor- 
shiped Jehovah, Rechab belonged, who 
gave his name to the Rechabites. In 
■the days of Ahab and Jezebel, when 
intemperance and lust, were dignified 
as religion in the worship of Baal 
and Astarte, and it had become al- 
most impossible to bring up a family 
in thie fear of God in the corrupt 
cities of Israel, Jonadab, a son or 
descendant of Rechab, ordered his 
sons and daughters not only to live 
in tents away from the foul cities, 
but to see that they did not carry with 
them to the country the chief cause 
of the debauchery of cities, wine and 
other intoxicating drinks. To avoid 
temptation to themselves and others 
they were not even to plant vineyards, 
and, lest they should, they were not 
to plant anything. Thus arose this 
tribe of ''Jewish Puritans" in the days 
of Elijah, and perhaps through his 
influence. They may have taken a 
hint from the Nazarites, but they 
took two long steps beyond them in 
the evolution of the temperance move- 
ment, in that it was total abstinence 
for life that the Rechabites adopted, 
and in that (hey also enlisted the 
strong support of fraternal co-oper- 
ation. 



God's Promise to the Rechabites 
Fulfilled- 

Geike says : 'The assurance that 
the Rechabites would never want a 
man 'to stand before God' has been 
strangely fulfilled. The phrase seem- 
ingly points to the adoption of mem- 
bers of the tribe into the priestly 
office, to 'stand before God,' like the 
sons of Levi. Their strictness as 
Nazarites facilitated this advance- 
ment, for even so late as James the 
Just Nazarites, by a singular excep- 
tion, were permitted to enter the most 
sacred parts of the Temple." In keep- 
ing with this, the heading of the 71st 
Psalm, in the Septuagint, speaks of 
the sons of Jonadab as the first who 
were carried off to Babylon, and in- 
timates that this Psalm had been 
commonly sung by them in the Tem- 
ple service. A "son of Rechab" is 
named among the restorers of Je- 
rusalem, after the return, and in the 
genealogies of the Chronicles, which 
were drawn up at a very late period, 
a community of Rechabites, living at 
Jabez, are spoken of as scribes, that 
is, as occupied with the writing and 
study of the law — an occupation in 
earlier times almost wholly engrossed 
by Levites. Centuries later Eusebins 
brings their names before us in a 
striking connection. While the mob 
was stoning James the Just, he tells 
us, "One of the priests of the sons of 
Rechab, a son of the Rechabites 
spoken of by Jeremiah the prophet, 
cried out, 'Stop! What are you 
doing? He is praying for you!' So 
that, even in that day, a priestly or- 
der of Rechabites still survived. The 
Cambridge Bible tells us that 'Ben- 
jamin, of Tudela, a Jewish traveler 
of the twelfth century, mentions a 
body of Jews who were called Recha- 
bites, and whose customs corresponded 
with those detailed in Jeremiah. 
Geike informs us that "even in our 



The First Total Abstinence Fraternity. 



41 



own day Dv. Wolff, the missionary 
traveler, met a tribe near Senaa, in 
Arabia, who claim to be the Recha- 
bites. In answer to a question as to 
their origin, one of them replied by 
reading from an, Arabic Bible the 
words of Jeremiah, describing the 
Rechabites of his day, and added that 
they numbered 60,000. Still more re- 
cently Signor Pierotti, near the south- 
east end of the Dead Sea, met a tribe 
who called themselves Rechabites, had 
a Hebrew Bible, prayed at the tomb 
of a Jewish Rabbi, and spoke of them- 
selves exactly as the Rechabites in 
Arabia had spoken to Wolff a gen- 
eration before." 

The Meaning of It AIL 

In the words of Dr. J. L. Hurlbutt, 
"While the example of the Rechabites 
does not of itself make total absti- 
nence a law for all men, yet the com- 
mendation given to their course shows 
that it had the divine approval. And 
as God works in accordance with law, 
we find that drunkenness, perpetuated 
through generations, tends to the 
destruction of families, while absti- 
nence imparts vigor to the race. God 
rewards those who rule their appe- 
tites, and punishes those who are 
enslaved by them. 

The story of the Rechabites sug- 
gests a world-wide study of two 
great forces fan' promoting temper- 
ance, the home and the fraternity. 

For Home Protection* 

The mightiest agency for reform, 
as for religion, is the home. The 
strongest appeal for the pledge and 
prohibition alike is the great watch- 
word of the Woman's Christian Tem- 
perance Union, "Home Protection." 
The political issue in the United 
States is the tariff, and so "protec- 
tion," in that sense, is the chief word 
in its politics, and it is getting into 
British politics also. But surely, as 



someone Has said, "The protection of 
boys is as important as the protec- 
tion of pig iron," and so "Home Pro- 
tection" should surely be the watch- 
word of the voting mothers and sis- 
ters in Australia — aye, of fathers and 
brothers also, there and everywhere. 
There can be no doubt that the chief 
foe of British homes is what they call 
the "public house," which surely does 
not get its name from the great 
watchword that underlies all govern- 
ment, "pro bono publico." 



FAMILY PLKDGK. 

God helping us, we pledge 
ourselves together as a house- 
hold to abstain from all intoxi- 
cating drinks: 



A story that is doubly apropos to 
the story of the Rechabites because it 
pictures the handicap that the bad 
reputation of drunken fathers puts on 
their sons, and also a refusal to drink 
under a test even more severe than 
Jeremiah put on the Rechabites is the 
following : 

A young mechanic who worked well, 
talked well, read books on great civic prob- 
lems and attended public meetings thought- 
fully, being urged to engage in the discus- 
sions, said, "How can I ever be anything, 
when my father is a drinking man?" He 
solemnly signed the pledge of total abstin- 
ence and began to make short speeches. 
The young men said. "Let us send him to 
the Legislature." At every step 'lie did his 



42 



World Book of Temperance. 



best Finally Massachusetts sent him with 
a petition to Congress, John Qtrincy Adams 
invited him to dinner. While at dinner Mr. 
Adams filled his glass, and turning to the 
young mechanic, said, "Will you drink a 
glass of wine with me?" He hated to re- 
fuse. There was an ex-President of the 
United States. There was a great company 
of men. All eyes were upon him. And so 
he hesitated and grew red in the face, but 
finally stammered out, "Excuse me, sir, I 
never drink wine." The next day this 
anecdote was published in a Washington 
paper. It was copied all over Massachusetts, 
and the people said, "Here is a man that 
stands by his principles. He can be trusted ; 
let us promote him." And so he went up 
higher. He was made a Congressman, then 
a Senator, and finally Vice-President of the 
United States. That boy was Henry 
Wilson. 

And here is another story, not new 
but effective for drinking fathers who 
urge, but do not practice abstinence. 
A farmer having employed a young 
man to work on his farm, without 
making inquiry as to his habits, find- 
ing he was somewhat addicted to 
drink, offered him a choice sheep if 
he would refrain from the habit dur- 
ing the season. A grown son, on 
hearing the offer, asked, "Pa, will you 
give me a sheep, too, if I will not 
drink this season?" 

"Yes," replied the father, "you 
may have a sheep." 

Then a little son spoke up and said, 
"Pa, will you give me a sheep, too, 
if I'll not drink?" 

"Yes, son, you shall have a sheep, 
also." 

After a moment's pause the little 
boy turned to his father and said, 
"Pa, hadn't you better take a sheep, 
too?" 

Drinking Women, 

It is amazing that any woman who 
has seen the effects of intoxicants 

could ever risk, for her own pleasure 



or through delusive advertisements, 
the welfare of her children that are 
likely to feel the blight of a drinking 
mother through heredity and example 
alike. There is nothing an American 
visitor sees in London that is more 
shocking to his high conception of 
British social life than the women on 
a Sunday evening on both sides of 
the bars of London, serving and 
receiving the drink that from the days 
of Lot has been the foe of modesty 
and purity and every womanly qual- 
ity. A Methodist preacher told the 
writer that at the Pan-Methodist 
Conference in London, early in the 
twentieth century, the hour for a 
Sunday evening world rally of 
Epworth Leagues had to be changed 
to accommodate the "Methodist bar- 
maids" who could not* attend at that 
hour. And in the United States, 
while no bar-maids are tolerated, 
there was abundant proof at the same 
time that the drinking of women, both 
at private dinners and in public res- 
taurants, was increasing, due partly 
to foreign travel and the propensity 
to imitate the worst instead of the 
best of foreign customs. A minister's 
daughter, who had been "finished" in 
France and had come home with the 
wine habit, attempting at the close of 
a social party to call her carriage, said 
in a husky voice, "Zee here, Mr. 
Hack," which speedily made her the 
laughing stock of the city. Far 
worse results are constantly following 
champagne suppers, in which not 
only disgraceful words but deeds that 
lead to the divorce court are con- 
stantly occurring. 

The Value of Temperance Or- 
ganization, 

This lesson, most of all, illustrates 
the value of fraternal societies, first, 
to maintain fidelity to the pledge 
among each other, and, second, to 
extend the movement. There -are two 



The First Total Abstinence Fraternity. 



43 



Bible passages that proclaim these 
two advantages : "Two are better 
than one. . . . For if they fall, 
the one will lift up his fellow; but 
woe to him that is alone when he fall- 
eth, and hath not another to lift him 
up" (Eccl. 4: 9, 10). The other pas- 
sage is, "Shall not one chase a thou- 
sand, and two put ten thousand to 
flight?" which represents union of 
effort as, not addition, but multipli- 
cation. Two shall chase, not two, but 
ten thousand. 

When the main work of temperance 
societies was to reform drunkards, 
such organizations as the Rechabites, 
the Good Templars and the Sons of 
Temperance developed to afford social 
centres to take the place of the bar- 
rooms. A remorseful drunkard, 
seeking to make a man of himself, 
found friends all about him in a 
cheerful lodge, where there was no 
less fun and fellowship than in the 
bar-rooms, but with no dregs of 
shame. What is called the "Emanuel 
Method," from an Episcopal Church 
in Boston that maintains a staff of 
doctors and pastors to cure large 
classes of sickness that are due to dis- 
ordered nerves and mental depression 
by psychological encouragement and 
general good cheer and friendliness, 
affords an illustration of the service 
that a temperance lodge can afford, 
especially if it acts in the name and 
spirit of Christ. Thus, if it is a case 
of alcoholism, the minister's explana- 
tion that there is in us all a trans- 
liminal reservoir kindles new hope in 
the discouraged man's mind. "He is 
at once willing to test the question 
whether there are powers within him- 
self as well as above him, upon 
which he can call ; whether he has 
been fighting his degrading enemy 
with only a fraction of his nature ; 
whether it may be possible for his 
"divided self," as Professor James 
mils it, to be unified so that, instead 



of the law in his members warring 
against the law of his mind, his 
whole nature as a unity may accept 
the fact that alcohol is his enemy and 
so loathe and repel it. To test these 
questions the dipsomaniac is willing 
to visit the minister twice a week for 
a month or two. 

In these visits the minister has an 
opportunity to advise with him re- 
garding his associates, occupations 
and habits. He is invited into the 
most secret chambers of the man's 
being. He is afforded all the advan- 
tages that the wisest and best Catho- 
lic priest finds in the confessional. 
In a word, the way is open for him 
to help remake a life." (From Liter- 
ary Digest, Sept. 19, 1908.) 

Fraternal temperance organizations 
are still numerous and flourishing in 
countries that are in an early stage 
of temperance evolution, where re- 
forming drunkards is the main work. 
But in the United States, when it was 
found that two-thirds of all the drunk- 
ards that took the pledge relapsed, 
the chief efforts were long since 
turned to prevention in two lines : 
First, to the teaching and pledging 
of children in Sunday-schools and 
public schools ; and, second, to pro- 
hibitory laws that would remove the 
pitfalls that partly nullified the efforts 
of fraternities. Even the reforma- 
tory work took the new turn of "gos- 
pel temperance," on the correct 
ground that appetite could only be 
conquered by conversion. But it 
seems to the authors of this book 
and many more that we have swung 
too far from the fraternal pledge- 
signing branch of temperance reform, 
and should now seek the golden mien 
in the threefold cord, pledge, prayer, 

PROHIBITION. 

Now that prohibition in the United' 
States and Canada and in New Zea- 
land and Australia and some other 
lands is rapidly breaking up the social 



44 



World Book of Temperance 



centres furnished by the drink traf- 
fic, there seems to be a special need 
of such social centres as the temper- 
ance lodges have furnished. Millions 
in the United States who in 1906 
were spending" much of their leisure 
in saloons, were in the next few 
months suddenly cut off from these 
resorts by a "reform wave" that car- 
ried the population under prohibition 
up to 40,000,000 in 1908, of a total 
90,000,000. We must use both sword 

LAND AREA OP THE UNITED STATES DIVIDED ACCORDING 
TO "WET" AND "DRY" TERRITORY 




From Anti-Saloon League Year Book. 1908. 

and trowel. We must build up new 
social centres, or many driven from 
bar-rooms will throng equally harm- 
ful shows and resorts. The new social 
centres should include, most of all, 
the Young Men's and Young Wom- 
en's Christian* Associations ; also cen- 
sored nickelodeons, where the nickels 
previously spent for drink may, some 
of them, be used for cheap and in- 
nocent entertainments, from which 
the pictures that teach that crime is 
heroic and vice is happiness shall 
have been eliminated, which in the 
United States can be done by the 
Mayor, and will be done by him if 
the fathers and mothers will get away 
long enough from the two sides of the 
'"'bargain counter" to perform their 



duties in home protection. Every 
no-license town should study this 
matter of saloon substitutes. Bowling- 
alleys, free from drink and profan- 
ity and vulgarity, with a table of 
attractive reading at hand, might be 




By per mission Patriotic Post Card Co., Saginaw. 
Mich. 

a strong constructive agency, espe- 
cially in towns too small for maintain- 
ing Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. 
gymnasiums and amusement rooms. 
But beyond all these we are per- 
suaded the bad but strong personal 
fellowship broken up by prohibition 
of saloons need to be replaced by the 
clean and gladsome fellowship of the 
lodge, which is "the poor man's club," 
indeed, and should be the rich man's 
club, so far as the rich are rich in 
willingness to be "social to serve.''' 

Drinking Fraternities, 

There is additional reason for re- 
viving temperance lodges in that so 
many of the secret fraternities in col- 
leges and outside are mere shields for 



Th e First Total Abstinence Fraternity. 



45 



drinking and gambling, and foul talk 
and Sabbath-breaking. It is signifi- 
cant and encouraging that Free 
Masons and Odd Fellows, Knights 
of Columbus, and most other secret 
societies, except those that bear the 
names of beasts and birds of. prey, 
and seek to realize the animalism of 
their symbols, exclude liquor dealers 
from the privilege of membership. 
But at the same time most of the 
members buy severally and collect- 
ively of these very men they outlaw. 
Near the opening of the twentieth 
century President Schurman, of Cor- 
nell University, was reported as say- 
ing, "We must rid Cornell of its 
drunkards." In iqo8 the trustees of 
Stanford University prohibited "the 
use of liquor in fraternal chapter 
houses, student clubhouses, and other 
student lodgings." The penalty of 
violation in the case of students 
was to be expulsion, and in case 
of fraternities and clubs a for- 
feiture of their leases. The writer 
said, as University Preacher at the 
University of Pennsylvania: "The 
educated man has no excuse for tip- 
pling and kindred vices, which are 
not so strange when found among 
men who have not learned the high 
pleasures of art and literature and 
scholarly fellowship, and have little 
capacity for anything but physical 
enjoyment, and even in that know 
only the baser forms. Those who 
have cultivated brains should refuse 
to be dominated by the mucous mem- 
brane. 

Drinking in college fraternities 
naturally calls up the strange fact 
that while the churches of the United 
States and the people generally are 
confessedly in advance of those of 
any other great nationality in tem- 
perance progress, our college facul- 
ties are far behind those of Europe 
in scientific investigations of alcohol, 
In a French poster, containing "The 



Verdict of Scholars," the only Amer- 
ican quoted was Atwater, and .he only 
to show he had proved nothing of 
importance. Professor Forel, return- 
ing from an American tour, said 
he found "crass ignorance" among 
American professors in regard to re- 
cent scientific discoveries as to alco- 
hol. Surely, when all public and gov- 
ernment schools in the United States 
are ■ required by law to teach the 
effects of alcohol and narcotics, the 
colleges that train the teachers are 
in duty bound to prepare them to do 
so. Why should even a Christian 
college give more attention to miner- 
alogy and "bugology" than to natural 
science in its closest relation. to char- 
acter? 




By permission Patriotic Post Card Co.. s<i<ii>t(ii< 
Mich. 



There will be little trouble about 
drink in college fraternities when stu- 
dents are taught how alcohol affects 
aim and endurance, the chance o\ 
employment, and the risks of insur- 



4 6 



World Book of Temperance. 



ance. Some day college fraternities 
will rise to the level of the Brother- 
hood of Locomotive Engineers, and 
of Railway Conductors and other 
labor lodges, that require total absti- 
nence of all members, and aid each 
other to maintain it. 

Here again the sociologist finds one 
of the reasons that temperance lodges 
have declined in the United States, 
namely, that the increasing labor 
lodges, that- appeal to the same class, 
have many of them become total ab- 
stinence lodges, with the same social 
features that temperance lodges af- 
forded, and an element of insurance 
such as is found, indeed, in the 
Rechabites, but in few temperance 
fraternities. The workingmen get in 
labor lodges the total abstinence, the 
fellowship, the "benefits," plus a pro- 
tection of their "job;" and that set- 
tles with many the choice of the 
labor union. They are to be counted 



as an important addition to our tem- 
perance auxiliaries. 

But they should study not only the 
relation of alcohol to the individual's 
job and his value in the lodge, but 
also its relation to the general pros- 
perity. Workingmen would reach 
this goal of class betterment the 
sooner if they would study the cause 
and cure of poverty, either in their 
own lodges or in such lodges as the 
Rechabites and the Good Templars, 
who have had no small part in devel- 
oping the abstinence feature in labor 
lodges. 

There is another moral here that 
the thoughtful man cannot miss: 
"Ought not all the churches to re- 
quire as high a temperance standard 
for Christian service as the labor 
unions exact for common labor? And 
let statesmen consider whether we 
should not require as clear a brain 
to run a government as to run a 
freight train. 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



"Noblesse Oblige." 
Hon. John G. Wooley, on Deut. 21 : 1-9 : 
" 'If one be found slain in the land which 
the Lord thy God giveth thee . . . lying 
in the field, and it be not known who hath 
slain him, then thy elders and thy judges 
shall come forth and they shall measure 
unto the cities that are round about him 
that is slain, and it shall be that the city 
which is next unto the slain man, even 
the judges and elders of that city shall 
wash their hands and say: "Our hands have 
not shed this blood, neither have our eyes 
seen it. Be merciful, O God, unto thy 
people whom thou hast redeemed, and lay 
not innocent blood unto thy people of 
Israel's charge," and the blood shall be 
forgiven them. So shalt thou put away 
the guilt of innocent blood from among 
you when thou shall do that which is right 
in the sight of the Lord.' 

"I want to emphasize these three very 
simple but very splendid political lessons 
of the Bible: First, the responsibility of 
Christian government, municipal, State or 
national, for the protection of the weak 
and tempted and helpless and overmatched 



and overborne of the citizens by police 
regulation, sanitation, education. Second, 
the responsibility of the cultured and 
powerful, and especially of those who call 
themselves Christians, for the protection 
of the moral tone and the upbuilding of the 
moral character of the government itself; 
and third, the final jurisdiction of the 
divine authority over human judgments to 
confirm, or reverse, or modify them." 



Why Dispensary Doctors Should 
Abstain. 

The disbursers of the public sick fund 
in Germany are recognizing the part that 
alcohol plays in the demands made _ upon 
the treasury. Dr. August Wessel, chief of 
the treasury, at a recent meeting at Ham- 
burg of the physicians in charge of the 
fund, declared that the physicians who at- 
tend the beneficiaries of the funds should 
be abstainers from alcoholic drinks that they 
may the better diagnose disease, and also 
use their influence in dissuading their pa- 
tients from the use of these drinks which 
cause and increase disease. 



How the Pitcher Led to Victory and the Bottle to 

Defeat* 



Judges 7: 4-7, 16-21; 1 Kings 20: 13-21. 



4 And Jehovah said unto Gideon, The 
people are yet too many; bring them down 
unto the water, and I will try them for 
thee there: and it shall be, that of whom 
I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, 
the same shall go with thee and of whom- 
soever I say unto thee, This shall not go 
with thee, the same shall not go. 5 So he 
brought down the people unto the water : 
and Jehovah said unto Gideon, Every one 
that lappeth of the water with his tongue, 
as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by 
himself; likewise every one that boweth 
down upon his knees to drink. 6 And the 
number of them that lapped, putting their 
hand to their mouth, was three hundred 
men: but all the rest of the people bowed 
down upon their knees to drink water. 7 
And Jehovah said unto Gideon, By the 
three hundred men that lapped will I save 
you, and deliver the Midianites into thy 
hand ; and let all the people go every man 
unto his place. . . . 

16 And he divided the three hundred 
men into three companies, and he put into 
the hands of all of them trumpets, and 
empty pitchers, with torches within the 
pitchers. 17 And he said unto them, Look 
on me, and do likewise : and, behold, when 
I come to the outermost part of the camp, 
it shall be that, as I do, so shall ye do. 18 
When I blow the trumpet, I and all that 
are with me, then blow ye the trumpets al- 
so on every side of all the camp, and say, 
For Jehovah and for Gideon. 19 So Gid- 
eon, and the hundred men that were with 
him, came unto the outermost part of the 
camp in the beginning of the middle watch, 
when they had but newly set the watch : 
and they blew the trumpets, and brake in 
pieces the pitchers that were in their hands. 
20 And the three companies blew the trum- 
pets, and brake the pitchers, and held the 
torches in their left hands, and the trum- 



pets in their right hands wherewith to blow ; 
and they cried, The sword of Jehovah and 
of Gideon. 21 And they stood every man 
in his place round about the camp; and ail 
the host ran; and they started, and put 
them to flight. 



13 And, behold, a prophet came near 
unto Ahab, king of Israel, and said, Thus 
saith Jehovah, Hast thou seen all this great 
multitude? behold, I will deliver it into 
thy hand this day; and thou shalt know 
that I am Jehovah. 14 And Ahab said, By 
whom? And he said, Thus saith Jehovah, 
By the young men of the princes of the 
provinces. Then he said, Who shall begin 
the battle? And he answered, Thou. 15 
Then he mustered the young men of the 
princes of the provinces, and they were 
two hundred and thirty-two : and after 
them he mustered all the people, even all 
the children of Israel, being seven thousand. 
16 And they went out at noon. But Ben- 
hadad was drinking himself drunk in the 
pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and 
two kings that helped him. 17 And the 
young men of the princes of the provinces 
went out first; and Ben-hadad sent out, and 
they told him, saying, There are men come 
out from Samaria. 18 And he said, 
Whether they are come out for peace, take 
them alive ; or whether they are come out 
for war, take them alive. 19 So these 
went out of the city, the young men of the 
princes of the provinces, and the army 
which followed them. 20 And they slew 
every one his man ; and the Syrians fled, 
and Israel pursued them: and Ben-hadad 
the king of Syria escaped on a horse with 
horsemen. 21 And the king of Israel went 
out, and smote the horses and chariots, 
and slew the Syrians with a great slaugh- 
ter. 



Golden Text: It is not for kings O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink zcine, nor 
for princes strong drink; lest they drink and forget the laiv } and pervert the judg- 
ment of any of the afflicted. — Prov. 31 : 4, 5. 



Under the usual method of select- 
ing Bible temperance lessons, Gideon's 
water test would no more be included 
than Esau's soup test, but both inci- 



dents reveal the psychological quali- 
ties in human nature that load men 
to drink intoxicants. 

Gideon, the farmer's son, called 



4 8 



World Book of Temperance. 



from his thrashing floor to thrash the 
iUidianite oppressors of his people, 
gathered for that purpose thirty 
thousand soldiers. When they neared 
the enemy a majority of them began 
to shiver with fear, and God told 
Gideon to give these cowards leave 
to go home, lest the contagion spread 
to the brave. Twenty thousand con- 
fessed themselves cowardly quitters 
and "skedaddeled." No better word 
should be used for such poltroons. 
The ten thousand that remained were 
tested again by a halt to drink at 
a great pool, when they were dusty 
and thirsty with a long, hot march. 
Nine thousand seven hundred of these 
showed no lack of courage, for they 
were even reckless in throwing them- 
selves flat on their faces to drink their 
fill when the much greater army of 
their foe was close at hand on the 
hills above them, and might rush upon 
them while they were lying prostrate 
in disorder. They did show, however, 
the lack of another quality equally 
essential to victory in the battle of 
life, namely, self-control, which was 
consciously revealed in the remaining 
three hundred, who, with face to the 
foe and spear in hand, bent on one 
knee and threw a little water to their 
lips with the left hand, as a dog- 
throws it into his throat with his 
tongue. Eadh of the three hundred 
men who showed this self-mastery 
fulfilled the promise that "one shall 
chase a thousand." Three hundred 
trumpets — one being usually assigned 
for each thousand men — represented 
three hundred regiments. That was 
twice as many as the one hundred and 
fifty regiments of their foe, who 
awoke in terror, hearing so many 
trumpeters all about them in the mid- 
night, each supposed to be the trum- 
peter of a thousand men. The crash 
of three hundred pitchers, that re- 
vealed three hundred hidden torches, 



suggested that everything had gone to 
smash, and completed the panic. The 
Midianites "ran and cried and fled." 

The pitcher is the fit symbol of the 
"Gideons," a temperance fraternity 
among American commercial travel- 
ers, who are not more than one per 
cent, of the whole body, as of old, but 
illustrate again, under strong tempta- 
tions, the conquering virtue of self- 
control. "He that ruleth his spirit is 
greater than he that taketh a city." 
Here is a story of a modern Gideon, 
a patriot willing to practice self de- 
nial for the public good in the battles 
of peace. A young Norwegian stu- 
dent, an immigrant in the United 
States, spent a summer in Minnesota 
working for prohibition. During the 
campaign he earned $140 with which 
to pay his way through the winter 
terms of school. Of that meagre 
pittance, the result of his vacation's 
labor, he contributed to the prohibition 
cause — not five, not ten, not twenty- 
five, but one hundred dollars. Then 
he went to splitting wood and wash- 
ing dishes to pay his way through 
Augsburg Seminary. 

Drunken Chiefs Defeated* 

The second section of our lesson is 
the tragedy of Ben-hadad, King of 
Syria, and the thirty-two chiefs, his 
allies, who were drinking themselves 
drunk in their pavilions, and were 
consequently defeated by two hundred 
and thirty-two sober young princes of 
Israel and their followers,* remind- 
ing us how easily those who are not 
masters of themselves are overmas- 
tered by others. Whether in military 
conflicts or in the equally intense bat- 
tles of business, it is the sober, self- 
controlled men who win at last, if not 
at first ; and it is the tipsy banqueters 
who sooner or later lose. A New 
Orleans paper tells of a printer who, 
when his fellow-workmen went out to 



*See story in full on page 52. 



Hozv the Pitcher Led to Victory and the Bottle to Defeat. 



49 



drink beer during working hours, put 
in the bank the exact amount which 
lie would have spent if he had gone 
out to drink with them. He kept 
to his resolution for five years. He 
then examined his bank account, and 
found that he had on deposit $521.85. 
In the five years he had not lost a day 
from ill health. Four or five of his 
fellow-workmen had in the meantime 
become drunkards, or had become 
worthless as workmen, and had been 
discharged. The water-drinker bought 
a printing office, went on enlarging his 
business, and in twenty years from the 



death is that of Amnion, slain at the 
sheepshearing when his heart was 
merry with wine (2 Sam. 13: 28). 
Modern tragedies of defeat and death 
through drink are seen in every city 
where the "bar" is thrust across the 
path of young men. 

Abstinence for Soldiers* 

Employers of labor on railroads and 
in other branches of industry, having 
for years required total abstinence or 
given preference to abstainers, and 
athletic trainers having long required 
abstinence in those training for prize 
fights and other physical tests, gov- 




« THE FIRST DROP. THE LAST DROP. 

"Come in and take a drop."^ The first drop led to other drops. He dropped his 
position, he dropped his respectability, he dropped his fortune, he dropped his friends, he 
dropped finally all his prospects in this life, and his hopes for eternity; and then came 
the last drop on the gallows. Beware of the first drop. — The Watchman. 



time he began to put by his money 
was worth $100,000. 

The chief lesson of the two battles 
of our lesson is that in the battle of 

life, WHILE SELF-CONTROL PREPARES 
US FOR LARGER VICTORIES, INTOXI- 
CANTS INVITE DEFEAT AND DEATH BY 
WEAKENING THE BODY AND MIND. 

Another Bible story of drink and 



ernments are at last recognizing that 
abstinence should also be promoted 
among government employees, mili- 
tary, as well as civil, and that the 
regimen of the regiment training for 
wholesale fighting, should be that of 
tin athlete. Dr. Haggard says, "In the 
( rerman army the Kaiser finds the 
beer-drinking soldier fifteen to twenty 



5o 



World Book of Temperance. 



per cent, less effective than the ab- 
stainer." Experiments in the twen- 
tieth century in the Swiss army 
showed that even a little wine lowered 
the marksman's record on a target. 
Gen. P. H. Ray, of the United States 
Army, says, "From my own experi- 
ence I know that drinking beer de- 
tracts from the accuracy of a soldier's 
shooting." He also says, "Several 
times within the last ten years I have 
noticed, when extra and continued 
exertion has been required in march- 
ing, that in every instance the first 
men to drop out of the ranks and fall 
by the wayside have been the beer- 
drinkers." British army officers en- 
courage their soldiers to join the Brit- 
ish Army Total Abstinence Associ- 
ation by reporting every year how 
much smaller is the percentage of total 
abstainers than of drinkers in the 
three black lists of desertion, disorder 
and disease. The superior endurance 
of the cold-water men has also been 
impressively exhibited. The Wash- 
ington Star, a paper of high standing 
for accuracy, gives the following 
story of a greater than Marathon race, 
which has its message for young men 
out of the army as well as for all sol- 
diers everywhere. "Three regiments 
were selected from each of several 
brigades for tests at different times, 
partly during maneuvers. In one 
every man was forbidden to drink a 
drop while the test lasted; in the 
second malt liquor only could be pur- 
chased; in the third a sailor's ration 
of whiskey was given to each man. 
The experiment was repeated in sev- 
eral instances where forced marches 
and other work was required. The 
whiskey drinkers showed more dash 
at first, but generally in about four 
days snowed signs of lassitude and 
abnormal fatigue. Those given malt 
liquors displayed less dash at first, but 
their endurance lasted somewhat 
longer. The abstainers, however, are 



said to have increased daily in alert- 
ness and staying powers. As a result 
of this experiment, the British War 
Department decided that in the recent 
Soudan campaign not a single drop of 
stimulant should be allowed in camp, 
save for hospital use. The officers, 
including even the generals, could no 
longer enjoy their accustomed spirits, 
wines and malt liquors at their mess 
tables. There must have been some 
wry faces, especially among the Scotch 
laddies, when the order was published 
that for all hands, including even camp 
followers, liquid refreshment was to 
be limited to tea, oatmeal water, or 
lime juice and Nile water. To-day it 
is a great feather in the headgear of 
the advocates of military total ab- 
stainers that Lord Kitchener's victory 
in the Soudan was won for him by 
an army of teetotalers, who made phe- 
nomenal forced marches through the 
desert, under the burning sun, and in 
a climate famed for its power to kill 
or prematurely age the unacclimated. 
Indeed, 'tis said that never has there 
been a British campaign occasioning 
so little sickness and profiting by so 
much endurance." 

Compulsory abstinence for officers 
as well as soldiers is the fixed policy 
of the British military leaders for 
times of war, and voluntary abstinence 
is strongly encouraged in time of 
peace. The highest generals serve as 
officers of the British Army Total 
Abstinence Association, and speak at 
its meetings, and provide tents and 
equipment for its club life and enter- 
tainments. 

Prohibition in the United States 
Army* 

While the British military authori- 
ties excel those of the United States 
in the points mentioned, the United 
States is ahead on another point, 
namely, in that by the mandate of 



How the Pitcher Led to Victory and the Bottle to Defeat. 



5i 



the American people, through Con- 
gress, the army beer saloon is pro- 
hibited, both in the army posts of 
young soldiers and in the soldiers' 
homes of the aged veterans, as it is 
also forbidden by Executive order in 
the Navy. 

The whole battle of prohibition has 
been fought out on a small scale in 
the anti-canteen controversy. Army 
beer saloons — poetically called "can- 
teens" — were introduced in army 
posts by those who sincerely believed 
that beer sold under "government 
ownership" in what was substantially 
a military "dispensary," an orderly 
place under the supervision of officers 
of "good moral character," would 
serve as a relatively harmless substi- 
tute for whiskey saloons outside, in 
which gambling and worse evils were 
also found. Even religious editors and 
bishops — a few of them — accepted 
with implicit faith the testimony of 
drinking officers who represented 
these "canteens" as almost as good 
as a prayer meeting, and assumed that 
not the alcohol but the person who 
sells it and the place where it is sold 
do the harm. Brig.-Gen. A. S. Daggett, 
U. S. A., retired, out of forty years' 
service in the army, before and dur- 
ing and after the canteen period, has 
conclusively shown by quiet but posi- 
tive testimony, that the army beer 
saloon introduced into the soldiers' 
amusement room, with credit as an 
ally of habit, and alluring dividends 
of asparagus and tomatoes, led many 
who had never frequented saloons to 
adopt the drink habit, and, when the 
government beer had kindled their 
appetites, led them straight to the out- 
side places for stronger liquors and 
the vices with which all intoxicants 
are allied. The "canteen" failure is 
but a new refutation of the fallacy 
that an old bartender set in a lurid 
light when crusading white ribbon- 
ers knelt in the sawdust of his saloon 



to sing and pray. As they ceased, he 
exclaimed: "Ladies, why are you 
here? Don't you know that this is 
where we punch tickets for hell the 
last time? Why don't you stop them 
uptown before they get on the train?" 
It is in the "respectable saloons" and 
respectable dining-rooms that the 
drunkards "get on the train." 

Defeat Through Drinking Officers 

That ancient defeat of Ben-hadad 
because he and other officers were 
drunk finds many a modern parallel. 
Gen. O. O. Howard gives the follow- 
ing among other instances of defeat 
through drink in the American War 
for the Union: "In one of our great 
battles we suffered defeat, and many 
of us have believed that the mistake 
which caused the defeat was due to 
an excess of whiskey drunk by the 
officer in command. I had the tes- 
timony from an officer who was with 
him that pitchers of liquor were 
brought on to his table, and that he 
and those around him drank freely 
from them as if they contained only 
water. The orders the commander 
gave were the direct opposite from 
what he would have given had he not 
been suddenly confused by drink. A 
heavy loss of men and material, and 
a dreadful defeat for our cause, was 
the result." 

Even Homer, ten centuries before 
Christ, knew that wine was harmful 
to the soldier's body and brain, as 
witness the following dialogue be- 
tween Hector's mother and her hero 
son: 

Stay till I bring the cup with Bacchus 
crowned, 

Then with a plenteous draught refresh thy 
soul 

And draw new spirits from the generous 
bowl." 

"Far hence be Bacchus gifts !" Hector re- 
joined. 

"Inflaming wine, pernicious to mankind, 



52 



World Book of Temperance. 



Unnerves the limbs and dulls the noble 

mind : 
Let chiefs abstain, and spare the sacred 

juice 
To sprinkle to the gods — 'tis fitter use. 

Braver Than Battling* 

When the British torpedo-boat 
Thrasher struck on Dodman Reef 
and was torn open, the steam pipes of 
one of the boilers burst and the sto- 
kers were in instant peril of their 
lives in the scalding steam. Stoker 
Lynch managed to reach the deck in 
safety, but just then he heard his chum 
cry for help, and plunged back into 
the scalding steam, shouting, "All 
right, Jim; I'm coming!" The res- 
cuer groped his way to his chum and 
bore him up to the deck, getting badly 
burned as he did so, but his only 
thought was of his chum. "Bear up, 
Tim ; we'll get you through, dear old 
boy !" But Jim died of his burns, and 
Lynch almost died of sorrow added to 
his own injuries. When Lynch got 
better there was a parade of sailors 
before the admiral. "Step forth, 
Lynch, and receive this first-class 
Albert medal for conspicuous brav- 
ery !" And his comrades crowned his 
honors with a hearty cheer. Some 
days after, a lady, speaking to a group 
of navy stokers and others, used this 
story of Lynch's courage as an illus- 



tration of moral courage needed in 
fighting drink and saving others. 
"Stand up, Lynch!" shouted his com- 
rades. Modestly he rose, and as an 
appeal had been made for pledge sign- 
ers, he said : "I have not been a drink- 
ing man, but my temptations have 
been very great, and if I should be- 
come a drunkard it would break my 
mother's heart. I should like to sign 
the pledge." He did so, and a hun- 
dred men signed with him. Thus he 
added a new act of courage to his 
record. This incident may well remind 
us that the bravest of the brave are 
those who daily wage an unpopular 
war for the right. 

For God and home, and every land, 

We wage a peaceful war, 
The cross, the banner of reforms, 

Forever at the fore. 

With Christ, invincible, we march, 

Man's direst, foes to slay; 
His word the sword of victory, 

Our allies, all who pray. 

In steps with Him we conquer lust 

And appetite and fraud; 
Defeat, retreat, bring no despair, 

Our courage is in God. 

We thank Him for the victories won, 

And hail the triumph sure; 
At peace amid the battle's brunt, 
The happy that endure. 
(Tune, Coronation.) W. F. C. 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



THE STORY TOLD TO LITTLE TOTS. 



Boys and girls like to hear stories about 
soldiers, and I have one to tell them. 
There was a king named Ben-hadad, who 
got thirty-two other kings to join their 
horses and chariots and soldiers with his 
that they might go together and take the 
city of Samaria, to whose king Ben-hadad 
sent word : "Give me all your gold and 
silver, and wives and children." The king 
of Samaria was so frightened that he said : 
"I am thine and all that I have." But 
Ben-hadad was not satisfied ; he wanted still 



more; so he sent again to the king in 
Samaria and said : "I am going to send my 
servants to your house, and- they shall take 
away everything." Then the king in Sa- 
maria was aroused and sent word to Ben- 
hadad : "I have given you what you asked 
for first, my wives and my children and 
my gold and my silver, but I will not let 
you take anything more.'' Ben-hadad was 
angry, and gave orders that his soldiers 
should be ready to fight. Do you not think 
that Ben-hadad and the thirty-two kings 



How the Pitcher Led to Victory and the Bottle to Defeat. 



53 



and all the soldiers and horses and char- 
iots could make one poor king do as they 
said? Yes, I am sure they could have 
done so if it had not been for two things. 
I am going to let you try to guess what 
those two things were. . If you do not 
guess right, I will tell you about them. 

Now, I will read you a verse from the 
Bible that will tell you what made King 
Ahab of Samaria stronger that Ben-hadad 
and his thirty-two kings, with all their 
chariots and soldiers and horses : "And be- 
hold there came a prophet unto Ahab, king 
of Israel, saying, 'Thus saith the Lord, 
Hast thou seen all this great multitude? 
Behold, I will deliver it into thine hand 
this day, and thou shalt know that I am 
the Lord.' " Now surely you can tell me 
one of the reasons why Ben-hadad and his 
great host could not conquer the king of 
Samaria. Now I will read to you a verse 
from the Bible which will tell you the 
second reason : "Ben-hadad was drinking 
himself drunk ... he and the kings 
the_ thirty-two kings that helped him." 
This is what King Ahab's little army 
found them doing. God put courage into 
the hearts of Ahab's soldiers, and they 
fought Ben-hadad's great army, and killed 
many, and drove the rest away. Ben-ha- 
dad himself had to get away by a very fast 
horse. Most of the thirty-two kings were 
killed. 

Application. 

There is a great enemy, greater than 
Ben-hadad, who is trying to take away all 
that you have. Jesus has said of him, 
"Satan hath desired to have you, that he 
may sift you as wheat," sifting out all of 
your -goodness, and leaving all of your 
badness. He will not do as Ben-hadad and 
his thirty-two kings did, get drunk and let 
you conquer him, but he will try to make 
you like wine and brandy, and all such 
things, so that he can take you. Let me 
write on the blackboard the names of the 
thirty-two kings he has called in to help 
him fight you (read the names as fast as 
I write them, and remember that these 



soldiers of the devil that fight you, an: the 
foes you have to fight) : 

i 111 temper, 18 Coveting, 

2 Selfishness, 19 Boasting, 

3 Hate, 20 Love of money, 

4 Idleness, 21 Cheating, 

5 Disobedience, 22 Swearing, 

6 Envy, 23 Rioting, 

7 Lying, 24 Love of strong 

8 Pride, drink. 

9 Wilfulness, 25 Tobacco, 

10 Quarrelling, 26 Theater, 

11 Anger, 27 Dancing, 

12 Deceit, 28 Hypocrisy^ 

13 Bad company, 29 Evil speaking, 

14 Bad books, 30 Fault finding, 

15 Whining, 3 1 Listening to evil 

16 Stealing, things. 

17 Sabbath-breaking, 32 Bad thoughts. 

Questions. What is the reason Ben-ha- 
dad and his big army could not overcome 
the little army of King Ahab? Because 
they were drunk. If you let yourselves 
learn to like brandy and wine you will not 
be able to fight against these thirty-two 
kings of wickedness whose names we see 
on the blackboard. Why was Ahab's little 
army stronger than Ben-hadad's great 
army? Because God was their helper. God 
can make you stronger than Satan and his 
thirty-two helpers, if you will put your 
trust in Him. 



Horace Greeley, on Government Owner- 
ship of the Liquor Traffic: "It is disrepu- 
table enough for the individual, under the 
pressure of personal wants, to become a 
liquor-seller ; but for the whole State _ to 
become such, and this with no necessity, 
but from pure greed and cowardice, is in- 
famous." 

Hon. Wm. Windom, Secretary of Treas- 
ury, U. S. A.: "Considered socially, finan- 
cially, politically or morally, the licensed 
liquor traffic is or ought to be the over- 
whelming issue in American politics. The 
destruction of this iniquity stands next on 
the world's calendar." 



'Pledge in thy noblest mood against thy worst ; 
Pray then for strength to keep the sacred trust ; 
Prohibit too the drink by God accursed. 



"HIGH LICENSE 

By permission j/ North A 



Washington : "Let us 
raise a standard to which 
the wise and honest can re- 
pair. The event is in the 
hand of God." 

Jefferson : "The excise 
law is an infernal one. The 
first error was to admit it 
by the Constitution, the sec- 
ond was to act on that ad- 
mission." 

Lincoln : "I am not 

bound to win, but I am 

bound to be true. I am 

not bound to succeed, but 

I am bound to live up to the light I have. Stand 

with anybody that stands right. Stand with him 

while he is right, and part with him when he goes 

wrong." 

"Let every friend of temperance frown upon all 
efforts at regulating the cancer. Any license law, 
however stringent, must eventually increase the 
evil." — Speech, Jan. 23, 1853. 

"After reconstruction, the next great question will be the overthrow of the liquor traf- 
fic." — Abraham Lincoln to Mr. J. B. Merwin, April 14, 1865, the morning before his as- 
sassination. 

William McKinley : July 10, 1874 : "Every man who votes for license becomes of 
necessity a partner to the liquor traffic and all its consequences." 

Theodore Roosevelt: "If a candidate be corrupt, then refuse, under any plea of party 
expediency, under any consideration to refrain from smiting him with the sword of the 
Lord and of Gideon." 

Charles Sumner: "Wliere principle is, there is my party." 

Hon. J. W. Longley j Attorney General of Nova Scotia: "It would be the greatest 
blessing in life that could be conferred upon our institutions if in every one of the 
Two Hundred and Fifteen constituents of Canada there were a hundred men who did 
not care a button about party, and voted as they thought was right and proper in the 
interests of the country. Some of those in public life would get hurt, and it would not 
always work right for the machine, but it would influence those high in the councils of 
the nation to pursue a course that would command the respect of the best and truest 
elements in the country." 

Horace Greeley, in New York Tribune: "Now, it is mad, it is driveling, to talk of 
regulating the traffic in intoxicating beverages. Raise the charge for license to $10,000 
and enact that nobody but a doctor of divinity shall be allowed to sell, and you will 
have no material improvement on the state of things now presented, because so long as 
one man is licensed to sell, thousands will sell without license. The law is robbed of all 
moral sanction and force by the fact that it grants dispensations to some who do with 
impunity and for their own profit that which is forbidden to others." 




A Traffic to be Hated and Destroyed* 



Psalm 10: 1-12. 



1 Why standest thou afar off, O Jeho- 
vah? Why hidest thou thyself in times of 
trouble? . 2 In the pride of the wicked the 
poor is hotly pursued; let them be taken 
in the devices that they have conceived. 
3 For the wicked boasteth of his heart's 
desire, and the covetous renounceth, yea, 
contemneth Jehovah. 4 The wicked, in 
the pride of his countenance, saith, He will 
not require it. All his thoughts are, There 
is no God. 5 His ways are firm at all 
times; Thy judgments are far above out 
of his sight: as for all his adversaries, he 
puffeth at them. 6 He saith in his heart, I 
shall not be moved; to all generations I 
shall not be in adversity. 7 His mouth is 
full of cursing and deceit and oppression: 



Under his tongue is mischief and iniquity. 
8 He sitteth in the lurking-places of the 
villages ; In the secret places doth he mur- 
der the innocent; his eyes are privily set 
against the helpless. 9 He lurketh in secret 
as a lion in his covert; he lielh in wait to 
catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, 
when he draweth him in his net. 10 He 
croucheth, he boweth down, and the help- 
less fall by his strong ones. 11 He saith 
in his heart: God hath forgotten. He hid- 
eth his face, he will never see it. 12 Arise, 
O Jehovah ! O God, lift up thy hand ! 

Scripture Side Lights for Home Read- 
ing: Psalms 1, 2, 93, 94, 146; Mark 12: 
38-44- 



Golden Text: Who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity ? — Psalm 

94: 16. 



Although David does not specifi- 
cally teach total abstinence, those who 
fight the drink traffic often turn to 
his psalms for battle songs. The 
eternal principles are there that in 
their growth are overthrowing the 
liquor traffic. 

One of the searching lay sermons 
of John G. Woolley is on the First 
Psalm, from which, by a braver ex- 
position and application than some 
preachers dare to make, he pictures 
the churchmen who in politics "walk 
in the counsel of the ungodly, and 
stand in the way of sinners, and sit 
in the seat of the scoffers." 

The Second Psalm is the very char- 
ter of- every movement for civic re- 
vival, especially the Father's promise 
to the Son (v. 10) : "I will give thee 
the nations — the governments — for 
thine inheritance." The original word, 
translated "heathen," misconceived 
as referring to individuals, the Re- 
vised Bible translates "nations," that 
is, governments outside of Palestine, 
which we are divinely assured are 
to be really Christianized. That will 
mean the end of licensed liquor sell- 
ing. 



The Ninety-third Psalm begins 
with words that Garfield quoted when 
Lincoln was assassinated, and which 
were taken up again as the nation's 
faith when Garfield was shot, "The 
Lord reigneth" — words we need to 
steady us when men and women and 
children are- being assassinated by 
the thousand by the licensed bar- 
rooms. 

When the writer was inaugurating 
a successful campaign for Sunday 
closing of saloons in Los Angeles, in 
1889, he read as the keynote — and 
it was received like a fresh mes- 
sage from heaven — the Ninety-fourth 
Psalm: "O Lord God, to whom ven- 
geance belongeth, show thyself. . . . 
Who will rise up for us against the 
evildoers ?" 

The 146th Psalm is known as 'The 
Crusade Psalm," because the "Cru- 
sade Mother," Mrs. Eliza J. T. 
Thompson, of Hillsboro, Ohio, who 
inaugurated the Woman's Temper- 
ance Crusade, that afterwards grew 
into the World's Woman's Christian 
Temperance Union, found her in- 
spiration in the great promise of that 
psalm, "Jehovah preserveth the fa- 



56 



World Book of Temperance. 



therless and widow, but the way of 
the wicked he turneth upside down." 
Surely one must be a dull reader who 
can think of the barroom remaining 
right side up when God turns "the 
way of the wicked upside down." 

A wine-glass is right side up when 
it is upside down. 

But temperance workers have rec- 
ognized that the Tenth Psalm, more 
than any other, pictures, as from life, 
the modern liquor dealer, especially 
in those countries where by temper- 
ance agitation the evil influence of 
the trafhc has been so fully exposed 
that only one in whom covetousness 
has crushed out every noble impulse 
can pursue such a hateful trade. 

The Gambler, the Boodler, and 
the Brewer* 

Let us first look at this psalm in 
its wider and deeper application. We 
shall cure the drink traffic, "the open 
sore of the world," the sooner if we 
use not skin plasters but fundamental 
remedies. The Psalmist, in denoun- 
cing "the wicked." like other proph- 
ets of old — but unlike some modern 
would-be prophets — hits hardest and 
oftenest at the sins of the rich and 
powerful, and especially at covetous- 
ness, "the root of all kinds of evil," 
the sin Jesus condemned more than 
other save the sin that so often en- 
wrapped it — hypocrisy. 

Nothing so aroused the righteous 
indignation of Christ as a Christian 
profession used as the counterfeit 
label of a selfish life. In the words of 
a modern prophet, Theodore Roose- 
velt, we have a phrase that may be 
of great service in interpreting this 
psalm. In one sentence of a Presi- 
dential message, in 1908, he denounces 
as all alike "undesirable citizens," the 
unscrupulous financier, the gambler 
and liquor seller. The cursed tie that 
binds the three in one group is cov- 



etousness. They will be rich even 
though it must be by heaping up 
muddy and bloody gold. If we would 
really undermine graft, gambling and 
drink, let us diligently teach the chil- 
dren in the home and school and 
church that only wealth that has come 
by promoting the public weal is hon- 
orable. Teach them to regard the 
big houses of brewers and boodlers 
and gamblers as no better than 
"haunted houses." It is foolishness 
to shun a house because there is a 
tradition of ghosts, but it would be 
wisdom to regard a house built with 
the brewer's blood money as really 
haunted with the bitter cries of ruined 
homes and blighted lives, no less unfit 
for habitation or admiration than that 
tyrant's home, who used the blood of 
men to mix the mortar. 

In studying this Psalm, as in all 
reform studies, each special reform 
gets the greater emphasis when it is 
studied not alone but as one heavy 
link in the chain that enslaves men. 
Appetite, Lust and Greed — these are 
the Satanic triumvirate of evil, and the 
greatest of these is Greed, by whose 
prompting Appetite and Lust are 
induced to do most of their devilish 
work. 

Two teachings of this Psalm are: 

1. That the liquor dealer's occupa- 
tion is no better than that of a wild 
beast. 

2. That good men should hate and 
destroy it. 

The Rum Tiger 

"He hirketh in secret as a lion in 
his covert!' (V. 9). This is the cen- 
tral fact in the Psa.im, that there are 
men who turn themselves into wild 
beasts to make money by cheating the 
poor and ignorant. Drink bestializes 
the drinker, making him ape, lion and 
hog in rapid evolution downward ; but 
covetousness makes a man the king 
of beasts, especially when for gain he 



A Traffic to Be Hated and Destroyed. 



S? 



makes it his business to transform 
others into beasts. The liquor dealer 
is indeed that most dreadful of lions, 
"the man-eater," who, having fed on 
a man, will never again content with 
lesser prey. 

It is the tiger, more treacherous 
than the lion that temperance workers 
in the United States most frequently 



abuse peculiar to the United States, 
may easily be adapted to "John Bull," 
or other national personifications 
wherever the government stands as 
protector of the beast that imperils 
home and school and church, prevent- 
ing fathers from destroying the 
destroyer. 

Dr. Talmage preached on the text, 
"It is my son's coat, an evil beast hath 




There are two con- 
clusive proofs that 
prohibition prohibits. 
One is that Ameri- 
can liquor dealers are By permission M.R.Becktell 

spending vast sums in press and posters 
to prove that "more liquor is sold under 
prohibition," which they are so anxious 
to prevent that they will pay advertising 
rates in addition to license fees to pre- 
vent it. The other is that after abundant 
experiments for a hundred years with 
license and prohibition, the American people are adopting prohibi- 
tion faster than ever before. No statistics are needed except the 
rumsellers' expenditures to defeat prohibition and prohibition's 
increasing areas. 



JS. 



choose to picture the liquor traffic. 
Herewith we present three cartoons 
of these rum tigers that need little in- 
terpretation. The first condenses 
centuries of British and American 
history,,, that prove the futility of any 
form of "regulation," whether low 
license, high license, or government 
ownership, to check the deadly work 
of this human beast. 

The second tiger shows the wicked- 
ness of a relapse from prohibition back 
to license, such as sometimes occurs, 
always in such cases by the votes of 
fathers more interested in other issues 
than in home protection. 

The third tiger, though the direct 
application of the picture is to an 



devoured him." Does anyone sup- 
pose that, in preaching on the evil 
beasts that destroy young men, an 
intelligent and honest preacher could 
fail to name the bar-room? 

"In th§ seventeenth century in Bad- 
burg (a little town in Bavaria) a man 
was arrested who on the rack con- 
fessed that the devil had given him 
a girdle by means of which he could 
change himself into a wolf. As a 
wolf he had eaten thirteen children, 
among them his own son. He had 
also bitten to death two men and a 
woman. He was sentenced to be put 
on the wheel, then beheaded after 
being pinched in twelve places on his 
body with red-hot irons. His dead 



58 



World Book of Temperance. 




[By permission of Rev. H. T. Cheever, Worcester, Mass.] 

A VOTE for LICENSE says: "CUT THAT ROPE!" 

Worse than any "blind tiger"* that hides away in dark alleys and devours only the 
"old soaks" that come to him, is a tiger let loose in the streets, by the vote of fathers, 
with the gold license collar of the state on his neck, to destroy the boys and girls. — Rev. 
O. R. Miller. 



body was burned, but his head was set 
on a wooden wolf as a warning, and 
thus kept for many years. 



So runs the old chronicle. Has it 
any parallel in present-day life? 

The next time you open your news- 
paper and read the scare heads 
describing the latest lynching horror 
in the black belt of the United States, 
ask yourself what devil's girdle has 
changed so many negroes into sen- 
sual hyenas. Remember that during 
the four years of the Civil War the 
whole white womanhood of the South, 
in the absence of husband and brother, 
in the death grapple of battle, was at 
the mercy of the black population on 
the plantations. Was there anything 
corresponding to these frightful epi- 

*"Blind tiger" is a term used in the United States for an illegal barroom. When a few 
such are developed in a prohibition town because citizens did not elect, with a good law, good 
officers to enforce it, some thoughtless people say, "We had better have some well-regulated 
saloons instead of these 'blind tigers,' " not being thoughtful enough to see the answer in their 
own figure, namely, that "blind tigers" are necessarily less harmful than tigers with open eyes, 
given free course of the streets by vote of careless fathers. 



sodes at that time ? Oh, no ! What 
has, then, happened since to produce 
the change? Is it emancipation or 
education, or the possession of the 
suffrage? If you get the report of 
the Committee of Fifty on the Liquor 
Laws of the United States and turn 
to the chapter describing the South 
Carolina dispensary you will find a 
sentence. which for all rational men is 
a sufficient answer : "Seventy-five per 
cent, of the sales of the dispensaries 
are to negroes." The souls of the 
black men are poisoned with alcohol 
and their bodies are in due course 
drenched in petroleum and burned." 

So those guilty of social horrors 
the world over, in homes and streets, 
have mostly been bitten by the human 
wolves who have surrendered true 
manhood to make money behind liquor 



A Traffic to Be Hated and Destroyed. 



59 



bars. These are far more dangerous 
than mad dogs, a few of whom 
attracted national attention in the 
United States by human tragedies in 
1908. Many a kind father, bitten by 
the bar-tender, has become the beastly 
terror of his home and neighborhood. 

Let me quote from a reformed 
drunkard's pen the vivid picture of 
the transformation, as of Dr. Jekyl 
to Mr. Hyde, of a man into a beast 
through the power of drink. "Re- 
covering from a debauch, horrible 
thoughts that should make even the 
lowest beast blush with shame, crowd 
through the distorted chambers of his 
brain. At a later stage comes re- 
morse, with it pangs of regret and 
despair, to still further torture the 
unfortunate sufferer. 

"I am speaking now of the man 
who has once been a man — not the 
naturally depraved being who drinks 
out of sheer brutishness, who never 
knew the sensation of a noble thought 
or a good impulse." 

It should be admitted frankly and 
often in temperance articles and 
addresses, to avoid seeming exagger- 
ation, that temperance advocates do 
not forget that probably a majority of 
those who use intoxicants in the most 
advanced countries do not become 
drunkards, or even "drunk," in the 
common meaning of that word, though 
every man whose mind or body is in 
any degree affected by alcohol is 
drunk to that extent. But every man 
who uses intoxicants — the word means 
poison — as a beverage, becomes by 
that habit one of the supporters of a 
svstem which, more than anything 
else, draws humanity down to animal- 
ism, when it should be rising to live 
the nobler life of man's spiritual 
nature. In the words of Charles H. 
Spurgeon, referring to the beastly 
signs above the doors of British drink- 
ing places : 

"Red lions and tigers and eagles 



and vultures are all creatures of prey, 
and why do so many put themselves 
within the power of their jaws and 
talons? Such as drink and live riot- 
ously, and wonder why their faces are 
so blotched and their pockets so bare 
would leave off wondering if they had 
two grains of wisdom. They might 
as well ask an elm-tree for pears as 
to look to loose habits for health and 
wealth. Those who go to the public- 
house for happiness climb a tree for 
fish. The man who spends his money 
with the publican and thinks the land- 
lord's bow and 'How do you do, my 
good fellow?' means true respect is 
a perfect simpleton. We don't light 
fires for the herring's comfort, but to 
roast him. Men do not keep pot- 
houses for the laborer's good. Why, 
then, should people drink 'for the good 
of the house'? If I spend money for 
the good of the house, let it be my own 
house and not the landlord's. It is 
a bad well into which you must put 
water, and the beerhouse is a bad 
friend because it takes your all and 
leaves you nothing but a headache." 
"History, -out of abundant sorrows 




_^Carloo» deiigntd by W. F. Crajts. 
Uncle Sam protects with die shield of "interstate 
commerce" the "blind tigers" fed on "original pack- 
ages" by liquor dealers outside the State, so that fath„ 
ers can not defend their own ho vs. 



6o 



World Book of Temperance. 



and tragedies, has proved that alcohol 
is: 

i. A Mocker, saying "Good cheer," but 
leading men to the lockup. 

2. A Cheat, receiving much value, but re- 
turning none. 

3. A Liar, promising to warm and 
strengthen, but doing neither. 

4. A Thief, robbing the till of every hon- 
est merchant. 

5. A Bandit, despoiling laborers on their 
way home from toil. 

6. A Debaucher, whose haunt is hung 
with obscene pictures. 

7. A Corrupter, making men worse, but 
never better. 

8. A Disturber, causing contention, acci- 
dents and_ general disorder. 

9. A Kidnapper, stealing boys from the 
home and enslaving free men. 

10. A Ravager, whose wounded fill asy- 
lums, hospitals and almshouses. 

11. A Poisoner, whose victims die in 
dreadful delirium. 

12. A Murderer— alias Eau-de-vie— who 
deals out death. 

13. A Tyrant, ruling by bribery and the 
help of shameless allies. 

14. An Anarchist, who daily defies the law 
of the state. 

15. A Traitor, pretending to enrich the 
nation, but working its ruin. 

The Duty of Hating, 

The indictment we have just 
quoted reminds us that it is too much 
forgotten that the Bible teaches us, 
as in this Psalm, so in many passages, 
to "hate evil" as well as to love the 
good.* 

Dr. Thomas Arnold, the great 
Rugby teacher, once said: "I have 
heard enough about boys that love 
God. Commend me to a boy that not 
only loves God but hates the devil." 
One is but half a Christian who is 
not "a good hater." Of course he 
will not hate the sinner but the sin. 
When New York City was having a 
third uncovering of its abominations, 
a careful observer remarked that the 
chief effect upon public sentiment 
there was "vexation rather than indie:- 

*Ex. 18 : 21 ; Deut. 12 : 31 ; 16 : 22 ; Ps. 
119: 104, 113, 128, 163; Prov. 6: 16; 8: 13; 
3 : 15 ; Heb, 1:9; Jutfe 23 ; Rev. 2 : 6, 15, 



nation." The man who lacks the 
"blood and iron" of strong moral 
indignation at wrong-doing, and can 
read of wrongs without a quickened 
pulse, should study the noblest char- 
acters of the world, who could hate 
as well as love. Let him behold "the 
wrath of the Lamb" in the gentle 
Christ as He hurls "the sevenfold 
lightning of His seven times uttered, 
'Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, 
hypocrites, vipers !' because these men 
of long prayers preyed, in another 
sense, on 'widows' houses.' John, the 
Beloved, was the tenderest of the 
Apostles, but he combined, as we 
should all do, sweetness and fire. No 
Bible writer calls a lie a lie, and a liar 
a liar, so often as John. Even in 
David's rougher age it is claimed, with 
strong arguments, that his severe 
imprecations were really against men 
as enemies of God. As for his own 
enemies, his general, Joab, said chid- 
ingly, "Thou lovest thine enemies." 
Three times, at least, he spared foes 
that his comrades urged him to kill. 
"Do not I hate them that hate thee?" 
(Psa. 139: 21, 22) is the key to his 
imprecations. 

What are You Going to Do About 
It? 

"Break thou the arm of the wicked" 
(v. 15). That means prohibition, if 
it is the "arm" of the liquor traffic 
that is to be broken. God will do His 
part; let us do ours. In the words 
of Rev. Dr. Aked, formerly of Eng- 
land, now of New York City: "The 
common sale of intoxicating drink 
does such harm to the whole commu- 
nitv, and not merely to those who take 
'.he drink, that in its own interest and 
tor its' own protection the community 
has a right to prohibit the sale. This 
crime must be stopped. The law, 
which prohibits the use of naked lights 

5 : 5 : 26 : 5 : 31 : 6 ; 45 : 7 ; 97 : 10 ; 101 : 3 ; 
13: 5; 28: 16; Eccl. 3:8; Isa. 61 : 8 ; Amos 



A Traffic to Be Hated and Destroyed. 



61 



in the coalpit, can prohibit the com- 
mon sale of intoxicating drinks. And 
while we practise and preach total 
abstinence for the individual, we shall 
cherish the ideal of total prohibition 
for the State. And if we do not live 
to see the final triumph of our cause, 
at least we can die righting. We can 
save our souls alive, and we can spend 
our last breath in a war shout in 
defense of the right and in defiance 
of the wrong." 



Here we may fitly cite a modern 
imprecatory psalm, uttered by Gov- 
ernor J. Frank Hanly, of Indiana, at 
the Republican State Convention in 
1908, which found swift response in 
a party promise that the people of the 
State by counties should have oppor- 
tunity to outlaw the saloons. 

Such an indictment calls for a sen- 
tence of banishment. At least let 
every man make a prohibitory law for 
his own mouth to guard his brain. 



Why I Hate the Liquor Traffic* 

Governor Hanly, of Indiana, U. S. A. 

I have seen so much of the evils of the liquor traffic, so much ot its economic 
waste, so much of its physical ruin, so much of its mental blight, so much of 
its tears and heartache, that I have come to regard the business as one that 
must be held and controlled by strong and effective laws. I bear no malice 
toward those engaged in the business, but I hate the traffic. I hate its every 
phase. I hate it for its commercialism. I hate it for its greed and avarice. 

I hate it for its domination in politics. I hate it for its incessant effort to 
debauch the suffrage of the country. I hate it for its utter disregard of law. 

I hate it for the load it straps to labor's back, for its wounds to genius. I 
hate it for the human wrecks it has caused. I hate it for the almshouses it 
peoples, for the prisons it fills, for the insanity it begets, for its countless graves 
in potters' fields. 

I hate it for the mental ruin it imposes upon its victims, for its spiritual 
blight, for its moral degradation. I hate it for the crimes it has committed. I 
hate it for the homes it has destroyed. I hate it for the hearts it has broken. 
I hate it for the grief it causes womanhood — the scalding tears, the hopes de- 
ferred, the strangled aspirations. I hate it for its heartless cruelty to the aged, 
the infirm and the helpless, for the shadow it throws upon the lives of children. 

I hate it as virtue hates vice, as truth hates error, as righteousness hates sin, 
as justice hates wrong, as liberty hates tyranny, as freedom hates oppression. 



There's an evil in the land, 

Drive it out ! 
It's a curse to every man, 

Drive it out ! 
It is whiskey, rum and beer. 
That enslaves us year by year, 
Will you not these fetters clear? 

Drive it out! 



Do you see the drunkard's home? 

Drive it out ! 
Do you hear the mother's groan ? 

Drive it out ! 
Do you see our youthful men, 
Doomed to death by "Satan's den?" 
Do you see the drunkard's end? 

Drive it out ! 



Drive it out ! Drive it out ! 
Men Of love and faith and prayer. 
Be the kind to do and dare. 
Live for temperance everywhere ! 
Drive it out ! 



George W. L issuer. 



62 



World Book of Temperance. 



ANCIENT HERALDS OF TOTAL ABSTINENCE. 



Amen-em-an, Egyptian Priest, 2000 B.C., 
in letter to a pupil Thou knowest that wine 
is an abomination; thou hast taken an oath 
concerning strong drink that thou wouldest 
not put such into thee. Hast thou forgot- 
ten thine oath? ... I, thy superior, 
forbid thee to go to the taverns. Thou 
art degraded like the beasts! God regards 
not the breakers of pledges. — Quoted in 
Lees "Text-Book of Temperance," p. 141. 

Moses, 1490 B.C., in Lev. 10 : 8 : And the 
Lord spake unto Aaron, saying, Drink no 
wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons 
with thee. 

Solomon, 1000 b.c., in Proverbs 23: 29- 
35 : Look not thou upon the wine when it 
is red. 

Homer, 950 (?) b.c. {Hector's mother 
speaks) : "Far hence be Bacchus' gifts," 
Hector rejoined (see p. 51.) 

Isaiah, 760 b.c, in 5 : 22 : Woe unto 
ehem that are mighty to drink wine. 

Habakkuk, 626 b.c, in 2: 15: Woe unto 
him that giveth his neighbor drink. 

Anacharsis, the Scythian, 500 b. c. : 
Wine bringeth forth three grapes, the first 
of pleasure, the second of drunkenness, and 
the third of sorrow. 

Buddha^ 500 ( ?) ^ b.c, in Fifth Penta- 
logue: Drink not liquors that intoxicate 
and disturb the reason. 

Chinese Author of "She-King/' 450 
(?) b.c: 

Thus to the tyrant Shen, our King, Wan 
said: 
"Alas ! alas ! Yin's king so great, 
Not Heaven but spirits flush your face 
with red. 
That evil thus you imitate. 
You do in all your conduct what is wrong, 

Darkness to you the same as light, 
Your noisy feasts and revels you prolong, 
And day through you is black as night." 
— Quoted by Dorchester, p. 17. 

Paul, 58 a.d., in Rom. 14: 21: It is good 
not to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor to 
do anything whereby thy brother stum- 
bleth. 

Pliny, the Elder, 79 a.d. : In the course 
of life there is nothing about which we 



put ourselves to more trouble than wine, 
as if nature had not given to us the most 
salubrious drink, with which all other ani- 
mals are satisfied. . . . And from so 
much pain, so much labor, so much ex- 
pense, it is evident that it changes the mind 
of man, and causes fury and rage, casting 
headlong the wretches given to it into a 
thousand crimes and vices; its fascination 
being so great that the multitude can see 
no other object worth living for. 

Plutarch, 100 ( ?) a.d. : There is never 
the body of a man, how strong and stout 
soever, if it be troubled and inflamed, but 
will take more harm and offence by wine 
being poured into it. Many there be, who 
oft have recourse to wine, when, I think, 
they had more need to run to the water — 
namely, when overheated with the sun, or 
frozen and frigid with the cold, or when 
overstrained with speaking, or exhausted 
with study and reading of books, and gen- 
erally when weary with violent exercise and 
long travel. Then, indeed, they fancy that 
they ought to drink wine, as if nature her- 
self called for such treating — but in truth 
she desires no good to be done to her in 
this wise. Such persons should be totally- 
debarred of wine, or else enjoined to drink 
it well allayed with water. 

Augustine (d. 430 a.d.) : Drunkenness 
is a flattering devil, a sweet poison, a pleas- 
ant sin, which whosoever hath, hath not 
himself; which whosoever doth commit 
committeth not a single sin, but becomes 
the centre and the slave of all manner of 
sin. 

Mohammed (d. 632 a.d.), in Koran 5:7: 
Surely wine and lots are an abomination, a 
snare of Satan, therefore avoid them. 

Author of the Eddas, 1050 (?) a.d.: 
No worse companion can a man take on 
his journey — 
Than drunkenness. 
Not as good as many believe 
Is beer to the sons of men. 
The more one drinks, the less he knows, 
And less power has he over himself. 

Luther, 1522 : Where wili we find a ser- 
mon strong enough to restrain us in our 
scandalous, hoggish life, and to rescue us 
from this Drink Devil? — From a Sermon 
on 1 Pet. 4 : 7, published in The Voice, Aug. 
20th, 1885. 

(Continued on page 68.) 



Whosoever is Deceived Thereby is Not Wise* 



Prov. 20: 1-13. 



1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink a 
brawler: And whosoever erreth thereby is 
not wise. 2 The terror of a king is as the 
roaring of a lion: he that provoketh him 
to anger sinneth against his own life. 3 
It is an honor for a man to keep aloof 
from strife; but every fool will be quar- 
relling. 4 The sluggard will not plow by 
reason of the winter; therefore he shall 
beg in harvest, and have nothing. 5 Coun- 
sel in the heart of man is like deep water; 
but a man of understanding will draw it 
out. 6 Most men will proclaim every one 
his own kindness; but a faithful man who 
can find? 7 A righteous man that walketh 



in his integrity, blessed are his children 
after him. 8 A king that sitteth on the 
throne of judgment scattereth away all evil 
with his eyes. 9 Who can say, I have made 
my heart clean, I am pure from my sin? 
10 Diverse weights and diverse measures, 
both of them alike are an abomination to 
Jehovah. 11 Even a child maketh him- 
self known by his doings, whether his 
work be pure, and whether it be right. 12 
The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, Je- 
hovah hath made even both of them. 13 
Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty; 
open thine eyes, and thou shalt be satis- 
fied with bread. 



Golden Text: Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler. — Prov. 20: 1. 



"Wine is a mocker." Centuries of 
deadly delusion are summed up in 
that saying. In Bible times wine was 
the most common intoxioating drink. 
Distillation, by which separate alcohol 
and distilled liquors ,were produced, 
was invented in the twelfth century. 
Wine proved a mocker, for it promised 
joy, but really brought sorrow. It 




ORIENTAL WINE CUP. 

promised strength, but really pro- 
duced weakness. It was called the 
"social glass," but it turned friends 
into fighting foes." It was drunk as 
"health," but it promoted disease. Yet 
for ages men believed its false prom- 
ises, and many of those reputed 
"wise," proved themselves foolish by 
being "deceived thereby." The Bible 
taught, in Proverbs and other pass- 



ages, that wine is the chief cause of 
poverty, the ally of lust and all other 
evils, and commanded us not even to 
"look" at it; but not until the nine- 
teenth century did even the most ad- 
vanced churches advocate abstinence 
from this deceiving destroyer ; though 
there were a few individual advocates 
of abstinence at an earlier time. In 
1834, American temperance societies 
and churches in convention assembled, 
gave up the fruitless "moderation" 
movement, and also the fallacy that 
alcohol taken in beer and wine, instead 
of brandy and whiskey, would do no 
harm. They worked hard to save 
drunkards \>y pledging them not to 
drink; but with open saloons inviting 
them to drink all along their path, 
most of them fell into their old habits 
again. All sorts of "restrictive" 
license laws failed to restrict, and so 
in 1850 the churches generally de- 
clared in favor of prohibitory laws, 
by which it should be made "as hard 
as possible to do wrong, and as easy 
as possible to do right." With the in- 
crease of immigration, of cities, and 
of prosperity, the consumption of 
liquors increased in our country 
until, in 1907, it reached high tide, 



6 4 



World Book of Temperance. 



twenty-three gallons per capita, with 
corresponding increase of evil conse- 
quences in the home, in business, and 
in politics, all of which lose when the 
liquor habit gains. This, in brief, is 
the history of the temperance move- 
ment, which we may appropriately 
recall on this Temperance Sunday, be- 
cause history is the best exposition of 
what is at once our golden text, and 
the lesson's opening verse. 

"Mocker" and Murderer, 

But alas, "wine is a mocker" still in 
spite of all past exposures of its tricks. 
As confidence men use over and over 
again the trick of greeting a stranger 
as an old friend, and then lure him 
into some resort and get his money 
by some gambling trick or other rob- 
bery, so the same tricks with which 
wine fooled Noah, and Alexander the 
Great, are used successfully in our 
own land to-day. Still, in the name 
of friendship, men take that which has 
made many a man kill his best friend. 
The story is an old one, and in sub- 
stance has been true of many a 
wrecked home, of the man who in 
drunken madness killed the wife he 
dearly loved. He knew nothing of his 
act nor of the imprisonment that fol- 
lowed till he awoke the next day, and 
inquired, "Where am I ?" "In prison." 
"What for?" "For murder." "Does 
my wife know?" "You have murdered 
her." Then came madness indeed. 
And that is the stuff people have 
taken for centuries to manifest friend- 
ship ! "Wine is a mocker, strong 
drink is raging) and whosoever is de- 
ceived thereby is not wise." 

Danger Signals* 

Wine is especially a mocker in that 
even when a man's neighbors all see 
he is a slave to drink, he commonly 
thinks himself in no danger. Let us 



challenge our drinking friends to let 
the drink alone for a whole week to 
see whether the liking for it has not 
already a stronger hold on them than 
they think. 

Here is an apropos story : "This 
red flag is a signal of danger, Nannie," 
said the tall engineer, as he gave his 
daughter a little red flag. "A signal, 
father?" And Nannie's blue eyes 
were lifted toward her father in 
anxious inquiry. "Yes, it means 
danger." If anything is not just 
right, that red flag on the railroad 
track is a sign, and the engineer will 
stop his train." "Would you stop 
yours, father?" "I rather think so, 
Nannie Payson. If I didn't there 
would be trouble. What I have given 
you is only a toy flag, but you may 
like to play with it." Nannie was an 
enthusiastic child. She eagerly seized 
the toy flag, and delightedly played 
with it. Her father had scarcely left 
the room to hurry off to his train, 
when she heard her mother sighing. 
"Oh, dear!" Then her mother cried. 
"Oh, I wouldn't cry!" urged Nannie, 
throwing her arms about -her mother's 
neck. Tell me what is the matter." 
The mother hated to say. "I know 
w T hy it is." She went to a closet and 
opened the door. She pointed to a 
black bottle on a shelf. "That is it, 
mother." The mother nodded her 
head. "It is growing on him, Nannie. 
He does not think so, but he drinks 
more than he used to, and he drinks 
oftener. He will lose his place on the 
road the next thing." The fumes of 
whiskey the engineer had taken es- 
caped from the closet into the room. 
"He thinks people don't know, but 
they can't help knowing. Just as the 
smell of it is coming out of the closet, 
the trouble gets out, and everybody 
knows it, Nannie. You can't hide it." 
What could Nannie do? She resolved 
to do one thing the next day, though 
she made up her mind with fear and 



Whosoever is Deceived Thereby is Not Wise. 



65 



trembling. When the engineer went 
to the closet the next morning, he 
saw the toy flag beside the bottle, red 
beside the black, the danger signal 
near the drink of death, and so the 
father was saved. 

Warnings of Medical Scknce* 

The Irish, Temperance League 
Journal shows what a mocker wine 
is in the following list of excuses for 
using drink as a medicine, with the 
answers made by great doctors to 
their self-deceiving words : 

Mr. A. — I must have a little wine 
because my blood is poor. Dr. Kerr: 
Alcohol injures the blood. 

Mr. B. — I can't do without a little 
because I suffer from indigestion. Dr. 
Bowman: Alcohol retards digestion. 

Mr. C. — I have brain fever and I 
need alcohol. Sir Henry Thompson : 
Of all the people who cannot stand 
alcohol it is the brain workers. 

Mr. D. — I am rather nervous and, 
therefore, I take a little. Dr. Brunton : 
The effect of alcohol upon the nervous 
system is to paralyze it. 

Mr. E. — I suffer with my liver, so 
I take a little occasionally. Dr. Nor- 
man Kerr : Alcohol hardens the liver. 

Mr. F. — I am a victim to kidney 
disease, which is my reason for tak- 
ing alcohol. Dr. Norman Kerr : Al- 
cohol destroys the kidneys. 

Mr. G. — I am weak and need some- 
thing to strengthen my muscles. Sir 
B. Richardson : The action of alcohol 
is to lessen the muscular power. 

Mr. H. — I have to work in a cool 
place, and must have some alcohol to 
warm me. Dr. John Rae: The 
greater the cold the more injurious 
is the use of alcohol. 

Mr. I. — I don't get enough food, so 
I rely upon a little alcohol to supply 
extra food to nourish me. Dr. J. C. 
Reid : There is no support to the body 
in the use of alcohol. 

Mr. J. — I have to undergo an oper- 



ation and I must take a little. Dr. 
Bantock: I believe that all surgical 
operations are safer without alcohol. 

Mrs. K. — I have a little babe to 
nurse, and therefore I have to take 
"stout." Dr. Heywood Smith: It is 
a popular mistake to think that the 
drinking of "stout" makes you better 
nurses. 

Mr. L. — I feel low sometimes, so it 
is needful for me. Dr. Wilkes : Alco- 
hol is a depresser, and people are 
under a delusion who think otherwise. 

Mr. M. — I am rather "run down," 
and I have to take a little alcohol to 
build me up. "The Lancet :" As an 
agent for producing degeneration 
alcohol is unrivalled. 

Mr. N. — I have a weak heart — 
that is my reason. Dr. Sims Wood- 
head: I never use brandy for heart; 
hot milk is better. 

Mr. O. — I have a complication of 
complaints. I am forced to take it. 
Dr. Dickson, Canada,: Alcohol is the 
most destructive agent to every organ 
and tissue of the body, either in a 
state of health or disease. 

Another Delusion* 

Another way in which wine has 
long been a successful mocker is in 
the plea so often made by men whose 
liberal education should have taught 
them better, that the desire for intoxi- 
cants is a universal human craving 
that will be satisfied in one way if not 
another, and therefore we might as 
well stop our efforts whether for vol- 
untary abstinence or enforced prohibi- 
tion. Temperance Sunday is a good 
time to deal this ignorant plea a death 
blow, by making the cheering- fact 
universally known, that halt the 
world's population never tasted alco- 
hol in any form, nor their fathers nor 
grandfathers before them. Total 
abstinence is one great virtue of Hin- 
duism, Buddhism and Mohammedan- 
ism, which, together, present about 



66 



World Book of Temperance. 



700,000,000 of living refutations of 
the lazy plea that it is no use to work 
against the drink curse, because all 
peoples are under its spell. White 
men are breaking down this one vir- 
tue in hundreds of heathen, with 
whom they associate in military, civil 
and educational circles, but it is only 
hundreds among millions of these 
Oriental abstainers that have yet 
been corrupted, and Temperance 
Sunday ought to be so used as to stay 
the tide of rum and opium that is 
pouring into heathen lands from 
so-called "Christian lands," whose 
bad men do this hellish work under 
permission of "Christian govern- 
ments," because "Christian citizens," 
who have the ability, and so the 
responsibilty to stop it, are too busy 
with the mint, anise and cummin of 
religion to attend to this "weightier 
matter of the law." 

'Whosoever is deceived thereby is 
not wise" (Revision, erreth thereby). 
On the top of a London omnibus the 
conductor said to a preacher whose 
fare he was collecting, "I haven't 
forgotten what you said, sir, about the 
mirage." The clergyman looked up 
and said, "I don't remember." "It 
was at the midnight service, sir. You 
preached about the mirage becoming 
a pool, and it's never left my mind 
since." "So the text has remained in 
your mind for six months," remarked 
the clergyman, his heart glad to find 
that the seed was taking root. "Tell 
me something more about yourself and 
this sermon." "You see, sir," went 
on the man very earnestly, "I've been 
a soldier, and I've traveled a deal, and 
I've seen the mirage, and it was just 
as you described. You couldn't help 
being taken in. You thought as there 
was water, and, lo, and behold, when 
you rushed up, it seemed to slip away 
from you, like. And when you said as 
there was lots of things as cheated us 
similar, I seed it as I'd never seed it 



before." Wine and all alcoholic drinks 
are such a mirage in the journey of 
life. They promise to slake our thirst, 
only to increase it. They promise to 
"drown our sorrow," and they bring 
new sorrows. 

William Jennings Bryan, in a speech 
before the Legislature of Oklahoma, 
said, "One proverb I have often quoted 
is, The wise man foreseeth the evil 
and hideth himself, but the foolish 
pass on and are punished.' It is a 
great truth, and beautifully expressed, 
but I found it did not stick in people's 
minds, and so I condensed it, and it is 
the only effort I have ever made to 
improve upon a proverb ; _ and this is 
not an improvement, it is merely a 
condensation. It is not as beautiful as 
Solomon's proverb, but more easily 
remembered. It means the same thing 
in a condensed form, The wise man 
gets the idea into his head, the foolish 
man gets it in the neck/ ' : 

A homely but most pertinent illus- 
tration of the folly of those who are 
"deceived" into gradual enslavement 
to drink is the following sketch by 
Judson Kempton, from the "Endeavor 
World:" 

"That sticky fly-paper there," 
remarked Uncle 'Lijah, as he pulled 
his Chicago paper out of his pocket 
and sat down in his accustomed place 
in the grocery store, "is a good 'eel 
like what the preacher calls 'vice/ and 
I wonder why he ain't never brung 
it in his sermon. 

"Now, you take that fly jist lit on 
the aidge, an' watch him awhile. He's 
as frisky as a colt. Runs his suckin'- 
machine down on everything in sight, 
but yit he's ready to stop work any 
minute to play a game of tag with 
any other fly. 

"Shoo him off, an' lie ain't a bit 
scared of your hand, big as it is, but 
lights on the top of it, an' goes to 
work suckin' at the pores an' scatterin' 
mycrobes all over it. 



Whosoever is Deceived Thereby is Not Wise. 



6 7 



"Shoo him ag'in, an' back he goes 
to the fly-paper. He sees it's all cov- 
ered over with dead victims. He sees 
they's a ho' lot more that 'ud give 
their legs an' their wings ef they cud 
git away. He hears 'em buzzin', an' 
sees 'em pullin', an' yankin', an' tryin' 
to git out; but he, he don't care. 

"He thinks he can walk all over 
that fly-paper ef he wants to ; thinks 
he kin wade right through it. 

"Says he, 'Why, I ain't like them 
fellers ; they don't know when to stop, 
but I can take it up an' leave it off 
whenever \ want to. I'm a-goin' to 
light on there anyhow an' when I 
feel that it's a-gettin' too strong a 
hold on me, I'll simply let go an' get 
away in time.' 

"So there you see him light. Fer a 
minit it seems all right. Says he, 
'There's nuthin' wrong with this : It 
ain't hot, an' it ain't cold, an' it ain't 
no spider's web.' 

"Then he goes to move, an' he finds 
his leg sticks. He goes to pull back, 
an' his front feet won't budge. 

"He gets a little scared, an' tries to 
fly. He can't git off. 

"Then he makes the biggest an' the 
wildest effort he ever made in his life. 
He works his wings so you can hear 
him all over the store. He wiggles 
his legs till he's red in the face. He 
gits up a little ways, but his suckin' 
old feet still hold on. 

"The thought comes over him that 
he'll never fly ag'in. He says, 'I will, 
if I -have to lift this whole ten-acre 
sheet of tangle- foot !' An' he makes 
one last buzz that sounds away up in 
G sharp. 

"But nothin' moves. The paper is 
just as flat as ever. The fly next him 
that's a-layin' on its side, an' can't 
move anything but its winkers, closes 



one eye as much as to say, 'You 
might as well give up tryin' to reform, 
an' settle down with me.' The rest of 
'em don't pay any attention to his 
struggles. 

"So pretty soon he gives up hope, 
settles back, gets his wings daubed till 
they won't buzz any more ; an' pretty 
soon all he can do is to make a few 
weak motions with his legs. 

"Then he sees another young fly 
hoverin' over the trap. Do you think 
he gives him warning an' tells him 
to keep away? No, sirree, he don't. 
No more than a victim of drink, or 
gambling, or European Sundays, or 
any low-down vice, will warn off his 
fellow man. 

"What's that? Flies can't commu- 
nicate with other flies? Well, then, 
that shows that some humans that call 
themselves 'good fellows' are really, 
when you git down to it, smaller- 
hearted than the flies !" 

The Bishop's Bottle and Bible. 

A certain bishop, years ago, was 
strongly opposed to prohibition, and 
his sideboard was lined with brandy, 
wine, etc. On one occasion the Rev. 
Mr. Perkins, of the Sons of Temper- 
ance, dined with the Bishop, who, 
pouring out a glass of wine, desired 
him to drink with him. 

"Can't do it, Bishop. 'Wine is a 
mocker.' " 

"Take a glass of brandy, then." 
"No. 'Strong drink is raging.' '" 
By this time the Bishop, becoming- 
excited, remarked to Mr. Perkins. 
"You'll pass the decanter to the gen- 
tleman next to you." 

"No, Bishop, I can't do that. Woe 
unto him that putteth the bottle to his 
neighbor's lips.' " 



See Clnss Pledge, page 12S. 



ANCIENT HERALDS OF TOTAL ABSTINENCE. 

{Continued from page 62.) 



Shakespeare (d. 1616), in Othello: Oh, 
thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast 
no name to be known by, let us call thee— - 
devil. 

Lord Bacon (d. 1626) : All the crimes 
on earth do not destroy so many of the 
human race, nor alienate so much property 
as intemperance. 

Milton (d. 1674) : What more foul sin 
among us than drunkenness ; and who can 
be ignorant that if the importation of wine 
and the use of all strong drink were forbid, 
it would be both clean rid the possibility 
of committing that odious vice, and men 
might afterward live happily and health- 
fully without the use of those intoxicating 
liquors ? 

Some by violent stroke shall die, 
By fire, flood, famine ; by intemperance 
more. 

Prior (d. 1721) : 

Memory confused, and interrupted thought, 

Death's harbingers, lie latent in the 
draught; 

And in the flowers that wreath the spark- 
ling bowl, 

Fell adders hiss, and poisonous serpents 
roll. 

Kant (b. 1724) : Beer is very injurious 
to health and destructive of life. 

Young, in "Night Thoughts/' 1742 : 

In our world Death deputes 
Intemperance to do the work of Age; 
And, hanging up the quiver Nature gave 

him, 
As slow of execution, for dispatch, 
Sends forth his licensed butchers ; bids 

them slay 
Their sheep (the silly sheep they fleeced 

before), 
And toss him twice ten thousand at a meal. 
. . . O what a heap of slain 
Cry out for vengeance on us ! 

Chesterfield, in Speech against the Gin 
Act, 1743 : Vice, my lords, is not properly 
to be taxed, but to be suppressed. ; . . 
Luxury, my lords, may very properly be 
taxed. But the use of these things which 
are simply hurtful — hurtful in their own 
nature, and in every degree — is to be pro- 
hibited. If their liquors are so delicious 
that the people are templed to their own 
destruction, let us at length, my lords, se- 
cure them from these fatal draughts by 
bursting the viais that contain them. Let 
us check these artists in human slaughter, 
which have reconciled their countrymen 



to sickness and to ruin, and spread over the 
pitfalls of debauchery such baits as cannot 
be resisted. When I consider, my lords, 
the tendency of this bill, I find it calculated 
only for the propagation of disease, the sup- 
pression of industry, and the destruction 
of mankind. For the purpose, my lords, 
what could have been invented more effi- 
cacious than shops at which poison may be 
vended, poison so prepared as to please 
the palate, while it_ wastes the strength and 
kills only by intoxication? 

Rowland Hill (b. 1744) : Public-houses, 
the bane of the country, excite the strong- 
est indignation in my mind. 

Fielding (d. 1754) : Wine and youth are 
fire upon fire. 

John Wesley, 1760 : All who sell liquors 
in the common way, to any that will buy, 
are poisoners general, (see p. 80.) 

John Adams, 1761 : Like so many_ boxes 
of Pandora, dram-shops are hourly scat- 
tering, plagues of every kind — natural, 
moral, and political. The worst effect of 
all, and which ought to make every man, 
who has the least sense of his privileges, 
tremble, these houses are become in many 
places the nurseries . of our legislators. 
. . . I think it would be well worth the 
attention of our Legislature to confine the 
number and retrieve the character of li- 
censed houses, lest that impiety and pro- 
faneness, that abandoned intemperance and 
prodigality, that impudence and brawling 
temper, which these abominable nurseries 
daily propagate, should arrive at last to a 
degree of strength that even the Legisla- 
ture will not be able to control. 

Oliver Goldsmith \d. 1774): In all the 
towns and countries I have seen, I never 
saw a city or a village yet, whose miseries 
were not in proportion to the number of its 
public-houses. . . . Ale-houses, are ever 
an occasion of debauchery and excess, and 
either in a political or religious light, it 
would be our highest interest to have them 
suppressed. 

Cowper, in "The Task," published 1785 : 
Ten thousand casks, 
For ever dribbling out their base contents, 
Touched, by the Midas finger of the State, 
Bleed gold for ministers to sport away. 
Drink and be mad, then ; 'tis your country 

bids! 
Gloriously drunk obey th' important call! 
The cause demands the assistance of your 

throats ; 
Ye all can swallow, and she asks no more. 




THEY THAT TARRY LONG AT THE WINE; THEY THAT GO TO SEEK MIXED WINE. 

Wisdom's Warnings Against Wine* 

Proverbs 23: 29-33. 



29 Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? 
who hath contentions? Who hath com- 
plaining? who hath wounds without cause? 
Who hath redness of eyes? 30 They that 
tarry long at the wine ; they that go to 
seek out mixed wine. 31 Look not thou 



upon the wine when it is red^ when it 
sparkleth in the cup, when it go'eth down 
smoothly: 32 At the last it biteth like a 
serpent, and stingeth like an adder. S3 
Thine eyes shall behold strange things, and 
thy heart shall utter perverse things. 



Golden Text: At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder 

Prov. 23: 32. 



"Who hath woe? Who hath sor- 
row?" Literally, Who hath Oh? 
Who hath Alas? The Bible answers 
that it is the very tipplers whose motto 
is, "A short life but a happy one!" 
That even moderate drinking shortens 
life, insurance tables declare. If the 
drink does not bring- even gladness, 
but rather "woe" and "sorrow," what 
<lo the drinkers get in return for their 



money? They pay out over a billion 
a year in the United States alone. 
When the nation was founded, scarcely 
anybody doubted that the drinker got 
a threefold return for his money, 
namely, food, medicine and joy. 

Liquid Bread* 

When the Declaration of Independ- 
ence was written, few, if any. would 



7° 



World Book of Temperance. 



have questioned that the right to "life, 
liberty and the pursuit of happiness," 
included the right to drink. Alcoholic 
beverages were considered "liquid 
bread," quite as much as milk is to- 
day. Beer is still called "the poor 
man's bread," which seems like satire, 
in view of the fact that if the alleged 
"nutrition" of the barley sediment be 
admitted — and it is not — it would take 
to fill a flour barrel 313 gallons of beer 
— equivalent to buying flour at $250.40 
per barrel. Few have even pretended, 
in the last half century, to drink for 
the sake of "nutrition." Professor 
Atwater has recently revived some- 
what the generally abandoned theory 
that alcohol has a "food value." He 
has not claimed that it builds flesh or 
bone, but only that it produces heat 
energy and is, therefore, a food, in 
the sense of fuel — a very dangerous 
fuel, he has admitted. The National 
Educational Convention, after full 
consideration, voted his theory "not 
proven," and so the tippler who is 
really after "fuddle," will still be 
unable to pretend he is drinking food. 

"Drinking Health/' 

Nor can he longer pass the claim 
that in self-prescribed social bever- 
ages he is drinking to anybody's 
"health." All that science has left 
him is the claim that he gets the equiv- 
alent of his money in enjoyment. But 
the Bible and experience declare that 
this claim is as false as the others. 
It is "woe" and "sorrow" he gets for 
his investments in intoxicants. The 
temporary pleasure is but the froth 
on the cup, whose dregs are headache 
and heartache. 

Whatever may be the case in other 
countries, or with older people in this 
country, there is little danger that our 
boys, with scientific temperance edu- 
cation in nearly all our schools, will 
adopt the drink habit for the sake of 
strength or health. They know too 



well that the rule of the athlete, train- 
ing for some great test of strength, is 
to avoid intoxicants. The ancient 
error embodied in the name "strong 
drink," has thus been canceled for 
them. If they drink, it will be because 
they think it is the way to "have a 
good time." We shall save the new 
generation, if we can prove to our 
boys — and girls, too — that "wine is a 
mocker," no less when it promises 
happiness than when it promises 
health. This international lesson is 
an opportunity to prove this all round 
the world, at a time when the drink 
habit is declared by a commission of 
the British Parliament, and by mis- 
sionaries, to be increasing almost 
everywhere. Every teacher should, 
by earnest preparation and prayer, 
resolve that every member of his class 
shall be fully persuaded by the facts 
he will marshal, that wine brings 
"woe" for both worlds. There is no 
other available world force that could 
do so much to turn back the rising- 
tide of drink as the faithful use of the 
Quarterly Temperance Lessons. 

Drink Promotes Strife* 

"Who hath contentions?" First of 
all, the drinker has inward "conten- 
tions" in conscience, such as are 
described in Rom. 7 : 19 fT. He is for- 
ever warring against God and against 
his nobler self. No soul can rest that 
is not right. Nothing causes deeper 
"woe" and "sorrow" than such self- 
reproach. It is also the nature of 
alcohol to prompt the drinker to fool- 
ish quarrels with others. A fire with- 
out fuel would be hardly more unusual 
than a fight without drink. Alcohol 
produces discord as inevitably as an 
organ produces music. Surely that 
which multiplies quarrels does not 
multiply joy. The "Chicago Tribune." 
in an argument for high license, said : 
"The saloon business adds more than 
any other to the work of the police." 



Wisdom's Warnings Against Wine. 



7i 



That ought to be sufficient reason for 
prohibiting it, as other crimes that 
require the attention of the police are 
prohibited — many of them but chil- 
dren of what Senator Merrill called 
"the crime of crimes." Abraham Lin- 
coln said, "The liquor traffic is a can- 
cer on society, eating out its vitals, 
and threatening destruction, and all 
attempts to regulate it will aggravate 
the evil. There must be no attempt 
to regulate the cancer; it must be 
eradicated, not a root must be left 
behind; for until this is done, all 
classes must continue in danger of 
becoming victims of strong drink." 

In a New Jersey town where there 
were not enough school-houses, a 
saloonkeeper offered his rear room 
for a school, and when chairs gave out 
the children sat on beer kegs. Let 
this remind us that every saloon is a 
school, teaching old and young "con- 
tentions" and every other sin ; teach- 
ing them also to compromise with sins 
that are hard to suppress. 

The Folly of It. 

"Who hath babblings?" The Re- 
vised Version translates, "Who hath 
complainings ?" It is the drinker who 
has both in abundance. "Wine in, 
wit out." He puts "an enemy in his 
mouth to steal away his brains." The 
talk one hears in a saloon is indeed 
"babbling," such as the revelation of 
family secrets to strangers, with 
effusive expressions of love to boon- 
companions, and there is no little 
"complaining" about the lost job; the 
better condition of those who are not 
supporting saloonkeepers, and about 
the mothers and wives who object to 
the debauching of husbands and sons. 
Much of the anarchistic discontent 
comes from those who have wasted 
their substance in riotous living. 
"Where is your carriage?" said the 
anarchistic demagogue from his dry- 



goods box street pulpit to his crowd 
of tramps and loafers. "The rum- 
seller's got mine," said one of his half- 
drunk auditors. Of the "babblings" 
worst of all are the horrible cursing 
and the filthy stories. "The whole 
head is sick," brain and tongue alike. 
Surely that is not the way to have "a 
good time." 

A young business man was cured 
of the drinking habit, as we have 
told elsewhere in this volume, by a 
friend taking notes at the next table 
in a cafe of his conversation with a 
stranger, in which he revealed private 
matters with reference to his business 
and family that he would never have 
told in his sober moments. 

This suggests that the machine of 
Dr. Marage, of Paris, for photograph- 
ing the voice, an improvement on the 
phonograph, might be enlisted as a 
temperance agency. The picture given 
herewith shows how a certain conver- 
sation looks like in a photograph made 
by this instrument and suggests how 
a drunken man's "babbling" would 
look in either instrument. Most men 
are guilty' of sufficient folly in their 
sober moments without artificially 
multiplying the follies by filling the 
sensitive brain with alcohol, for which 
it has a strong affinity. Alcohol likes 
the brain, but the brain ought not to 
like alcohol, but rather recognize in it 
a dangerous enemy. 

"Who hath wounds without cause?" 
When Theodore Roosevelt, as Police 
Commissioner of New York, closed 
the Sunday saloons, he thereby thinned 
out the hospitals, a striking reminder 
of the fact that many wounds are due 
to drink, as well as many diseases. 
If we would close the saloons we 
might, no doubt, turn half our hospi- 
tals into schools, of which many cities 
have too few because taxes are so 
largely used up on the consequences 
of drink. "What will you have?" 
says one young man to another at the 



72 



World Book of Temperance. 



bar. "You will have woe, and sor- 
row, and contentions, and wounds 
without cause," says the Word of God. 
Centuries of history say the same. 
Not that every drinker will surely 
come to drunkenness, or even to alco- 
holism, but every drinker is setting an 
example and maintaining a custom 
that will surely bring others to woe 
and sorrow in any case. "No man has 
a moral right to do what, if all the 
world follows his example, would pro- 
duce more harm than good." And 
when one does for selfish pleasure 
what is sure to bring sorrow to others, 
he is a traitor to the brotherhood of 
man. One of the most terrible of the 
destroyers now used in war is the self- 
propelling torpedo, which is launched 
as a submarine boat, and goes swiftly 
beneath the water to an enemy's ship 
lying far away, to blow it suddenly 
into the air with all on board. The 
bottle is such a torpedo, shot from the 
brewery or the distillery to destroy 
the prosperity and happiness of the 
home. As the ancient Slavs buried 
some human being alive, as a sacri- 
fice, under the cornerstone of every 
important building, so every saloon 
lays its foundations in the blood of 
broken-hearted mothers and children, 
and ruined young men. 

There is a crippled boy! What 
made him so? A drunken nurse 
dropped him in babyhood. There is 
a man with one leg gone! You will 
embarrass him if you ask him if he 
lost it fighting for his country, for it 
was amputated by a street car when 
he was too drunk to get out of the 
way. There is a wife and mother with 
one eye gone ! It was gouged out in 
drunken fury by the man who had 
promised to love and cherish her. Bot- 
tles have made more wounds than 
bullets, and the scars of the former 
are not badges of honor but of shame. 
Surely these "wounds" mean "woe." 

"Who hath redness of eyes?" Al- 



cohol assails every part of the body, 
but the red flag of danger is most 
distinctly seen in the face. A recent 
test of Swiss soldiers in marksman- 
ship showed that total abstainers are 
the best shots. Drink mars the eye 
for work as well as for beauty. And 
it is drink that creates more than any- 
thing else the "lust of the eyes." 

"They that tarry long at the wine" 
From the beginning it has been the 
tendency of drink to create the crav- 
ing for more. When one has eaten 
abundantly, he wants no more till 
another meal-time, but every glass of 
intoxicants increases appetite. When 
there is added the attraction of social 
companions, in a pleasant room, with 
music and amusements, it is easy to 
"tarry long" in the "saloon," the loaf- 
ing, treating, plotting resort which 
intensifies all the evils of drink, and 
is found in its worst form in the very 
countries that profess to be the best. 
In abject slavery to a foolish custom, 
the man who does not wish to drink, 
or would stop at one glass, drinks four 
or five rounds, in order that every 
member of the party may take his turn 
in treating. Besides the waste of 
money, what waste of precious time, 
what loss of work, there is in this 
long and worse than useless tarrying 
over the wine or beer or whiskey! 
"Time is money" in a very literal 
sense, and enough time is wasted in 
drinking, and the loafing and sickness 
that go with it, to change poverty to 
plenty in drunkards' homes. 

"They that go to seek mixed wine" 
Even in the days of Solomon they 
began to "mix drinks" and adulterate 
them, and it is now almost impossible 
to be sure that any drink is what it is 
called. In the Paris World's Fair, a 
lurid light was thrown on these false 
pretenses, when the French refused 
to allow the exhibition of American 
and other wines labeled as French. 
However, let no one think the evils of 



Wisdom's Warnings Against Wine. 



73 



drink lie chiefly in the adulterations. 
Dr. Jane way, of New York, second to 
none as a medical authority, said to 
the writer, "The worst thing ever put 
in drink is alcohol." 

"Look not upon the wine when it is 
red" (that is, fermented). Here is a 
command to abstinence, stronger than 
any modern pledge. We are to keep 
not alone our lips but our very eyes 
from the wine. And this is well, 
for, as 

There's life for a look at -the Crucified One, 

there is often death in a look that leads 
to lust and liquor. In the front store 
window of a dealer in wines placards 
were displayed, upon which were let- 
tered the words, "Come in and look! 
You will not be expected to buy!" 
How like the familiar ditty, "'Will 
you walk into my parlor?' said the 
spider to the fly ! 

How a Boy Conquered Tempta- 
tion* 

Little Henry had been very sick. 
When he was slowly getting better, 
and was just able to be up and about 
the room, he was left alone a short 
time. His sister came in eating a 
piece of cake. Henry's mamma had 
told him that he must eat nothing but 
what she gave him, because it would 
not be safe for him to have what other 
children did till he was stronger. He 
was hungry; the cake did look so 
good; he wanted very much to take 
a bite of it, and the kind sister would 
gladly have given it to him. "Jennie," 
he said, "you must run right out of 
the room away from me with that 
cake, and I'll keep my eyes shut while 
you go, so that I sha'n't want it." It 
is half the battle to keep our eyes from 
lingering on the things that would 
harm us. Here we see one of the 
chief benefits of Prohibition. Where 
liquor selling is forbidden, it cannot be 
set in windows to tempt the passer-by. 
To say that Prohibition does not les- 



sen sales, would be to say that busi- 
ness men do not know their business 
when they set their goods attractively 
in costly show windows, and it would 
also imply that laws enabling men to 
collect legal debts are useless. The 
outlawed saloon has no rights in the 
courts. 

"When it sparkleth in the cup." 
Here we have the same thought that 
Solomon put in another passage, 
"Wine is a mocker." For ages it 
fooled men with its claim that it was 
a joy-bringer, a health-and-strength 
giver. Some think the same drink 
cools them in Summer and warms 
them in Winter, when it only dulls 
their senses, like chloroform, so that 
they do not know when they are in 
peril of heat or cold. The arctic trav- 
eler, Nansen, was guest at a dinner 
of medical and other scientists, held in 
Munich. A neighbor asked, "Did you 
take any alcohol with you when you 
left the Fram to make your heroic 
expedition by sledges?" "No," said 
Nansen, "for if I had done so I should 
never have returned." And yet so- 
called statesmen in Washington argue 
that liquors must be sold in Alaska 
because it is so cold, and in the Phil- 
ippines because it is so warm. A 
patient was arguing with the doctor 
on the necessity of his takine a stim- 
ulant. He urged that he was weak 
and needed it. Said he, "But, doctor, 
I must have some kind of a stimulant. 
I am cold, and it warms me." "Pre- 
cisely," came the doctor's crusty- 
answer. "See here t This stick is 
cold," taking up a stick of wood from 
the box beside the hearth and tossing 
it into the fire. "Now it is warm, but 
is the stick benefited ?" The sick man 
watched the wood first send out little 
puffs of smoke, and then burst into a 
flame, and replied, "Of course not. It 
is burning itself." "And so are you 
when you warm yourself with alcohol 
— yon are literally burning up the 



74 



World Book of Temperance. 



delicate tissues of your stomach and 
brain." "Wine is a mocker" also 
when it claims to be a stimulant. Its 
first effect is to stimulate, but its final 
work is depressant when nature pays 
the forced loan of stimulation. Beer 
is also a mocker, especially when it 
claims to be a harmless drink. What 
a mocker is the alcohol in patent medi- 
cines that makes people topers under 
the pretense of medicine! 

"At the last it biteth like a serpent 
(this is the general term), and sting- 
eth like an adder" (an exceedingly 
venomous horned snake). When the 
report of the loss of the Maine 
reached this country, the account was 
given also of the dauntless courage 
with which the officers and sailors met 
the disaster. One man, while the 
thunder of the explosion was still 
sounding in his ears, appeared at the 
door of Captain Sigsbee's cabin, and, 
touching his cap, said calmly, "Excuse 
me, sir — I have to report that the ship 
has blown up, and is sinking." He 
had faced an almost certain death in 
order to save the Captain's life. When 
the story was told, the heart of the 
nation responded with a proud throb. 
Every American felt honored by the 
courage and coolness of his country- 
man, and rejoiced that by some happy 
chance he was among the few who 
were saved. His friends gathered 
around him; he married, and a child 
was born. He had but one enemy — 
himself. He drank to excess. After 
the destruction of the Maine he came 
back to the United States, and received 
a good position. He loved his work, 
his friends and his wife ; but not 
work, nor friends, nor home could 
drag him away from the fatal habit. 
Not two years after that day when, 
a hero among heroes, he trod the deck 
of the sinking ship, he sat alone in a 
public park in New York, a miserable 
outcast, who for liquor had given up 



all that made life dear. Mad with 
want and despair, he kissed the pic- 
ture of his child, and put an end to 
his life — a life which God had fitted 
him to make happy and noble. 

We tell this true story to American 
boys, as we would point out a serpent 
hidden by the path along which they 
must walk. A young man, some years 
ago, while in the jungles of Africa 
with an exploring party, caught a 
young boa constrictor, which, for 
amusement, he taught some wonder- 
ful tricks, one of which was to coil 
itself about his feet and body, and as 
it reached above his head, to curve 
over and kiss his face, and then at a 
signal drop to the ground. By this 
popular exhibition in England he made 
money, and then formed the habit of 
drinking. One night he gave an exhi- 
bition in Manchester. The scene, an 
African jungle. A traveler came on 
the stage, stopped, and listened, spell- 
bound. A rustle was heard as of a 
stealthily moving object, and there 
appeared the head of a great snake, 
with eyes like fire. It crept softly to 
the man, wound itself about him, and 
brought its head in line with his face. 
He gave the signal, but the serpent 
had him entirely in its power, and, 
tightening its coil about his body, 
crushed out his life. Even a serpent 
knew no man could retain his mastery 
of others when he had been mastered 
by drink. How many tragedies of 
young lives crushed out by the ser- 
pent of drink this story calls up in 
those who read it! At first sweet, 
at last a serpent. 

"Thine heart shall utter perverse 
things/' Earlier it was "babblings/' 
now it is the ravings of delirium. 
Tongue as well as eyes go from bad 
to worse. 

"Thou shall be as he that lieth on 
the top of a mast" Some ancient fish- 
ing boats had on the top of the mast 



Twentieth Century Science on the Alcohol Question. 



75 



a small outlook made of netting, called 
a "crow's nest," from which a fisher- 
man could watch for distant schools 
of fish. With the boat tossing in the 
waves it was a place of danger, and the- 
man on lookout must be ever awake 
and alert, even to save himself from 
falling. He would be foolish, indeed, 
who would lie down to sleep in such a 
nest. The Bible says the position of 



the tippler is equally foolish and dan- 
gerous. 

Pledge, Prayer, Prohibition — these 
three dykes will shut out the drink 
.flood. Let every Sunday-school cir-. 
culate the pledge once a quarter — you 
in your class in any case — and let us 
remember that the pledge must be 
reinforced by prayer. (See pledge, p. 
128.) 




TWENTIETH CENTURY SCIENCE ON THE ALCOHOL QUESTION. 

Contributed by the Scientific Temperance Federation, Boston, Mass. 

of the benefit actually derived, the oxidation 
of a substance in the body entitles it to a 
place on the list of foods. Certain physi- 
ologists thought alcohol should be admitted 
under this definition. Others pointed out 
that other poisons which it would be absurd 
to call foods would have to be admitted on 
such a basis of classification. _ There is yet 
no generally accepted definition of food 
which makes the necessary distinction be- 
tween substances whose nature it is to 
nourish the body without injuring it, and 
those whose nature it is to injure the body 
without nourishing it. 

In the absence of a definition, the question 
has been abundantly answered by such state- 
ments as the following by Prof. Chittenden, 
of Yale : "It is quite misleading to attempt 
a classification or even comparison of alcohol 
with carbohydrates and fats, since, unlike 
the latter, alcohol has a most disturbing 
effect upon the metabolism, or oxidation, of 
the purin compounds of our daily food. 
Alcohol, therefore, presents a dangerous 
side, wholly wanting in carbohydrates and 
fats." 

Professors Chittenden and Mendel 
(Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Prob- 
lem, Vol. I.) found that alcoholic liquors 
did not hasten, but rather retarded the pro- 
cesses of digestion. Subsequent investiga- 
tion has confirmed this point. The Inter- 
nationale Monatsschrift (organ of the Ger- 
man Physicians' Abstinence Society) pub- 
lished in March, 1903, a review of five 
separate researches on the subject, all show- 
ing that alcohol increases the acidity of the 
gastric juice but not its pepsin constituent, 
and that the use of alcohol is liable to bring 
about either inflammation of the mucous 
membrane, or insufficient digestive power. 
The New York Medical Journal the same 
year reviewed the researches of Gonzalez 
Campo, who found that alcohol checked the 
movements of the stomach and delnved the 



DR. BENJAMIN RUSH. 

The influence of science in helping to 
solve the alcohol problem can scarcely be 
overestimated, although it took more than a 
hundred years for it to secure a command- 
ing place. This period extended from the 
appearance, in 1785, of Dr. Rush's pamphlet, 
"An Inquiry into the Effect of Ardent 
Spirits Upon the Human Body and Mind," 
to 1895, when the German Society of Ab- 
staining Physicians was organized. 

A review of the conclusions of twentieth 
century science in regard to alcohol properly 
begins with the organization of this society 
which gave official recognition to the value 
of investigations in this subject. 

The Food Value of Alcohol. 

At that time an animated discussion was 
going on as to the possible food value of 
alcohol. It had been demonstrated that 
alcohol is oxidized in the body. According 
to certain definitions that take account only 
of the energy liberated by oxidation and not 



7 6 



World Book of Temperance. 



expulsion of its contents. He concluded 
that alcohol is a serious injury to gastric 
digestion in health and still more so in over- 
acidity. 

Peptic digestion, both in the stomach and 
in the test tube, was found by Dr. R. F. 
Chase, of Boston, to be noticeably delayed 
by whiskey, and in a marked degree by beer. 
(Philadelphia Medical Journal, June 9, 
1903-) 

Another quietus to the old notion of aid- 
ing digestion by alcoholic drinks was given 
by Dr. James Barr, who said: "We know 
that while strong potations increase the 
secretion of gastric juice, they inhibit 
[check] the digestive function and eventu- 
ally establish a chronic gastric catarrh.'' 
(British Medical Journal, July 1, 1905.) 

The Stimulant Fallacy. 

Another fallacy which it has been exceed- 
ingly difficult to uproot is the idea that 
alcohol is a stimulant to the heart and 
circulation. Dr. George Rosenfeld pub- 
lished a series of experiments on this sub- 
ject in the Zentralblatt filr inner e Medizin, 
in 1906, in which he said, "It is deplorable 
that physicians yet cling to the idea that 
alcohol is a heart stimulant." He summar- 
ized by saying that alcohol acts unfavorably, 
or not at all, upon the pulse rate, very tem- 
porarily and in small degree, or not at all, 
upon blood pressure, and increases the in- 
ternal friction of the blood, that is, hinders 
its movement through the blood vessels. 
"We have, therefore, in all these," he said, 
"quite enough particulars for forming the 
general judgment that alcohol is an injury 
to the circulation." 

Alcohol as a Medicine. 

Popular belief in the remedial properties 
of alcohol has led many households to keep 
some form of alcoholic liquor in the family 
medicine chest to be used as a panacea for 
ills in general. But in the medical profes- 
sion itself the estimation of alcohol as a 
remedy has fallen to comparatively small 
proportions. Space permits the mention of 
only a few of the diseases for which alco- 
hol was formerly given as a remedy, and the 
present opinions of specialists thereon. Dr. 
S. A. Knopf, of New York, says: "The 
belief that spirituous drinks, particularly 
whiskey, are a protection against tuber- 
culosis, or a desirable remedy for it, is 
nothing but a popular fancy. A Wurtem- 
burg colleague said not long ago, 'According 
to my experience, I must call it a crime for 
a physician to order alcoholic drinks for a 
patient with any kind of lung disease, and 
particularly for a consumptive, for it in- 



creases deficiency of oxygen and excess of 
carbon dioxide, and besides causes other 
well-known injuries." The fallacy of the 
long-cherished belief in the virtues of alco- 
hol as an antidote to snake poison has been 
pointed out by several physicians who have 
found more efficient remedies. "Alcohol as 
ordinarily used is useless and in no sense 
antidotal to or destructive of snake poison. 
Patients bitten by snakes have recovered 
from enormous doses of alcohol, but some 
have undoubtedly succumbed to such 
doses." Dr. Prentiss Willson, of Washing- 
ton, D. C. (Archives of Internal Medicine, 
June, 1908.) 

Alcohol and Resistance to Disease. 

The line of investigation that has prob- 
ably done more than any other to uproot 
the belief in the medicinal value of alcohol 
among physicians, is that which has shown 
that alcohol lowers the body's natural re- 
sistance to disease. Prof. Metchnikoff, who 
first announced the discovery of the germ- 
destroying property of the white blood 
corpuscles has since investigated the effect 
of alcohol upon them, and he finds that it 
checks their activity, and thereby reduces 
their ability to destroy disease germs.. The 
recently reported experiments of Prof. 
Laitinen, of Helsingfors (Zeitschrift fur 
Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten) showed 
that very small quantities of alcohol in- 
creased the susceptibility of rabbits to diph- 
theria infection from 46 to 65 per cent. 
A parallel series of experiments was re- 
ported in 1904 by Dr. George Rubin, of the 
Rush Medical College (Journal of Infec- 
tious Diseases, May 30, 1904), who found 
that alcohol reduced the number of white 
blood corpuscles in rabbits infected with the 
germs of disease, that none of the animals 
so treated recovered when they were also 
given alcohol, while their controls who re- 
ceived no alcohol made a good recovery in 
nearly all cases. Those of the non-alco- 
holized animals that did die, lived much 
longer after infection than the alcoholized. 
Animals and persons receiving alcohol have 
been found to show greater susceptibility to 
other poisons, such as metal poisons than 
animals receiving no alcohol. Dr. Biondi of 
Italy, reported observations in 1 this line 
made among workers in lead, quicksilver, 
and antimony. Dr. Reid Hunt, of the United 
States Hygienic Laboratory (Washington, 
D. C, 1907), treating mice and rabbits with 
the poison, acetonitrile, found that quantities 
of alcohol too small to cause the slightest 
sign of intoxication made the body less able 
to stand the effects of this poison which 
without alcohol it could easily resist. 



Twentieth Century Science on the Alcohol Question. 



77 



Alcohol and Degeneracy. 

Prof. F. Martins, Director of the Rostock 
Medical Clinic, said at the Congress of In- 
ternal Medicine, 1905, in an address on 
"Predisposition and Heredity" (Der Ab- 
stinent, July, 1905), that alcohol causes a 
certain receptivity for other diseases, and 
that it affects the generative as well as other 
organs of the body, and that this is the main 
factor in degeneracy. This subject of de- 
generacy is one in which undoubtedly the 
most far-reaching investigations of all have 
been made. Prof. C. F. Hodge, of Clark 
University ("Physiological Aspects of the 
Liquor Problem") found that only 17.4 per 
cent, of the progeny of his alcoholized dogs 
were able to live, while 90.2 per cent, of 
the progeny of the non-alcoholized pair 
were normal. Prof. Demme, of Berne, 
found almost the same proportion of normal 
and abnormal offspring in the descendants 
of ten alcoholic families (17 per cent.) and 
ten temperate families (88.5 per cent.) 
whose histories he followed. Dr. T. A. Mac- 
Nicholl, of New York, found that of the 
3,711 school children whom he studied, over 
70 per cent, of those whose parents or grand- 
parents had been drinkers, were dullards. 
Of the children with abstaining parents and 
grandparents, only 4 per cent, were dull- 
ards. Prof. G. von Bunge, of Basle, found 
from an extensive investigation that a very 
large proportion of the women who were 
not able to nurse their children were the 
daughters of drinking fathers, that, in fact, 
the proportion of women unable to nurse 
increased with the degree of the alcoholiza- 
tion of their fathers. That the inability in 
question was accompanied with other indi- 
cations of degeneracy was shown by a 
greater prevalence of tuberculosis, and a 
greater proportion of bad teeth in the 
descendants of the drinkers. 

Is Alcoholism a Cause or Effect? 

Some writers on the alcohol question have 
intimated that those who become addicted 
to alcohol were previously afflicted with 
some hereditary or other defect, which 
made them susceptible to alcohol, or to the 
desire for it; that mental weakness was a 
cause of alcoholism, instead of alcoholism 
being the cause of the weakness. This idea 
is corrected by the investigations above 
referred to, and by others which show that 
alcohol is a prime cause of all grades of 
defectiveness, from simple dullness to the 
severer forms of mental and physical 
degeneracy. 

Prof. Forel (Paris Review of Political 
Economy) explains this as follows: "It is 



not a case of the simple transmission to 
descendants of ancestral characteristics, 
nor of the new combination of the latter. 
It is an instance of a destructive agent 
coming from without to deteriorate a germ 
which in itself was good. But this ele- 
ment once a part of the hereditary mechan- 
ism does not soon leave it. It perpetuates 
the defects which it engenders, according 
to circumstances, in several generations. 
These defects may be — the facts prove it — 
of a widely different nature, such as: 
general feebleness, dwarfed > stature, rachi- 
tis, epilepsy, idiocy, weakmindedness, ner- 
vousness, monstrosities." A Russian in- 
vestigator, Rybakow, has recently published 
a work (Archiv fur Rassen- und Gesell- 
schafts-Biologie, vol. 20) in which he shows 
that 92 per cent, of all alcoholics had 
drinkers among their nearest relatives. In 
only 21 per cent, was the hereditary 
influence due only to nervous and mental 
diseases in the parents. 

Growth and Development. 

Prof. Hodge's experiments with the alco- 
holized dogs yielded significant testimony 
on this point. Examination of the brains 
of the still-born puppies of the alcoholized 
pair showed certain parts _ of the brain 
undeveloped, which in puppies of the nor- 
mal pair, killed at birth, were more per- 
fectly formed. (Physiological Aspects of 
the Liquor Problem, Vol. 1, page 3/4)- 
Prof. Laitinen's experiments are particu- 
larly instructive on the hereditary influences 
of alcohol on growth and development. 
They were performed on a large number 
of animals, 600 rabbits and guinea pigs, 
and with very small doses .of alcohol, 
equivalent to what an adult person would 
get from half a pint of three and a half 
per cent, beer a day. The young of the 
animals receiving this small quantity of 
alcohol averaged less in weight at birth, 
and grew less during the first one hundred 
days after birth, which was as long as the 
observations were continued. 

Working Ability. 

The scientific investigations of the effect 
of alcohol on working ability, mental and 
physical, corroborate and explain _ the 
growing demands of business for abstaining 
workmen. All grades of working ability, 
from those that require strength, endu- 
rance and precision of muscles to the high- 
est mental tasks, or the flights of genius 
are impaired by even small doses of alco- 
hol. The effect of alcohol on muscular 
working ability should be more generally 
understood, for there are many who are 



78 



World Book of Temperance. 



misled by the deadening effect of alcohol 
upon sensation into thinking that it ban- 
ishes fatigue and gives renewed strength 
for work. Evidence that this is not true 
has been gained from numerous experi- 
ments with ergograph with large bodies 
of men, and in athletics. The following 
are but examples: Dr. Durig, of Vienna, 
tested the effects of alcohol in mountain 
climbing, and found that a quantity cor- 
responding to the amount in one liter of 
beer reduced his working ability 20 per 
cent. 

Prof. Helenius, of Helsmgfors (Die 
Alkoholfrage, 1903), quotes the verbal 
testimony of the manager of the copper 
mines of Knockmahom, who told him 
that more than 800 of the 1,000 per- 
sons daily employed in the works had 
taken the total abstinence pledge, and 
that after doing so the value of their 
productive industry increased by nearly 
$25,000. They not only did more, but 
better work and with less fatigue to 
themselves. In a recent walking match 
held at Kiel, Germany, the first four win- 
ners were abstainers. Among the ten 
prize winners, six were abstainers, and 
two of the others had lived entirely ab- 
stinent for months before the contest. Of 
the twenty-four abstainers who entered the 
race, only two failed to reach the goal; 
of the fifty-nine non-abstainers, thirty 
failed to reach it. 

Mental work is also impaired by the use 
of small amounts of alcohol. Dr. Paul 
Bergman _ (Die Enthaltsamkeit, March, 
x 907)> principal of a school in Germany, 
obtained the consent of the parents of 
some of his pupils to make a test of a 
small quantity of light wine upon the men- 
tal working ability of a class of girls 13-15 
years of ago. Shortly after taking one- 
half a wineglass of light wine (8 per cent, 
alcohol) the girls were given a dictation 
exercise. They made from 1 to 7 more 
errors than they did before ; it took them 
longer to think, and the writing, spelling 
and punctuation were considerably worse. 
There were more erasures. Parallel ex- 
periments were tried upon the boys, giv- 
ing them beer instead of wine, with similar 
results. The boys agreed that the beer 
made thinking more difficult. Among the 
results obtained by Prof. Kraepelin at 
Heidelberg University, in testing the effects 
of alcohol upon mental work was one which 
showed that under the influence of alcohol 
a man memorized 60 figures after 60 repi- 
titions, while before taking the alcohol, he 
memorized 100 with only 40 repetitions. 
The exercises requiring the highest powers 



of the mind were most seriously affected by 
alcohol. Dr. G. M. Randall, of Lowell, in 
discussing the influence of alcohol in 
causing kidney troubles (Boston Medical 
and Surgical Journal, Aug. 2j, 1908) said, 
"Alcoholic beverages have no place in the 
dietary of the person desiring to live an 
efficient life." 

Critical Ability Impaired by Alcohol. 

One experiment whose results have a 
wide application was performed by Dr. 
Specht, of Tubingen (Internationale Mo- 
natsschrift, June, 1907), to ascertain the 
effect of alcohol upon the ability to dis- 
tinguish slight differences in sounds. He 
found that the amount of alcohol con- 
tained in a glass of champagne impaired 
the ability to perceive differences which 
were readily noticed when no alcohol was 
taken. His conclusion was that alcohol, 
even in small amounts, impairs the critical 
faculty. It is this weakening of the 
judgment by even small quantities that con- 
stitutes the danger in the social use of 
alcohol. Those who have themselves par- 
taken do not notice the growing lack of 
good judgment in the remarks of their 
associates, and in their own as well. The 
slight impairment of self-control renders 
them easy victims to . the temptations to 
take more. 

The aid that alcohol is supposed to give 
to artistic inspiration fails to be a real 
benefit, because of this slight impairment 
of the judgment. Work produced under 
such influence is likely to be of a wierd or 
uncanny character. Ideas accepted as 
worthy when under the influence of alcohol 
are seen to be unworthy when reviewed in 
the light of clear critical judgment after- 
ward. The testimony of twentieth cen- 
tury science not only justifies the growing 
requirements of business for abstinence on 
the part of those engaged in responsible 
positions, but for the ordinary toiler as 
well; and not only abstinence during busi- 
ness hours, but after the day's work, for 
the effects of small doses may last until the 
next morning, and habitual use produces 
steady impairment of efficiency. (Dr. A. 
Smith, Leipsic, 1898.) 

Society's Self-Defence. 

Popular knowledge of the effects of alcohol 
is necessary to show that it is not only 
the right, but the duty of society to protect 
itself from the dangers caused by drink. 
Only those ignorant of these dangers 
oppose public efforts to use the most effi- 
cient means of abolishing the danger, legal 
prohibition of its sale and education of the 
people out of primeval customs. 



Alcohol's Harvest of Woes 

Isaiah 5: 8-24 (cf. Isa. 10: 1-4- ) 



8 Woe unto them that join house to 
house, that lay field to field, till there be 
no room, and ye be made to dwell alone in 
the midst of the land ! 9 In mine ears saith 
Jehovah of hosts. Of a truth many houses 
shall be desolate, even great and fair, with- 
out inhabitant. 10 For ten acres of vine- 
yard shall yield one bath, and a homer of 
seed shall yield but an ephah. 11 Woe 
unto them that rise up early in the morn- 
ing, that they may follow strong drink; 
that tarry late into the night, till wine in- 
flame them ! 12 And the harp and the lute, 
the tabret and the pipe, and wine, are in 
their feasts ; but they regard not the work 
of Jehovah, neither have they considered 
the operation of his hands. 13 Therefore 
my people are gone into captivity for lack 
of knowledge ; and their honorable men are 
famished, and their multitude are parched 
with thirst. 14 Therefore Sheol hath en- 
larged its desire, and opened its mouth 
without measure; and their glory, and their 
multitude, and their pomp, and he that re- 
joiceth among them, descend into it. 15 
And the mean man is bowed down, and the 
great man is humbled, and the eyes of the 
lofty are humbled: 16 but Jehovah of 



hosts is exalted in justice, and God the 
Holy One is sanctified in righteousness. 17 
Then shall the lambs feed as in their pas- 
ture, and the waste places of the fat ones 
shall wanderers eat. 18 Woe unto them 
that draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, 
and sin as it were with a cart rope; 19 
that say, Let him make speed, let him hasten 
his work, that we may see it; and let the 
counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw 
nigh and come, that we may know it! 20 
Woe unto them that call evil good, and 
good evil; that put darkness for light, and 
light for darkness ; that put bitter for sweet, 
and sweet for bitter! 21 Woe unto them 
that are wise in their own eyes, and pru- 
dent in their own sight! 22 Woe unto 
them that are mighty to drink wine, and 
men of strength to mingle strong drink; 
23 that justify the wicked for a bribe, and 
take away the righteousness of the righteous 
from him! 24 Therefore as the tongue of 
fire devoureth the stubble, and as the dry 
grass sinketh down in the flame, so their 
root shall be as rottenness, and their blos- 
som shall go up as dust; because they have 
rejected the law of Jehovah of hosts, and 
despised the word of the Holy One. 



Golden Text : Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine. — Isa. 5 : 22. 



The place in which we stand in this les- 
son is Jerusalem. The persons addressed 
by Isaiah are wicked King Ahaz and the 
"sinful nation" of Judah. Isaiah himself 
was the greatest of the major prophets, 
a scholar and a statesman, whose fearless 
words to wicked kings were like those of 
Elijah and Paul and John Knox. The 
time at which he spoke was one of luxury, 
which, as usual, prove.d more conducive to 
vice and intemperance than previous peri- 
ods of poverty — Henry George to the con- 
trary notwithstanding. God's judgments 
were about to burst in an Assyrian in- 
vasion on the northern kingdom, of 
which event Isaiah speaks in another 
passage (Isa. 28: 1), "Woe to the crown of 
pride," referring to the city of Samaria, 
situated like a crown on a hill-top, and 
to the wreath of the revelers of Eph- 
raim whose glorious beauty shall be a 



fading flower. Judah, unless repentant, 
will for like sins follow Israel into cap- 
tivity, Isaiah tells his people. They so 
add two to many other illustrations of 
the fact that nations do not die of cur- 
rency or conquest but of moral cancer. 
Isaiah plainly declares that the chief 
cause of the approaching captivity of 
both Jewish kingdoms in Babylon is 
the captivity in which they are already 
voluntarily involved through drink. 
Nehemiah (13: 18) speaks of Sabbath- 
breaking also as one of the great causes 
of the nation's fall. 

The events of this lesson present the 
captives of drink as already gathering the 
firstfruits of their harvest of woes. The 
doctrines and duties plainly taught in this 
and other passages of Isaiah are total ab- 
stinence and prohibition. 

"My well-beloved had a vineyard in <i 



8o 



World Book of Temperance. 



very fruitful hill." The lesson really begins 
with the chapter. In a beautiful allegory, 
Isaiah compares God's people to a vineyard 
which He had planted and cultivated with 
unstinted love. "He gathered out the 
stones and planted it with the choicest vine 
and built a tower in the midst.'' All this 
recalls how God had driven out the Ca- 
naanites to give Israel a pure environment, 
and had pruned His vine by forty years of 
mercies and judgments to be fruitful for 
the world's good, and had divinely pro- 
tected them against their foes. He had 
sent prophets to keep the vineyard. God 
exclaims, "What more could I have done 
for my vineyard that I have not done in 
it?" And what more could God have done 
for America that He has not done? He 
held back this continent till the hour had 
come when He could plant a spiritual 
church dissevered from corrupting alliance 
with the state. He planted here a people 
whom He had sifted by persecution from 
all nations. Our prosperity also has led 
many to sin. When God looked that we 
should bring forth grapes, we too brought 
forth "wild grapes." The reference is to 
the deadly nightshade, which produces ber- 
ries that look like grapes, but are poisonous. 
So grapes rotted for wine are poison of- 
fered as "health." Hear the words of John 
Wesley on these alcoholic poisons : "Liquors 
are a certain slow poison. Liquid fire lays 
the foundation of numberless diseases. 
Have we not reason to believe that little 
less than half the corn produced in the 
kingdom is every year consumed, not by so 
harmless a way as throwing it into the sea, 
but by converting it into deadly poison — 
poison that naturally destroys not only the 
strength of life, but also the morals of our 
countrymen? Oh, tell it not in Constanti- 
nople, that the English raise the royal 
revenue by selling the flesh and blood of 
their countrymen ! It is amazing that the 
preparing or selling this poison should be 
permitted in any civilized state. All who 
sell drams and spirituous liquors to any 
that will buy, are poisoners general. They 
murder his Majesty's subjects by wholesale, 



neither does their eye pity or spare. They 
drive them to hell like sheep , and what is 
their gain? Is it not the blood of these 



In the Rapids. 

"Woe unto them that rise up early in the 
morning that they may follow strong drink." 
It should be said that intoxicants are not 
really "strong drink." If they were, train- 
ers of athletes would not bar them out. Mr. 
Reginald Rankin, who has won fame by ac- 
complishing the ascent of Aconcagua, the 
highest peak of the Andes mountains, 
speaking of the effects of alcohol upon 
the mountain climber, says : "Though 
alcohol is a bad thing to climb on, it is 
an excellent thing to toboggan down on 
when you have reached the summit of 
your ambition and never want to see it 
again." The drink of the ox and the 
eagle alone is entitled to the name 
"strong drink." Except in quotations 
we ought to drop this lie of the tempter. 

Isaiah pictures here the man so fond 
of drink that his first waking thought 
is a craving for his "eye opener," as his 
last thought in the day is for his "night 
cap," with a "continued" thought all 
day for his next chance to drink. Such 
a man is in the rapids just above the 
Niagara of habitual drunkenness, and 
his friends often see it, but seldom does 
the victim himself know his danger. I 
heard of a man who suddenly discovered 
at seven o'clock in the evening that he 
was longing for nine o'clock,, when he 
was wont to take his usual bedtime 
glass to promote sleep. It was to him 
the discovery of a chain. He quit at 
once, and before a day had passed dis- 
covered in his hard struggle how nearly 
too late he had been. Challenge your 
friend, who thinks drink has no hold 
upon him, to give it up for a week, and 
in many cases he will find how strongly 
he is already bound. If he is not bound, 
let him keep himself free. 

"The harp and the Jute, the / ah ret and the 



Alcohol's Harvest of Woes. 



81 



pipe, and wine are in their feasts." It is a 
monstrous wrong that we should ever 
allow such an angel as music to be used 
to lure men to drink. When the writer 
was visiting saloons in Chicago at night, 
as a member of the Citizens' League, he 
noted how the starting up of an. orches- 
trion in a saloon made young men from 
all quarters fly to the hell thus adver- 
tised. When liquor-selling cannot be 
wholly suppressed, it should at least 
be stripped of all its allurements that 
only those seeking drink for its own 
sake may be drawn to the bars. Aye, 
"to the bars" they are drawn, in three 
senses of the word, and all these bars 
are "bars" to the joy the drink promises 
with its music. Hornets would be a 
truer symbol of the saloons than the 
cornets. Hornets, real live ones with 
stingers, took possession of a bar-room 
of Akron, although snow covered the 
ground on the outside. The proprietor 
had purchased a hornet's nest from a 
farmer, and hung it over the bar. The 
entrance hole in the nest was closed 
by a piece of paper being pasted over it. 
It was much admired, and everything 
went well for a while. But the heat in 
the room brought the nest to life. The 
hibernating hornets thought it was sum- 
mer again, and, being hungry, began to 
get busy. They burst the paper closing 
the exit, and in a few minutes the room 
was full of hornets. The bartender ran 
out covered with the insects, and a num- 
ber of others also, yelling like Indians. 
The hornets held possession until a big 
policeman, covered with netting and 
heavily gloved, carried out the nest. 
The bartender was taken to the hospital 
with both eyes closed. That was but a 
faint picture of the woe and sorrow that 
swarms in the saloons. 

A Drunkard Saved. 

"They regard not the zvork of Jehovah.'' 
Nothing more surely than drink turns a 
man away from God. At a mission school 



in London two children of a drunkard 
had been taught, with others, to sing: 

Jesus wants me for a sunbeam 
To shine for Him each day. 

As soon as the meeting was over they ran 
home. 

Such a sad -home it was ! Neither father 
nor mother had ever thought, about teaching 
the little ones of Jesus. Nearly all the 
money was spent in the public-house, and 
often there was not enough to eat. Mr. 
Brown was sitting in the untidy little 
kitchen. His wife had just gone out to 
fetch some beer for him. "Well, where 
■have you two been to?" he asked, as the 
little ones ran in. 

"O Daddy, we've been to the children's 
meeting," they cried in chorus, "and we've 
learnt such a pretty hymn. Shall we sing 
it to you?" 

Without waiting for permission they be- 
gan to sing: 

A sunbeam, a sunbeam, 
Jesus wants us for a sunbeam, 

When they finished, little Mollie went 
close up to her father. Laying a hand on 
his knee and looking up into his face, she 
said, "And, Daddy, Maggie and me are 
going to be sunbeams for Jesus." 

Mr. Brown turned away from little 
Mollie's earnest face. Tears began to flow 
down his cheeks, for the hymri, with its 
simple message, had awakened memories of 
long ago, when, as a boy, his mother had 
taught him of Jesus. 

The children looked on in silence, unable 
to understand how what had made them so 
happy caused their father to cry. 

Suddenly he gathered the two little girls 
into his arms, as he said : "And Daddy will 
be a sunbeam, too, my girlies." 

Mrs. Brown came in, and wonderingly 
placed the beer by her husband's side. 

"No, wife !" he said, as he pushed it from 
him, "I want no more of that now : here's 
Mo'lie and Maggie going to be sunbeams 
for Jesus, and I'm going to join with them." 

"Therefore my people are going into cap- 
tivity for lack of knowledge." To Isaiah 



82 



World Book of Temperance. 



the captivity of his people was already be- 
gun in the habits that already enslaved 
them, and would make them an easy prey 
to their foes. Habit means it has you. "Sow 
an act and 3^0 u reap a tendenc3 r ; sow a 
tendency and you reap a habit; sow a 
habit and you reap a destiny." Is it not- 
amazing when a bo3 T has seen men carried 
captive by drink that he should put on him- 
self the same chain? This folly was well 
illustrated in ''The Boy's City News," of 
Winona Chautauqua, in a picture and story 
of the moth millers. 

The Boy and the Moth Millers. 

The boy watched the moth millers flutter 
around the lamp. Many of them would fly 
against the hot chimney and fall to the 
table, scorched and burned. 

Some of them would fly directly into the 



chimney and these would drop into the 
flame and be consumed, or lie half burned 
next to the blaze. 

Occasionally a moth would fall to the 
table, overcome with heat, but with enough 
life to keep its wings moving, and ofttimes 
the dying moth would crawl towards the 
same light that had caused its suffering. 

"How strange!" thought the boy. "Can't 
the moths see these scorched and wingless- 
millers? Why will they rush into the flame 
and be destroyed? 

"Here is a live miller unscorched. It has 
for the moment lit among the dead ones. 
There it goes ! Ah ! it falls with wings 
scorched and burned dead. I should think 
that if moth millers are able to discern the 
light they would have enough sense to 
discover the danger where so many are 
lying dead." 

The boy even while wondering why moth 







The Boy and the Moth Millers 



Alcohol's Harvest of Woes. 



83 



millers were such foolish things answered 
a whistle that came to him through the open 
' window, put on his cap and hastened out. 
He was soon on the street with other boys. 
He visited a poolroom with them and 
looked on. He hung around a saloon. He 
looked through the open doorway as he 
heard a drunken brawl. A fight and arrest 
followed. Men with bloody faces were led 
away. He saw the once wealthy Mr. Jones 
reeling home after having spent his last 
cent for whiskey. He listened to the filthy 
stories and lying tales. 

Ah, my boy, the wicked sin -scorched and 
habit-bound men you see have flown into 
the flame, or are beating out their lives 
against its destroying heat. Are you no 
wiser than moth millers? 

It is "for lack of knowledge," partly, that 
men become captives of habit. There are 
some who forge their own chain wilfully, 
knowing well the consequences. They enter 
the saloon saying defiantly to companions, 
"Nominate your poison." But many drink 
because they have not been persuaded that 
beer is not relatively harmless. It is our 
duty, to whom the warnings of experience 
or of science have come, to see that no 
one in all the world, so far as we can reach, 
is left without such warning as is given in 
the testimonies of American and German 
and other doctrines against beer. (Apply, 
with stamp, for free copy of "Scientific 
Testimony on Beer," to International Re 
form Bureau, 206 Pennsylvania Ave., s. e., 
Washington, D. C.) It should be made im- 
possible for any boy or girl in the world 
not to know that insurance tables show 
that "abstainers have forty per cent, more 
life than even moderate drinkers; that ab- 
stainers in the United States, at least, have 
in half the business establishments, es- 
pecially railroads, a better chance of em- 
ployment; that they have far less chance 
of getting into the hospital, the poor house 
or the jail. 



Great Men Conquered by Alcohol. 

"Their honorable men are famished/' It 



is amazing that young men should be such 
egotists as you say that they have nothing 
to fear from a foe that has laid low such 
great men as Pitt and Addison and Sir 
George Trevelyan and Charles Lamb and 
Hartley Coleridge and "Bonnie Prince 
Charlie" — all these cited by Farrar for Eng- 
land — and such great Americans as Webster 
and Poe and Yates, and many more. 
Gen. Nelson A. Miles long ago wrote to 
young men to avoid both tobacco and in- 
toxicants if they would give themselves the 
best chance of success. Let us put against 
the sad cases we have named a President 
and Vice-President, whose courageous ab- 
stinence is an inspiration. When Lincoln 
was a boy, almost even'body drank. Among 
those who were working for temperance in 
that early day was "Old Uncle John," as he 
was called, who gathered the people to- 
gether for meetings in the rough log school 
houses of sparsely settled communities. 
One long to be remembered night he made 
his plea, ending with an invitation to come 
forward and sign the pledge. There was 
only one who moved. A tall boy got to his 
feet and came up the aisle. Even in that 
rough audience he made an ungainly ap- 
pearance in his sadly outgrown clothes, 
coarse and too short in trousers and sleeves. 
But a hush fell on the rough man as that 
boy, with determination in his face, stooped 
to write the name of "Abraham Lincoln" 
on the pledge. Lincoln always attributed 
much of his success in life to his temper- 
ance principles, and years afterward when 
as President of the United Stales he had 
the pleasure of entertaining "Old Uncle 
John" in the White House, he said to him : 
"I owe more to you than to almost any one 
of whom I can think. If I had not signed 
the pledge with you in the days of my 
youthful temptation I should probably have 
gone the way of a majority of my youthful 
companions, who lived drunkards' lives and 
now are filling drunkards' graves. When a 
candidate for President his attitude was 
early shown by lus cold water reception o\ 
the committee appointed to notify him of 
his nomination. Tt was behoved neeessary 



8 4 



World Book of Temperance 



to serve wine to the committee and friends 
brought in wine and wine glasses. Lincoln 
thanked them for their intended kindness, 
but ordered it away at once, and called for 
a pitcher of water and glasses, saying, "We 
will drink to the fortunes of our Party in 
the best beverage ever brewed for man.'' 

Victories of Japanese Abstainers ♦ 

Wonderful victories of Japan in the re- 
cent war were won by abstainers. Mr. Yos- 
hito Komma, the Japanese Vice- Consul in 
Chicago, translates the following testimony . 
"Never drink wine/' says Field Marshal 
Oyama. Major-General Fukushima says: 
"If I had been a drinker, my journey on 
horseback through Siberia would have been 
a failure." The late Commander Hirose, 
a hero of the Japanese Navy, had never 
drunk sake nor smoked tobacco, says 
Admiral Yamanoto, Minister of the Navy. 
The late Colonel Ishikawa said that sake 
and tobacco were the most formidable 
enemies of health. The late Colonel Ishi- 
mura never touched sake nor tobacco. Com- 
mander Iwamuro says: "] myself gave up 
drinking wine long ago, and have been a 
temperance man ever since." General 
Kuroki is also an abstainer. 

"Their multitude are parched with thirst." 
John Burns, greatest of labor leaders, at- 
tributes to drink, chiefly, the poverty and 
degradation and sorrow of the working 
classes. "The Catholic Abstainer" tells this 
good story : "The lettering on the window 
of a store, acquired as the site for a new 
saloon, read : "Album Factory." A painter 
was sent for to change it at as reasonable 
a price as possible. He informed the suc- 
cessful applicant that "the cheapest and 
quickest method would be to obliterate the 
first two letters." The saloon is a "Bum 
Factory," indeed. And here is another 
story showing how drink impoverishes the 
multitude: "I've just been to the doctor to 
have him look at my throat." "What's the 
matter?" "Well, the doctor couldn't give 
any encouragement; at least, he couldn't 
find what I wanted him to find." "What 
did you expect him to find?" "I asked 



him to look down my throat for the saw- 
mill and farm that had gone down there." 
"And did he see anything of them?'" "No, 
but he advised me, if I ever get another 
mill, to run it by water." 

"Therefore hell hath enlarged herself and 
opened her mouth without measure" to re- 
ceive the annual intake of one hundred 
thousand drunkards that "cannot inherit 
the Kingdom of God" (i Cor. 6: 10), and 
thousands of worse drunkard makers. I 
have read of a town meeting in Pennsyl- 
vania where this question of license was to 
be decided. As the question was about to 
be put, there arose from one corner of the 
room a miserable female, wrinkled and 
gaunt. Stretching out her arms, she cried, 
in a shrill voice, "Look upon me. You all 
know me, or once did. You all know that 
I was the mistress of the best farm here- 
about. You all know, too, that I had one 
of the best, the most devoted of husbands. 
You all know I had five noble-hearted in- 
dustrious boys. Where are they all now? 
Doctor, where are they all now? You all 
know. You know they all lie in a row, side 
by side, in yonder churchyard ; every one of 
them Ulling the drunkard's grave! They 
were all taught to believe that temperate 
drinking was safe — excess alone ought to 
be avoided — and they never acknowledged 
excess. They quoted you and you and you, 
pointing with her shred of a finger to him 
who said that alcohol was a good creature 
of God, to him who sold the poison, to him 
who gave it as a medicine. They thought 
themselves safe under such teachers. But I 
saw the gradual change coming over my 
family and prospects with dismay and hor- 
ror. I felt we were all to be overwhelmed 
in one common ruin. I tried to ward off 
the blow. I tried to break the spell, the 
delusive spell, in which the idea of the ben- 
efits of temperate drinking had involved my 
husband and sons. I begged, I prayed ; but 
the odds were against me. My poor hus- 
band and my dear boys fell into the snare. 
Now look at me again. You probably see 
me for the last time, my sand has almost 
run, I have dragged my exhausted frame 



Alcohol's Harvest of Woes. 



85 



from my present home, your poorhouse, to 
warn you all, to warn you who taught, you 
who sold, and you who gave." With her 
arms high flung and her tall form stretched 
to its utmost, and her voice raised to an un- 
earthly pitch, she exclaimed : "i shall 

SOON STAND BEFORE THE JUDGMENT SEAT OF 
GOD; I SHALL MEET YOU THERE, YOU FALSE 
GUIDES, AND BE A WITNESS AGAINST YOU 
ALL." 

She spoke and vanished. But when the 
chairman put the question, "Shall there be 
granted any license for the sale of spirit- 
uous liquors?" the response was a unani- 
mous "No." 

"Woe unto them that call evil good, 
which justify the wicked for reward." More 
directly than any other Bible writer, Isaiah 
condemns the principle of license. "Your 
covenant with -death shali be disannulled" 
(Isa. 28:18). 

In Mexico in a certain district the deadly 
scorpions became so numerous that the 
government offered a bounty of twelve cents 
for every scorpion killed. Instead of lessen- 
ing the evil this increased it, for the people 
at once went to raising scorpions regardless 
of the peril to the children that they might 
kill them for the reward. So the saloon- 
keepers, "for reward," are raising the 
scorpions of intemperance that destroy our 
boys and girls. In view of the indifference 
of earthly rulers to such infamies, a just 
God must have an after-death Court of 



Error where such scorpion raisers will find 
the just reward of their hellish crimes. 

The Arrest of Thought for Liquor 
Dealers. 

I believe that some saloon-keepers might 
be saved from the hell to which they are 
hastening by tactful appeals in behalf of 
their own homes and the homes of others. 
A saloon-keeper went home one afternoon 
when his wife was out shopping. He went 
through the house into the back yard, and 
there under an apple-tree his boys and 
others were playing "keep saloon." They 
had a bench and some bottles and tumblers. 
He noticed that they were drinking some- 
thing out of a pail, and that they acted 
strange. The youngest, who was behind the 
bar, had a towel wound around his waist, 
and was freely dispensing the liquor. 
Smith walked over and looked into the 
pail. It was beer, and two of the boys were 
so drunk that they staggered. A neighbor's 
boy, two years older, lay asleep behind a 
tree. . "Boys, you must not drink that !" he 
said, as he lifted his six-year-old from be- 
hind the bench. "We's playin' s'loon, papa ; 
an' I was sellin' it just like you," said the 
little fellow proudly. Smith poured out the 
beer, carried his neighbor's drunken boy 
home, and then put his own boys to bed. 
When his wife came back she found him 
crying like a child. He came downtown 
that night and sold out his business, and 
says he will never sell or drink another 
drop of liquor. 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



Intoxicating liquor is 


the devil's 


fishhook. 


It easily 


goes 


in — but 


not out. 


The ten- 


dency of 


the 


use of 


a little intoxicating 


liquor is 


to 


produce 


a diseased 


appetite 


for more.- 


-Dr. 


Joseph 


Cook. 





A WORLD-WIDE WAR ON OPIUM NOW ON. 



The 28th chapter of Isaiah, selected for 
'"World's Temperance Sunday," in 1907, 
was named again in 1908 for the same great 
day, no doubt because, more than any other 
Bible passage, it pictures the ruin, not of 
"individuals only, but of nations, through 
drink. And in 1908 its most pertinent mod- 
ern application was to an official opium 
conference at Shanghai, called for January 
1, 1909, by President Roosevelt — the great- 
est act of his life, and the greatest thing 
before the world that could be done. The 
world-wide war on opium thus inaugurated 
should be the signal for the general adop- 
tion of ex-Senator H. W. Blair's broadened 
platform : "The temperance movement 
should include all poisonous substances 
which create or excite unnatural appetite, 
and the goal should be international." 
One national application of this lesson 
in the United States should be a pe- 
tition to the United States Senate, dupli- 
cated to House of Representatives, to pro- 
hibit all interstate and foreign commerce in 
opium except guardedly for medicinal 
uses'. We import and sell four times as 
much, says our chief delegate to Shanghai, 
Dr. Hamilton Wright, as there is any le- 
gitimate use for — four hundred and forty- 
four pounds in one recent year. That we 
may go to Shanghai with "clean hands," 
all sales of opium for vicious uses should be 
prohibited in Hawaii and San Francisco 
and wherever our national jurisdiction ex- 
tends, as they have been prohibited in the 
Philippines. 

We subjoin the chief facts about the 
Opium Wars and the subsequent Anti- 
Opium War now moving toward final vic- 
tory. 

1. Opium for vicious uses was introduced 
into China mostly by Portuguese and Brit- 
ish smugglers, in defiance of China's law 
prohibiting the sale or use of opium except 
for medicinal uses. Dr. James S. Dennis, 
author of ''Missions and Social Progress/' 
the highest authority on such themes, says 
that China, until seduced and forced by so- 
called Christian nations, was almost wholly 
free from vicious uses of opium. 2. When 
the Chinese government seized the smug- 
glers' opium, Great Britain fought to de- 
fend and reimburse the smugglers. Three 
Opium Wars were necessary before Britain 
could compel China to license the intoxicat- 
ing drug. After the first Opium War, 
1840-42, although China was powerless to 
enforce her decree, the Emperor, with a no- 
bility that might well shame most of the 
so-called Christian rulers, said to those 
who urged the licensing of opium: "I wil^ 



not take a revenue from what represents 
the vices and misfortunes of my subjects." 
The illegal smuggling went on, however, 
and another Opium War was fought in 
1858, at the close of which the crushed 
Emperor, with only blunderbusses to re- 
sist modern gunboats and artillery, con- 
sented to license the importation of opium 
at a few ports. But it took yet another 
Opium War, in 1861, to write in blood this 
license of opium. 3. Some of the British 
people, led by the Society of Friends, or- 
ganized their protests against this wrong- 
in anti-opium societies, that for sixty 
years fought to emancipate China. India 
made so much money from it that even 
an opium commission, appointed to investi- 
gate, whitewashed the infamy — only Hon. 
H. J. Wilson refusing to sign. Parliament 
at one time voted a declaration that "the 
Indo-Chinese opium trade is morally inde- 
fensible" — they might well have added but 
financially impregnable, for nothing came 
of the resolution. 

In 1903, an opium monopoly proposed by 
the American Philippine government, was 
overruled through an appeal from the 
American missionaries and Chinese Board 
of Trade in Manila to the American people 
through the International Reform Bureau. 
In half a week there was developed such a 
telegraphic protest that President Roosevelt 
electrocuted by a cablegram the half-born 
opium monopoly. As a result, an Opium 
Commission was sent out that reported the 
truth about opium in Asia. Then in 1905 
opium prohibition was ordered by Congress 
to take full effect March 1, 1908. During 
these same years Australia, New Zealand 
and South Africa banished opium. This 
world-encircling wave of anti-opium reform 
reached the British Parliament on May 30, 
1906, and swept through unanimously a 
resolution that the British government 
should "bring the Indo-Chinese opium trade 
to a speedy close." 

To change the figure, that debate was 
the Waterloo of opium, with the faithful 
British Anti-Opium Federation playing the 
part of Wellington, and gladly acknowl- 
edging its chief ally, the Reform Bureau, 
as the Blucher that brought in the neces- 
sary foreign re-enforcements, led by the 
Rough Rider — President Roosevelt having 
been enlisted through American chambers 
of commerce — and the Mikado, whom the 
President called to his side, with American 
missionary societies and boards of trade 
making up the rank and file. 

(Continued on page 112.) 



Nations Destroyed by Drink* 



Isaiah 28: 1-16. 



1 Woe to the crown of pride of the 
drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading 
flower of his glorious beauty, which is on 
the head of the fat valley of thefn that are 
overcome with wine ! 2 Behold, the Lord 
hath a mighty and strong one; as a tem- 
pest of hail, a destroying storm, as a tem- 
pest of mighty waters overflowing, will he 
cast down to the earth with the hand. 3 
The crown of pride of the drunkards of 
Ephraim shall be trodden under foot; 4 
and the fading flower of his glorious beauty, 
which is on the head of the fat valley, shall 
be as the first-ripe fig before the summer; 
which when he that looketh upon it seeth, 
while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. 
5 In that day will Jehovah of hosts be- 
come a crown of glory, and a diadem of 
beauty, unto the residue of his people; 6 
and a spirit of justice to him that sitteth 
in judgment, and strength to them that turn 
back the battle at the gate. 7 And even 
these reel with wine, and stagger with 
strong drink; the priest' and the prophet 
reel with strong drink, they are swallowed 
up of wine, they stagger with strong drink; 
they err in vision, they stumble in judg- 
ment. 8 For all tables are full of vomit 
and filthiness, so that there is no place 
clean. 9 Whom will he teach knowledge? 



and whom will he make to understand the 
message? them that are weaned from the 
milk, and drawn from the breasts? 10 
For it is precept upon precept, precept upon 
precept ; line upon line, line upon line ; here 
a little, there a little. 11 Nay, but by men of 
strange lips and with another tongue will 
he speak to this people; 12 to whom he 
said, This is the rest, give ye rest to him 
that is weary; and this is the refreshing; 
yet they would not hear. 13 Therefore 
shall the word of Jehovah be unto them 
precept upon precept, precept upon precept ; 
line upon line, line upon line; here a little, 
there a little; that they may go and fall 
backward, and be broken, and snared, and 
taken. 14 Wherefore hear the word of 
Jehovah, ye scoffers, that rule this people 
that is in Jerusalem: 15 Because ye have 
said, We have made a covenant with death, 
and with Sheol are we at agreement; when 
the overflowing scourge shall pass through, 
it shall not come unto us ; for we have 
made lies our refuge, and under falsehood 
have we hid ourselves: 16 Therefore thus 
saith the Lord Jehovah, Behold, I lay in 
Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried 
stone, a precious comer-stone of sure 
foundation: he that believeth shall not be 
in haste. 



Golden Text: Behold I lay in Zion for a foundation * 

of sure foundation. — Isa. 28 



16. 



a precious corner-stone, 



The Wreath of the Reveler, 
the First Link in Israel's 
Chain of Captivity* 

"Woe to the crozvn of pride of 
the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the 
fading flower of his glorious beauty." 
Isaiah here calls the whole kingdom 
of Israel "Ephraim," after the name 
of its chief tribe. Samaria, the cap- 
ital city of Israel, was built on the 
summit of a verdant, isolated cone- 
shaped hill, where the marble palaces, 
glistening in the sun, seemed from a 
distance like the crown of silver olive 
leaves, with which its revelers were 
crowned at their feasts. Because its 
people were so given to wine, this 



"glorious beauty" was to become a 
lost crown, "a fading flower." When 
Isaiah spoke, the Assyrians were 
already sweeping down, like a 
"scourge of God," upon the upper 
kingdom, whose sin and fall Isaiah 
held up as a mirror of Judah's pres- 
ent sin and future fall, which occurred 
about a hundred years later. Sama- 
ria is to-day a ruin, whose broken 
marble pillars on the hilltop suggest a 
crushed wreath or a trampled crown, 
an eloquent warning against the vices 
that blight nations and individuals 
alike. The word Sychar (John 4: 5V 
afterwards given to a village close at 
hand, is supposed to come from 
shikkora, meaning drunkards, a mon- 



World Book of Temperance. 




ument of the shame described in the 
text. That it was real drunkenness, 
not a poetic allegory, Amos' testimony 
shows (Amos 4: 1). "Look," says 
Isaiah, in substance, "to the ruin 
which intemperance is bringing to our 
sister state, and behold the same symp- 
toms of approaching national death 
here in Judah." 

Why Nations Die, 

Samaria and Judah were never con- 
quered except when corrupted. The 
bottles on the inside were the batter- 
ing rams they had most to fear. Sel- 
dom has even a small nation been 
conquered when robust in virtue. The 
American colonies in 1776, and the 
Swiss, in many wars, are examples. 
And what a defense a handful of 
Boers, fortified with Bibles and cold 
water, recently put up against one of 
the mightiest powers in Europe! 
Since no nation ever died of free 



trade, or free silver, but many have 
died of free love, that is, of immoral- 
ity in its many forms, we of the rank 
and file should demand of political 
leaders that moral questions shall be 
recognized as the chief questions in 
politics. 

The figure of a "crown" lost through 
drink, a laurel wreath blighted by 
dissipation, has a personal as well as 
national significance, and recalls many 
a king besides Belshazzar, whose 
doom came as he drank, and many a 
genius, like Poe and Burns, whose 
glorious beauty was a fading flower, 
because the blight of appetite was upon 
his laurels. 

New York, a few years ago, fur- 
nished a fresh illustration of the fact 
that drink, like death, "loves a shin- 
ing mark" — and in this case both hit 
the mark. One morning the papers 
published the news that a man had 
been murdered in a saloon, in a quar- 



Nations Destroyed by Drink 



8 9 



rel about women. The victim was 
the son of a world-famed statesman, 
and had himself worn "crowns of 
pride," in diplomacy, in finance and in 
society ; but in that uncovering of his 
double life his crowns suddenly faded. 
Far worse than death was the shame 
he had brought on himself and his 
family. His bottle had proved a bul- 
let to shoot his loved ones to the heart. 

A native of Peru has slain an ani- 
mal for food. He leaves upon the 
skin some pieces of the raw flesh and 
goes with it far up the mountain side, 
upon the rugged Andes. He finds a 
crevice in the rock, lies down in it and 
covers himself up with the skin, with 
the raw side exposed. The giant con- 
dor, seated on the cliff, or soaring far 
above the clouds, scents the flesh. He 
drops upon the pelt and pulls the 
flesh off with his beak. But the native 
underneath seizes him by the feet, 
and, wrapping the skin around him, 
sells him at the nearest port, to dec- 
orate some city park a thousand miles 
away. So many a genius, capable of 
a lofty flight, is caught and carried 
captive through his appetites. 

"Overcome with wine" The orig- 
inal word means one smitten, beaten, 
knocked down with wine, as with a 
hammer ; laid prostrate, unable to rise. 
It is the fashion to lay such deadly 
blows of drink mostly to whiskey and 
other distilled liquors, but it is wine 
which carries the bludgeon in this 
text. It is even worse to-day, when 
wine not only does its own mischief 
but leads its victim on to the thrall of 
the spirituous liquors. For example, 
in France, where the people drink on 
the average more wine than any other 
people, and the purest wine, for they 
make it themselves, the wine does not 
lessen the consumption of stronger 
drinks, as is shown by a table of liquor 
revenue statistics, gathered by Amer- 
ican consuls from many nations in 
1904. The French people drink more 



distilled liquor per capita than those 
of any other land, "much of it the 
worst kind, absinthe, to which their 
doctors and statesmen alike attribute, 
more than to anything else except 
impurity, which is largely prompted 
by drink, the fact that in France alone 
of all civilized nations, the birth rate 
has fallen below the death rate. In 
Switzerland, another wine country, 
the absinthe habit became so serious 
that it was prohibited in 1908 by a 
referendum. The Emperor of Ger- 
many, having investigated the increas- 
ing consumption of intoxicating bev- 
erages among his subjects in 1904, 
was quoted as saying, "This tremen- 
dous guzzling must be stopped some- 
how." These facts make sad havoc 
of the old fallacy about beer and wine 
being cures for drunkenness. "Light 
wines — nothing so treacherous!" said 
Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton ; "they 
inflame the brain like fire, while melt- 
ing on the palate like ice. All inhab- 
itants of light wine countries are 
quarrelsome." 

"Overcome with wine!" That has 
been written of many who started life 
as confidently as the bright boys and 
girls in our Sunday-schools. Shall it 
be written of any to whom this lesson 
comes with timely warning? It can- 
not be true of any person whose prac- 
tice is abstinence. When "overcome 
of wine" a man becomes a wild beast, 
and even a beast it makes more 
beastly. A Chicago dispatch said, "A 
big herd of cattle, maddened and half 
intoxicated from alcohol used in dis- 
tillery 'slop* fed to them, stampeded 
in the stockyards. More than a score 
of the animals met death in the rush. 
Scenes were enacted that for terror 
and blood made old stockmen and 
cowboys turn their backs. One man 
nearly lost his life. The herd stam- 
peded numbered more than six hun- 
dred of the kind that are known as 
the "distillery cattle," because they are 



90 



World Book of Temperance. 







GOING INTO CAPTIVITY. 



Nations Destroyed by Prink 



91 



fattened on the refuse from liquor 
mills." Drunken horned cattle are not 
so terrible as drunken men armed with 
pistols as they rage about the streets 
and about their homes, destroying 
wife and children and neighbors. 

"Overcome of wine" — shall it be 
written of you ? Shall it be written of 
our country ? Shall we not rather our- 
selves "overcome" this personal and 
national foe by total abstinence and 
prohibition, the only weapons with 
which it has been overcome anywhere. 
In this matter, the Orient has been 
wiser than the Occident. Ancient 
India and Arabia were greatly cursed 
by drunkenness, but the religious 
leaders did not make the deadly 
blunder made by Europe and America 
for ages, of relying upon "modera- 
tion" and "license" as cures for this 
curse. The leaders in Church and 
State in India and Arabia said, in 
the name of religion, and government, 
"Stop the habit, stop the traffic!" And 
the result is, several hundred millions 
of Hindoos, Buddhists and Mohamme- 
dans are free from even the hereditary 
taint of alcohol — only a few have yet 
been corrupted by white men, refut- 
ing utterly that shallow sophistry of 
the indulgent and the lazy, that "all 
men have an inherent appetite for 
drink, that will be gratified in some 
way, and so it is useless to fight 
against it." 

The Worst of Floods* 

■' Behold the Lord hath a mighty 
and strong one; . . . , as a tempest 
of mighty waters overflowing." This 
is the prophet's description of the 
Assyrian army, which was pouring 
like a resistless, destroying flood, 
swept on by a tempest of hail, down 
upon the kingdom of Israel, to cast 
down its crown — a flood which God 
would not stay because Israel's sins 
called for judgment. This descrip- 



tion is not too strong for the curse of 
drink, which is a rising flood, pouring 
through all lands, was increasing in 
every country in the world at the 
dawn of the 20th Christian Century. 
As in Israel and Judah in the pros- 
perous time of our story, so every- 
where increasing intemperance is a 
dread consequence of "prosperity." 
The "fat valleys" and the "overcoming 
of wine" evermore go together. 
"Neither abundance of food, nor 
splendor of scenery, nor religious 
institutions, were able to preserve 
the Ephraimites from the effects 
of the dissoluteness which they 
courted by the use of intoxicating 
wine. The Jews had a tradition that 
the wine of Pregiatha and the waters 
of Diomasit cut off the ten tribes." 
This flood of drink is not a visitation 
of God, but is due to our own self- 
indulgence and cowardice. We 
might have shut the flood out of the 
land by dykes of prohibition, and out 
of our homes by total abstinence. 

Trampled Crowns* 

"The crown of pride shall be trod- 
den under foot." Here again the revel- 
er's crown is pictured, not alone as 
faded, but as trampled under foot. 
How literally all that is beautiful in 
life is trampled under foot by drink! 
Even the orange blossoms of a happy 
bride are soon trampled on by a 
drunken husband, alas ! with increas- 
ing frequency in these days by a 
drunken wife . Love is turned to 
loathing. The beautiful boy becomes 
a bloated tramp, the beautiful girl a 
drunkard's haggard wife. Let us stop 
this treading of beauty under foot, and 
instead tread down the evil custom 
and stamp out the evil traffic. Let us 
put with Isaiah's "Woe to the crown 
of pride!" Solomon's "Who hath 
woe?" and Habakkuk's "Woe unto 
him that giveth his neighbor drink!" 
We give our neighbor drink when we 



92 



World Book of Temperance. 



directly or indirectly authorize another 
to do it. 

"As the first ripe fig." The gather- 
ing of figs takes place about August. 
Now if anyone sees a fig as early as 
June, he fixes his eye upon it and 
hardly touches it with his hand before 
he swallows it. "Like such a dainty 
bit," says Delitsch, "will the luxuriant 
Samaria vanish." How many a strong- 
man has been thrown down, like a 
faded wreath, by wine, his money 
seized like the "first ripe fig" by the 
dealer ! 

Captivity to Alcohol in Judah 

Preceding and Preparing for 

Captivity in Assyria, 

"In that day shall the Lord of hosts 
be for a crown of glory unto the 
residue of his people." Here the 
prophet turns to Judah, which is to be 
the "residue" when presently Israel is 
carried captive; but even in Judah he 
seems to single out in this verse the 
few that are loyal, before turning to 
the many whose intemperance will 
bring ruin to the nation. In contrast 
with the reveler's crown this verse 
sets the present crown of glory that 
God gives to those who keep His wise 
and powerful laws, revealed in Scrip- 
ture and nature for our good always. 
If there were no world but this, it 
would never pay to break a law of 
God, as every one does who uses a 
poison as a beverage. He who breaks 
the law of God, collides with the uni- 
verse. No real defeat can come to £. 
good man, for this God-made, God- 
ruled world was made for good men. 

Fierce though the fiends may fight, 
And long though the angels hide, 

We know that the truth and right 
Have the universe on their side. 
Washington Gladden. 

"They also have erred through 
wine." Having pointed out the sin and 
punishment of the neighboring king- 



dom, Isaiah, as a faithful preacher 
and teacher, plainly tells the rulers of 
Judah that the same sins are to be 
found at home, and will bring like 
retribution sooner or later. "Israel 
enslaved to drink will soon be captive 
in Assyria," he says in substance, "and 
so will Judah if you do not reform." 
The warning was in vain. Judah con- 
tinued to drink and indulge the other 
sins it led to, especially in a luxuri- 
ous time, and in a hundred years the 
nation fell. During the Spanish war 
the writer one Sabbath evening told 
the united aristocratic churches of 
Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, that if they 
went on tolerating such a Spanish 
Sunday as he had seen that day in 
their city, a combination of Sabbath 
breaking, intemperance and impurity, 
they would in a hundred years be 
Spanish themselves. Little heed is 
commonly given to such warnings. 
The man who is beginning to drink, 
says gaily, "I could stop, but I won't," 
taking no warning from the sot beside 
him who exclaims bitterly, "I would 
abstain, but I can't." The greatest 
error of those who have to do with 
wine is the error which the French 
scientists are exposing in a bill-poster 
campaign against "alcoholism," which 
means the diseased condition of the 
tippler who may never have been 
drunk, but whose bodily cells are all 
poisoned by a daily indulgence that 
ignorant people call "moderation" and 
suppose to be harmless. It is gross 
ignorance to think the only peril in 
using intoxicants is the danger of 
getting drunk. A monthly spree is 
less harmful than a daily tipple. (See 
"Temperance Tour," end of book.) 



The saloons would abolish the 
churches if they could. 

The churches could abolish the 
so loons if they would. 



Nations Destroyed by Drink. 



93 



"The priests and the prophets have 
erred through strong drink.'' Thank 
God, our American preachers are 
mostly right as to abstinence at least, 
though some of them, because moral 
questions did not receive due atten- 
tion in their education, do not see that 
prohibition is the only right and effect- 
ive attitude for the government to take 
toward a traffic which is the worst foe 
of the nation's homes, of its com- 
merce, of its politics. Gladstone's 
great word, "It is the purpose of the 
law to make it as hard as possible to 
do wrong and as easy as possible to do 
right," exactly defines the aim of all 
prohibitory laws, and answers objec- 
tions, based on the assumption that 
prohibition does not prohibit if it does 
not annihilate. The only proper test 
of a law is : "Does it make it harder 
to do wrong?" No statistics are 
needed to prove that prohibition makes 
it harder to sell drink than any other 
law, for the liquor dealers have organ- 
ized literary bureaus that are paying 
advertising rates in newspapers for 
articles written to prove that prohibi- 
tion is a failure. They will make some 
believe that, who have not wit enough 
to see that if more liquor is sold under 
prohibition, with no license fee to pay, 
all the liquor dealers would favor and 
promote prohibition. 

Cigarettes, Too* 

Writing in "Science Progress," in 
1908, Dr.Cushny maintains that "some 
of the highest functions of the brain 
are thrown out of action by alcohol 



administered in quantities which in- 
duce the phase of exhilaration. Thus 
it is found that typesetters do a smaller 
amount of work and make a much 
larger number of misprints when even 
a couple of glasses of beer are allowed 
than when they perform their work 
without the beer." George Baumhoff, 
Superintendent Lindell Railway, St. 
Louis, Mo., once said: "Under no 
circumstances will I hire a man who 
smokes cigarettes. He is as dangerous 
at the front end of a motor as the man 
who drinks ; in fact he is more danger- 
ous. His nerves are bound to give 
away at a critical moment. A motor- 
man needs his nerve all the time, and 
a cigarette smoker cannot stand the 
strain." Thomas A. Edison, the 
great chemist and inventor, says: 
"The smoking of cigarettes is one of 
the worst, most offensive and harmful 
habits acquired by man. It ought to 
be against the law to sell or smoke 
them. They go well together those 
two drugs — cigarettes and alcohol — 
and they accomplish wonders in re- 
ducing man to a vicious animal." 
f Apply with stamp to "Sunday-school 
Times," Philadelphia, for leaflet show- 
ing doors closed to users of cigar- 
ettes.) 

"They err in vision, they stumble in 
judgment." In this description of the 
effect of liquor upon brain and soul 
we get close to the reason why fifty- 
one per cent, of all American employ- 
ers forbid their men to drink on duty 
— many of them requiring total abstin- 
ence at all times. A man who is even 



At first: 

" What 
will 
vou 
have?" 


CIDER 

BEER 

WINE 

RLE 

BRANDY 

WHISKEY 

RUM 

GIN 


At the last : 

"What 
will 
have 

YOU?" 



94 



World Book of Temperance. 



slightly under the influence of alcohol 
is likely to make some error of 
"vision" or of "judgment" that may 
have serious results, or by loss of that 
higher "vision" that relates to charac- 
ter he is likely to get into those vices 
that are so costly that dishonesty is the 
logical result. 

Notwithstanding the fact that more 
than half the business establishments 
of America either require abstinence 
of their employees at least while on 
duty, or discriminate in other ways in 
favor of the abstainer, the per capita 
American consumption of intoxicants 
in 1908 was more than twenty-three 
gallons per capita, and the direct cost 
$1,400,000,000, with as much more of 
indirect cost. And the American con- 
sumption is less than that of any other 
white commonwealth except Canada 
and Australasia. Canada consumes 
one-fourth and Australasia three- 
fourths as much per capita. There 
was a slight decrease in liquor con- 
sumption in 1908, due probably to 
five States adopting prohibition in 
that and the previous year. For our 
own sakes, and our country's sake, 
let us keep clear brains and pure 
hearts. 

"Whom shall he teach knowledge?" 
Drunken officials answer Isaiah in 
substance : "What do you take us 
for? Newly-weaned babes that need 
such stammering baby talk?" To 
which the prophet replies that God 



will speak to them through a people 
whose strange tongue shall seem to 
them like stammering, since they have 
refused the "rest" He has offered 
them. He reads out of their hearts 
their confidence in escape from 
threatened punishment from Assyria 
through "covenants" or treaties with 
Egypt, which he assures them will be 
in vain. 

"Therefore . . . behold I lay in 
Zion . . . a precious corner-stone." 
"Therefore" is strangely followed by a 
promise instead of a threat, but, as the 
last clause shows, a promise for believ- 
ers only and so a savor of death unto 
death to all others. Jehovah opposes 
to the false ground of confidence on 
which the leaders relied, namely, 
covenants with Egypt, the foundation- 
stone to be laid in Zion, Jesus Christ, 
which would uphold the believing in 
immovable safety, but on which the 
unbelieving would be broken in 
pieces (Matt. 21 : 44). 

Israel's captivity was perpetual, as 
we recall in speaking sadly of the "lost 
tribes," while Judah repented and was 
restored. So the many among those 
who once enter the captivity of appe- 
tite are "lost," while a few only are 
restored, mostly those who have 
learned in their despair that 

The Lion of Judah can break every 
chain, 
And give us the victo^ again and again. 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



At this point abridged edition omits two lessons from Daniel, four from the Gospels, two 
from epistles of Paul, one from Peter, 0110 from Revelation, which will make total in complete 
edition twenty-four. 



EVOLUTION OF JUDGE ARTMAN'S DECISION THAT LICENSES TO 
SELL INTOXICATING BEVERAGES ARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL. 



BY CHARLES E. NEWLIN. 



John Lockes : "The end of government 
is the welfare of mankind." 

Lord Mansfield, Court of King's Bench : 
"It is the duty of the judge, in each par- 
ticular case, to make a practical applica- 
tion of the rule of right and wrong, and 
that rule is the common law of England.'' 

Supreme Court of Missouri: "The su- 
preme principle of the common law is the 
public good." 



Governments are instituted among men 
to preserve the natural rights that were 
in citizenship. Constitutions and laws can, 
therefore, grant no rights not already pos- 
sessed by virtue of citizenship, but are 
enacted to make such rights secure. The 
Declaration of Independence in its first 
paragraph, recognized this fact. The at- 
tempts to grant rights not inherent in citi- 
zenship, are, therefore unconstitutional. 
Any custom, occupation or business is 
therefore unconstitutional that destroys 
the inherent right to "life, liberty and the 
pursuit of happiness,'' or the objects of the 
government, as set out in the preamble to 
the Constitution, namely, to "establish jus- 
tice, insure domestic tranquility, promote 
the general welfare, and maintain public 
order." 

As to Slavery. 

Recognizing this principle of common 
law, Lord Mansfield, from the King's 
Bench of England, on June 22, 1772, de- 
clared slavery illegal, and freed every 
slave under the British flag the world 
around. 

As to Lotteries. 

In 1883, the Supreme Court of Indiana 
said: "A lottery is immoral and against the 
best interest of the public, and therefore 
can no longer be legalized ; for no legisla- 
ture can bargain away the public health or 
the public morals. The people themselves 
cannot ; much less their servants, the legis- 
lature." The character of the lottery de- 
termined the fact, in the mind of the 
court, that no citizen had an inherent right 
to carry it on, and that therefore the legis- 
lature could not grant nor "preserve" such 
right. 

As to Prize Fights. 

In 1895 the Columbia Athletic Club tried 
to conduct a prize fight. But the court 



Illinois Supreme Court: "The public 
welfare is the underlying principle of the 
common law." 

Chief Justice Coleridge, Court of King's 
Bench: "Nine-tenths of all the criminals 
that come before the court are made 
criminals by the saloon. If we could 
make England sober, we could shut up 
nine-tenths of her prisons." 



held that such an exhibition would so 
plainly be against the "moral and intellec- 
tual improvement of the people that it 
could not be allowed," and declared, "if 
the legislature should attempt to legalize 
prize fighting, such statute would be un- 
constitutional." 

Other Infamies. 

On the same ground statutes prohibiting 
the house of ill-fame, gambling and the 
opium den are held constitutional, and any 
attempt to legalize them would be held to 
be unconstitutional. 

As to Liquor Selling. 

The United States Supreme Court has 
declared: "There is no inherent right of 
a citizen to sell intoxicating liquor by re- 
tail. It is not a privilege of a citizen of 
the State, or a citizen of the United States." 
This decision has been confirmed many 
times by the highest courts. If this were 
not true, all prohibition laws would be 
unconstitutional, for "citizens can not be 
deprived of inherent rights," says the 
courts. The United States Supreme Court 
says : "It is undoubtedly true that it is the 
right of every citizen of the United States 
to pursue any lawful trade or business." 
Such trade or business can only be regu- 
lated or restricted, not prohibited. 
Slaughter houses may be regulated and 
restricted to certain districts. But a law 
prohibiting all slaughter houses within a 
State would be declared to interfere with 
the citizen's right "to pursue a lawful 
business." The character of the retail 
liquor business must therefore justify this 
decision of the courts that no citizen has 
an inherent right to sell intoxicating liquor 
and from its character we must determine 
the right of the State to attempt \o protect 
citizens in such, rights by enacting I 
recognizing such business as legal under 
certain restrictions. 



9 6 



World Book of Temperance. 



On the character of the business the 
courts are fully agreed, as may be seen 
from a few representative decisions. 
. "Intoxicating liquor is conceded to be 
fraught with such contagious peril to so- 
ciety, that it occupies a different status be- 
fore the courts and the legislatures from 
other kinds of property, and places traffic 
in it upon a different plane from other 
kinds of business." "There is no statisti- 
cal or economical proposition better estab- 
lished, nor one to which more general as- 
sent is given by reading and intelligent 
minds than this ; that the use of intoxicating 
liquors as a drink is the cause of more 
want, pauperism, suffering, crime and pub- 
lic expense, than any other cause."' "We 
presume no one would have the hardihood 
to contend that the retail sale of intoxicat- 
ing drink does not tend, in a large degree, 
to demoralize the community, to foster 
vice, produce crime and beggary, want and 
misery." "By general concurrence of 
opinion of every civilized and Christian 
community, there are few sources of 
crime and misery equal to the dram shop. 
It is the prolific source of disease, misery, 
pauperism, vice and crime." "The theory 
of the legislation upon this subject is that 
the business is harmful to society." Un- 
numbered similar decisions of the highest 
courts might be quoted. 

If slavery and lotteries and prize fight- 
ing and gambling, and the house of ill- 
fame are of such an immoral character, 
and so fraught with danger to the public, 
that they can not be constitutionally legal- 
ized, how can the courts hold that laws are 
constitutional which attempt to legalize a 
business which those same courts declare 
to be worse than any one of them, and 
even worse than all of them combined? 

Story of the Famous Artman Decision* 

Firmly believing liquor license laws un- 
constitutional on the grounds indicated, 
the writer of this argument employed an 
attorney in September, 1906, to put the 
argument into a brief, which the writer 
took to Pittsburg, Philadelphia and New 
York, and submitted to eminent attorneys. 
Returning home with increased confidence, 
a few business men of Indianapolis were 
consulted and agreed to finance the case. 
On January 7th, 1907, a remonstrance was 
filed against the granting of a license to 
conduct a saloon in the 10th ward of In- 



dianapolis. The remonstrance was over- 
ruled and the license was granted. Ap- 
peal was at once taken to the Circuit 
Court. The applicant for license asked for 
a change of venue and the case was taken 
to the Circuit Court of Boone County, In- 
diana, presided over by Judge Samuel R. 
Artman. The case was ably argued on 
January 25th by Doan and Arbison, attor- 
neys for the prosecution. Judge Artman 
took the case under advisement until Feb- 
ruary 13th, when he handed down his now 
famous decision, declaring saloon licenses 
unconstitutional under both the State and 
Federal constitutions. Judge Artman thus 
summarizes his decision in his book, "The 
Legalized Outlaw:" 

"When the courts say that the saloon 
results in much evil ; that it is detri- 
mental to society; that it is danger- 
ous to public and private morals; that 
it is dangerous to public safety and 
good order; that it propagates crime and 
dispenses misery and suffering, they decide 
a question of fact in harmony with the 
universal knowledge of the people, and the 
people are pleased with this just rinding of 
fact. And when the courts say that no 
person has a right to carry on, upon his 
own premises or elsewhere, for his own 
gain or amusement, any public business, 
clearly calculated to injure and destroy 
public morals, or to disturb > the public 
peace, they announce a principle of law 
that springs from the very purpose of 
government, and a principle, which, even 
the unlettered laity must recognize as 
sound. But, when a court, in the same 
opinion in which it places this just esti- 
mate upon the saloon and announces this 
universally recognized principle of law, 
also declares the saloon to be inherently 
lawful and to stand upon the same legal 
basis as the innocent and useful pursuits 
of the drygoods-man, the grocery-man and 
the hardware-man, the people must surely 
realize that the principle has not been cor- 
rectly applied to the fact announced, the 
conclusion must be that the saloon is in- 
herently unlawful." 

The applicant for the license declined to 
appeal the case, frankly stating that the 
liquor men did not wish to risk the de- 
cision of a higher court upon that ques- 
tion. But other suits are_ pending, with 
a view to reaching the United States Su- 
preme Court on new lines.* 



♦Great impetus was given to the contention that liquor licenses are unconstitutional by the 
publication in May, 1908, of "The Legalized Outlaw," by Judge S. R. Artman. In one chapter 
the entire text of his famous decision is given. The other twenty-three chapters contain a most 
complete analysis of the theories of bigh and low license, local option and state prohibition. 
Practically all the important court decisions on the liquor question are woven into a discussion 
of the main question in a way to make it at once interesting to the layman and invaluable to the 
lawyer and temperance worker. 



How Love Keeps and Liquor Breaks the 
Commandments* 



Romans 
8 Owe no man anything, save to love 
one another: for he that loveth his neigh- 
bor hath fulfilled the law. 9 For this, 
Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt 
not steal, Thou shalt not covet, and if there 
be any other commandment, it is summed 
up in this word, namely, Thou shalt love 
thy neighbor as thyself. 10 Love worketh 
no ill to his neighbor : love therefore is the 
fulfilment of the law. 11 And this, know- 
ing the season, that now it is high time for 



13: 8-14. 

you to awake out of sleep : for now is sal- 
vation nearer to us than when we first be- 
lieved. 12 The night is far spent, and the 
day is at hand : let us therefore cast off 
the works of darkness, and let us put on the 
armour of light. 13. Let us walk honestly, 
as in the day; not in revelling and drunk- 
enness, not in chambering and wantonness, 
not in strife and jealousy. 14 But put ye 
on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not 
provision for the flesh, to fulfil the lusts 
thereof. 



Golden Text : Put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ. — Ro 



m. 13: 14. 



One of the eight commandments of 
Buddha forbids the use of intoxicants. 
This and like commandments of Hin- 
duism and Mohammedanism have 
protected half of the human race 
against the drink curse, and furnished 
to heathen religions their one con- 
spicuous virtue. These religions en- 
force prohibition better than it is en- 
forced in some prohibitory parts of 




Christian nations, and they observe 
their total abstinence rule better than 
the_ ethical rules of our own churches 
are observed by some Christians. 
Drink has somewhat invaded these 
total abstinence religions, chiefly 
among those classes that have been 
influenced by the white man's evil 
example. The seven hundred mil- 
lions who abstain in loyalty to their 
commandments afford seven hundred 
million arguments against the popu- 
lar fallacy that there is in all human 
beings a natural craving for intoxi- 
cants. 



Many a Christian temperance man, 
no doubt, has secretly wished that to- 
tal abstinence and prohibition had 
been one of our Ten Commandments. 
But is not drink forbidden by the 
Decalogue, fairly interpreted? If so, 
why was it not more specifically for- 
bidden? Here are questions that 
should make livciy discussion in any 
wide-awake Sunday-School class. 

A prominent preacher in one of the 
evangelical denominations that allows 
whiskey distillers to be church mem- 
bers, and even elects them to trustee- 
ships, on being reminded that his 
church courts were more ready to re- 
solve in behalf of the Sabbath than of 
temperance, replied, "Oh, yes; Sab- 
bath observance is in the Command- 
ments." It reminded us of the rural 
justice of the peace who dismissed a 
man accused of stealing gooseberries, 
because he could not find anything 
about gooseberries in his law book. 

This temperance lesson finds the 
law against drink where the Christian 
world has found the law against 
slavery, in the second table of the 
Decalogue, whose essence is love to 
man. Temperance is a part of this 
law of right human relations, not a 
solitary virtue, but one apartment in 



9 8 



World Book of Temperance. 




FULL ORBED CHRISTIANITY 



Theology 
dvr TG'GOD 






Sociology %^ 
„ Lo'yeTo,Man w- 
ne Fatherhood Human Brotherhood % 
wal Standards Ethical Standards^ 
^atttnBy Fai t h Justice To Employes 
stersSacredBeskTheMerchants Sacred Desk 
viflia ftsiMnivimrAi s The RegenbrationofSoci ety 
The Kingship of 'Christ 
TheKingdomofGod 

GlFTSTOREFORMS 

Divine "Service 
Anno. DominiJ 
ayerfulPiety Philanthropy 
,ook Up ■ Lift Upj 
? - Save Mem- Save .Man ^ 
v Vows v Vote 



Lords Day 





the happy palace of brotherly virtues 
that is built on the second table of the 
law. 

Public Officials "Ordained." 

"The powers that be are ordained 
of God." (v. i.) This verse is not 
assigned as a part of the lesson, but 
is fundamental, to it — a good citizen- 
ship prelude. It ought not to seem a 
strange saying in a country whose 
Supreme Court has said, "This is a 
Christian nation;" but when Rev. Dr. 
W. J. Robinson stood in the Penn- 
sylvania House of Representatives, 
and, with the solemnity of a bishop 
addressing a class of young preachers, 
reminded the listening Governor and 
legislators that they were civil "min- 
isters," "ordained of God," "called" 
to serve Him and humanity by apply- 
ing the law of Christ to civil affairs, 
it was manifestly to many of them 
and even to some of the preachers 
who were present, a novel view of 



politics. However, when the oppo- 
site doctrine, that "politics owes no 
allegiance to the Decalogue and the 
Golden Rule," was proclaimed by a 
United States Senator, he was speed- 
ily retired from politics, as if to 
prove that the law of Christ had not 
been so retired. A denial in deeds 
often escapes similar rebuke, but it is 
something to have the people hold 
fast even in their ideals to the truth 
that the sovereign and citizen are both 
responsible to God for every political 
act. "The greatest thought that ever 
entered my mind," said the greatest 
of American statesmen, Daniel Web- 
ster, in one of his great moments, "is 
the thought of my individual respon- 
sibility to God." In the words of 
Gladstone, "The purpose of law is to 
make it as hard as possible to do 
wrong, and as easy as possible to do 
right." That is a good paraphrase of 
Paul's words that "rulers should be a 
terror to evil-doers." 



How Love Keeps and Liquor Breaks the Commandments. 



99 



Owe no man anything, but; to love 
another. — One is tempted to linger on 
the drink habit as the prolific mother 
of bad debts. The grocer must 
charge all sober men an extra price 
to cover the uncollectable debts of 
men who spend money they owe for 
the comforts of life in buying the 
curses the saloon has to sell. Charit- 
able people must pay the rent bill, be- 
cause the drunken father put the 
money he owed his landlord into the 
rumsellers' till. On the other hand, 
after five months of no license in 
Worcester, Mass., a city of one hun- 
dred and fifty thousand inhabitants, 
the largest city that ever voted itself 
"dry," a bill collector told an official 
in 1908 he would have to move to 
some license city to make a living be- 
cause the number of bills given him 
to collect were so rapidly diminishing 
under prohibition. The city tax col- 
lector also reported that in spite of 
the hard times he had collected more 
of the tax bills that year than in any 
of the preceding license years. 

But this opening verse of the lesson 
has a greater thought. One debt we 
all owe, even to unworthy neighbors, 
the debt of brotherly love, which we 
must pay in daily installments, and 
can never fully settle up. The best 
way to pay this love is not always in 
charity poured out upon those whose 
poverty is due to vice. In charity, 
as elsewhere, prevention is better 
than cure, and preventive charity is 
reform, which cuts the vicious roots 
of poverty. That man loves the 
drunkard wisely who removes the 
temptations he is too weak to with- 
stand. And he loves best of all who 
saves him when a boy, before he be- 
gins to drink, by total abstinence and 
prohibition. 

Drink is offered in the name of 
friendship, but no man truly loves his 
neighbor who helps to put on him the 
drink habit and its consequences. 



He that lovelh another hath ful- 
filled the law. — Here, again, we find 
the love basis of all law, including 
temperance laws. Children of all 
ages think of law as wilful restraint 
of liberty. But all true laws, divine 
and human, are love's warnings "for 
our good always." Law is the red 
lantern to keep us out of danger, and 
show us the only safe way. Law is the 
lighthouse to keep us off the perilous 




KEEP OFF THE ROCKS. 

rocks. And this is pre-eminently 
true of all temperance laws. 

The broad pedestal of total absti- 
nence and prohibition is shown all 
through this lesson to be the second 
table of the law, which Moses and 
Jesus both condensed into the one 
great command, "Thou shalt love thy 
neighbor as thyself." One church 
wisely gathers its members for moral 
studies under the name of "The 
Right Relationship League." The 
saloon breaks up every right relation, 
honesty, industry, kindliness, alike in 
the home and on the street, in business 
and politics and pleasure. 

Thou shalt not commit adultery. 
Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not 
steal. Thou shalt not bear false wit- 
ness. Thou shalt not covet. — There 
is a legend that the devil, having a 
man in his power, offered him his 



IOO 



World Book of Temperance. 



choice, whether he would be a drunk- 
ard or break all of the command- 
ments. He chose to be a drunkard, 
but the result was that he soon broke 
all of the commandments also. Drink 
makes men atheists and anarchists. 
And whoever heard of a drunkard 
who was not profane and a Sabbath 
breaker? Or of one who did not dis- 
honor his parents? Few murders are 
done by sober men. It is in saloons 
that thieves make their plots, and it 
is there they develop the poverty that 
often prompts to robbery. Adultery 
is the saloon's daily bread. Covetous- 
ness is its unseen motor. Speaking 
of alcohol as a murderer recalls a 
chart in the great tuberculosis ex- 
hibit in Washington in 1908, pictur- 
ing the five chief causes of the "great 

NUMBER OF CRIMINAL DRUNKS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE 



2000 




white plague" that kills 200,000 a year 
in the United States. The first pic- 
ture was an open bottle with a drunken 
man beside it, showing the chief 



cause of this plague. Then followed 
the closed window, overwork, crowded 
sleeping rooms, smoke and dust, and 
breathing through the mouth. If al- 
cohol be the chief cause of these 
200,000 deaths from one disease, 
surely the estimate that drink de- 
stroys 100,000 a year is not too large. 

Official Reports on Alcohol and 
Crime, 

In that same city of Worcester at 
the time named, the police reports 
showed only one-third as many ar- 
rests for drunkenness (and that with 
more alert police), than in previous 
license years; and only sixty per cent. 
as many inmates in the county jail. 

There are countless declarations of 
judges, sheriffs and prison officers _ as _ to 
the proportion of crime due to intoxicating 
beverages. These estimates run from 
three-fourths to nine-tenths, and are all 
confirmed by the official statistics gathered 
in 1880 from nine criminal courts of Suf- 
folk County, Mass., and again by the Mas- 
sachusetts Bureau of Labor in 1895, from 
the whole State. The result varied only 
one per cent, and may be considered the 
most reliable statistics ever gathered on the 
subject, and fairly representative of Amer- 
ican communities where the sale of intoxi- 
cants is licensed. We use the first and 
lowest figures. 

There were 16,897 court sentences, of 
which 12,221 were for drunkenness and 68 
for illegal liquor selling, together making 
73 per cent, of the whole. Further inves- 
tigation showed that 2,097 of the other 
offenders in the 27 per cent, were under 
the influence of intoxicants when the 
crime was committed, carrying the propor- 
tion of crimes traceable directly or indi- 
rectly to drink above 85 per cent. The 
other investigation, including the whole 
State, showed that 84.41 per cent, of the 
26,672 crimes were due to intemperance 
habits, and 82 per cent, were committed 
while the criminal was under the influence 
of intoxicants. 



LOVE WORKETH NO ILL 
TO HIS NEIGHBOR. 



Let the man who thinks the com- 
mandments do not forbid either the 



How Love Keeps and Liquor Breaks the Commandments. 



101 



drink traffic or the drink habit, imag- 
ine the above summary of the sign 
put up over a saloon door. In 
the jeers such a sight would arouse 
he will find how generally the people 
recognize that the saloon breaks not 
one commandment, but all. 

Imagine that motto hung as a motto 
over a private sideboard. Let it be 
written at the top of the petition for 
license which professing Christians 
are about to sign. Put it over the 
ballot box where thoughtless good 
men are about to license saloons by 
their votes. 

It is high time to awake out of 
sleep. — For the most part, men only 
awake when the saloon has kidnapped 
some member of the household. They 
are not aroused when the father or 
son or daughter of a neighbor goes 
over the rapids of drink. It is pro- 
verbial that many, if not most, of the 
temperance workers have been awak- 
ened by the invasion of their own 
homes by the drink evil. What folly 
is this to leave the door unlocked un- 
til, not "the horse," but the hope of 
the household has been stolen! When 
some unknown man or woman is re- 
ported murdered, hundreds of letters 
from broken hearts pour in on the 
police, saying: "Send description. 
Perhaps it is our long lost one." 

Let us put off the works of dark- 
ness, and let us put on the armor of 
light. — One bitter winter night the 
Rev. Mark Guy Pearse had taken a 
cab from a London suburb, and on 
reaching home bade the driver come 
in and get something warm and com- 
fortable but non-intoxicating. He no- 
ticed that "cabby" had no overcoat, 
and inquired how it was that he was 
so insufficiently clad. The man ex- 
plained his poverty, and Mr. Pearse 
said : "Well, now, I've got a coat up- 
stairs that would suit you. But be- 
fore I give it to you, I'm bound to 
tell you that there is something very 



peculiar about that coat, and it is 
right I should explain it to you, be- 
fore you put it on." "What's that, 
sir ?" said the man, considerably mys- 
tified, and not knowing whether he 
might not find it wise to decline 
the mysterious garment. Said Mr. 
Pearse, solemnly, "That coat never 
had a glass of beer or spirits inside 
of it from the day it was made until 
now. I want you to promise me that 
as long as you wear that coat you will 
let 'the drink' alone." "All right, 
sir," said cabby, holding out his 
hand, "all right, sir; I won't upset 
the coat by putting any drink inside 
of it." Many months afterwards, Mr. 
Pearse met the same man again, and 
learned that he had kept his bargain. 

"No, ma'am," said the Pullman por- 
ter to the lady behind us, "the saloon 
does not trouble me any. Since my 
conversion, three . or four years ago, 
I have never touched a drop of liquor 
of any kind, and my wife gets my 
wages." 

He had put off the works of dark- 
ness and had put on the armor of 
light. The figure suggests that 
though revelry assumes to be joy and 
counts goodness as tame, wickedness 
is really "darkness," not alone in that 
it is wickedness, but also in that it is 
really unhappiness ; while ■ goodness 
is "light" in the sense of joy, as well 
as of right. As we write, the news 
comes that a skilled workman, to 
whom Mr. Schwab, of the Steel 
Trust, a year ago promised $100 if 
he would abstain for a year, having 
kept his pledge, has received $200 in- 
stead. This is but a suggestion of 
what abstinence does indirectly for all 
who- practice it, increasing their 
gains and so their means of happi- 
ness. Here it is appropriate to quote 
Andrew Carnegie's words to young- 
men in his new book, "The Empire of 
Business." He says to them : "You 
are more likely to fail in your career 



102 



IVorld Book of Temperance. 



from acquiring the habit of drinking 
liquor than from any or all the other 
temptations likely to assail you." 

Although intemperance is the chief 
vice it is not the only one, and it is 
in Bible passages, as in real life, seen 
as the chief of an evil clan, including 
impurity, gambling and Sabbath- 
breaking, and therefore, it seems to 
us, the whole group should be at- 
tacked as in the W. C. T. U. plan, 
rather than singling out one of the 
tribe for attack on the one-idea plan 
that was formerly common and is not 
yet wholly given up. 

Let us walk honestly as in the day, 
not in rioting and drunkenness. 
. . . But put ye on the Lord 
Jesus Christ. — These are the words 
that flashed as a red light, swung 
by God's own hand, before Augus- 
tine, when, as a young man, he was 
trampling on the prayers of his 
Christian mother in a life of dissipa- 
tion. Aroused to a sense of his sin 
against God and his mother when his 
eyes fell upon these words, he put off 
the filthy rags of his old life and put 
on Christ. 

Two Americans sat in a gambling 
den in Hong-Kong, China, several 
years ago. The younger man, while 
waiting for the other to shuffle the 



cards, carelessly sang a verse of 
Phebe Carey's hymn, "One Sweetly 
Solemn Thought." His companion 
gazed at him with surprise, and ex- 
claimed : "Where did you learn that?" 
The young man replied: "In a Sun- 
day-school in America." Then old 




memories rushed like a flood tide to 
the old man, who, with tear-dimmed 
eyes, repeated the whole poem. 
Dashing the cards on the floor, he 
said: "Come, Harry; here's what 
I've won from you ; go and use it for 
a good purpose. As for me, as God 
sees me, I have played my last game, 
and drunk my last bottle. I have 
misled you, Harry, and am sorry. 
Give me your hand, my boy, and say, 
for old America's sake, if for no other, 
you will quit this business." The 
two men returned to America, and 
led new lives. 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



COMPARATIVE ARRESTS FOR DRUNKENNESS 



The Same Massachusetts Cities Under License and flo-License 



BonrtrmM ' ,898 » License 
BROCKTON^ , 899> No . Liccnse 

WALTHAM { \l*>> 5*5* 



TAUNTON 

CHELSEA 

NEWBURY- 
PORT 

LOWELL 
SALEM 

WOBURN 

FITCH- 
BURG 



No-License 
I 1900, No-License 
I 1901, License 
I 1 90 1, No-License 
\ 1902, License 
) 1901, License 
\ 1902, No-License 
J 1902, Licenser 
) J 903, No-License 
J 1903, License 
J 1904, No-License 
J 1903, License 
( 1904, No-License 
( 1905, License 
\ 1906, No-License 



J 627 
455 
634 
179 
482 

1202 
398 

1246 
673 
150 

4077 

2304 

1432 
503 
842 
204 

1J60 
359 



With License the arrests for drunkenness in the same cities are from 2 to nearly 5 times as ereat as with No-License. 



104 World Book of Temperance. 

( TRANSLATION, j 

VERDICT OF SCHOLARS UPON ALCOHOL. 



M. BERTHELOT, Member of the Academies of Science and of Medicine, — 

"ALCOHOL IS NOT A FOOD even though it may be fuel . . . Atwater himself did not 
conclude from his experiments that alcohol is a true food, that 'is, that it is capable of assimila- 
tion by the human organism." 

Dr. CHARLES RICHET of the Academy of Medicine, — 

"IF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS COULD BE ENTIRELY ABOLISHED, possibly a small portion 
of nourishment would be lost, but one would have rendered an immense service to humanity." 

M. METGHNIKOFF, Chief Attendant at the Pasteur Institute, — 

"As for myself I am convinced that ALCOHOL IS A POISON." 

Dr. LANCEREAUX of the Academy of Medicine, — 

"ALCOHOL IS DANGEROUS, not only on account of the symptoms it induces in the nervous 
system, but especially on account of the malnutrition which it induces in the organism of one 
who indulges in excess." 

Dr. HERICOURT, Director of the Scientific Review, — 

"ALCOHOL, even in the dose which some wish to class as healthful, can surely be the cause 
of death by diminishing the resistance of the organism to infectious diseases." 



The effort to reinstate alcohol which has recently been attempted rested only upon 
the laboratory experiments of the American Atwater. Yet Atwater says, — ■ 

The moderate use of alcohol is filled with danger. Alcohol would not be called a 
food in the proper sense of the word. The net result of its use is an injury and not 
a benefit. TEMPERANCE RECORD, Nov. 22, 1900. — "Professor Atwater's Conclusions." 



{ M. ROVX of the Academy of Medicine, Assistant Director of the Pasteur Institute, — 
"The STRUGGLE AGAINST ALCOHOLISM must be continued." 

Dr. MAGNAN of the Academy of Medicine, Chief Physician of St. Anne Insane Asylum, — 

"In my opinion, ALCOHOL would not be, IN ANY CASE A FOOD TO BE RECOMMENDED. 
It pushes into our asylums of the Seine almost one half of the inmates." 

Dr. WEISS, Government Civil Engineer of Bridges and Roads, Fellow of the Faculty of Medicine, — 
"THE TRUTH IS THIS : — There is not a well proved fact to show that it would be usefui 
to include alcohol in the diet ; many people, often without suspecting it, SUFFER FOR HAVING 
USED IT ; I do not know one who has regretted being deprived of it." 

Dr. LEGRAIN, Chief Physician of the Asylums of Ville-Evrard, — 

"It is scientific to proclaim it a perpetual danger, that alcohol — although a chemical food — 
is simply useless, and that it is wise to let it alone." 

Dr. GARNIER, Chief Physician of the Special Almshouse Infirmary, — ■ 

"THE FOOD, ALCOHOL, FEEDS CRIME AND MADNESS: the former is indebted to this 
.substance for about 70 per cent, of its victims; the latter for 33 per cent. Alcohol food! 
Granting that this term might be chemically correct, it WILL NEVER BE SOCIALLY TRUE. 
The individual who drinks passes to the toxic dose in an insidious manner especially if he is 
DELUDED BY THE MIRAGE THAT ALCOHOL IS A FOOD ! 

CITIZENS ! They tell you : "Our alcohol is food." We appeal to YOUR GOOD SENSE, 
the evidence is in your hands." 

Judge 1he guilty thing! Condemn it! Proscribe it! Suppress it! 



DOWN WITH ALCOHOL! 



[This is facsimile, except that French is translated into English, of a poster put up all 
over France, which we hope will be widely duplicated all over the world.] 



Why Abstain? 



Rom. 14: 10, 21. 



14 I know, and am persuaded in the 
Lord Jesus, that nothing is unclean of it- 
self: save that to him who accounteth any- 
thing to be unclean, to him it is unclean. 
15 For if because of meat thy brother is 
grieved, thou walkest no longer in love. 
Destroy not with thy meat him for whom 
Christ died. 16 Let not then your good be 
evil spoken of: 17 for the kingdom of 
God is not eating and drinking, but right- 
eousness and peace and joy in the Holy 



Spirit. 18 For he that herein serveth 
Christ is well-pleasing to God, and ap- 
proved of men. 19 So then let us follow 
after things which make for peace, and 
things whereby we may edify one another. 
20 Overthrow not for meats' sake the work 
of God. All things indeed are clean ; how- 
beit it is evil for that man who eateth 
with offence. 21 It is good not to eat 
flesh, nor to drink wine, nor to do anything 
whereby thy brother stumbleth. 



Golden Text: Abstain from every form of evil. — "1 Th'ess. 5: 22. 



In this lesson we will consider not 
the fragment of Paul's teaching as to 
abstinence, but summarize his whole 
message on this great question. 

1. Paul teaches temperance, that is, 
moderation, in good things (Philip 4: 
5), but total abstinence "from every 
form of evil" (1 Thess. 5: 22). We 
must therefore abstain not only from 
drinking but also from licensing in- 
toxicating beverages (2 Cor. 6: 7). 
"Touch not the unclean thing." Paul 
bids us "lay aside" not only what we 
know to be "sin," but everything that 
would be even a "weight" to hinder 
our progress in character or achieve- 
ment (Heb. 12: 1, 2). 

What two evils are most closely 
allied to intoxicating beverages? Im- 
purity and gambling. We do not 
speak of "moderation" in these evils. 
No more should we of "temperate" 
use of poisonous, intoxicating bever- 
ages, that promote impurity, and are 
closely allied to gambling dens. The 
divine commandment, "Abstain from 
every form of evil," certainly requires 
total abstinence from impurity and 
gambling. Does not that divine com- 
mand equally require us to have no 
part in either the drink habit or the 
drink traffic? He who sells intoxi- 
cants can do so only by permission of 



the official who grants his license; 
and the official can act only by author- 
ity of the voters. As the king in old 
countries holds the title to all lands 




• ■;/. ' 

*EAL BLACK HAND. 



WW 



Permission Patriotic Post Card Co., Saginaw, 
Mich. 
(Words on hand are our own.) 
1S0 long as in this land the Saloon Is "legal- 
ized" every hand that keeps the license there 
is stained hy the Wood of all those who are 
victims of its iniquity. — Bishop Luther 7?. Wilson, 



io6 



World Book of Temperance. 



as universal landlord and exacts a 
rental that comes to be called tribute, 
so "the Sovereign People" is the uni- 
versal landlord in a republic, and his 
tribute is a tax. We are all there- 
fore landlords and partners of the 
liquor dealers whenever we license or 
tax, instead of prohibiting this social 
curse. To abstain from this evil 
surely implies keeping not alone our 
lips, but also our hands clean of its 
stain. Will any one deny that the 
drink system as it exists to-day is a 
"form of evil?" Whatever one might 
say about a single glass, is not the 
liquor traffic as a whole, which was 
truly characterized by Gladstone as 
more harmful than war, pestilence or 
famine, a "form of evil?" We can- 
not then escape the application to it 
of Neal Dow's unanswerable syllo- 
gism : "No man has a right to do 
anything which, if the whole world 
followed his example, as some are 
sure to do, would produce more harm 
than good." 

The churches generally treat the 
sale of intoxicating beverages as a 
"sin" by debarring liquor sellers from 
church membership. Are the men 
whose patronage keeps up the saloon 
free from its guilt? Or those 
through whom it is licensed? If you 
deny that drinking, or voting for those 
who will license the sale of intoxi- 
cants is a "sin," will you deny that 
participation in the drink system is a 
"weight" that will hinder your prog- 
ress in character and usefulness, and 
which therefore we are commanded 
to "lay aside"? We may not inno- 
cently even put a stumbling block by 
our habits in the path of others who 
race at our side (i Cor. 8: 13). 

Reasons for Total Abstinence and 
Prohibition. 

1. Total abstinence is best for the 
body. Paul's words about "weights" 
and "stumbling," both references to 
the famous Greek races, bring us to 



the first reason for total abstinence, 
namely, that is the best plan for the 
body (1 Cor. 9: 24-27). "Every 
man that striveth for the mastery is 
temperate in all things." Appetite 
and passion must both be mastered in 
order to victory. "I keep my body 
under," said Paul. A Sunday-school 
boy got the idea when he quoted the 
passage, "I keep my soul on top." 

For many centuries the Greeks 
celebrated national games at regular 
intervals, the Olympic and Isthmian 
games being the most important. 
The latter, to which Paul especially 
refers, were held on the Isthmus of 
Corinth, in honor of Neptune, and 
occurred every other year. The Olym- 
pic games were celebrated only once 
in four years, and were looked for- 
ward to as the greatest of national 
events, even war being suspended 
throughout Greece during the days 
occupied by the festival. The exer- 
cises on these great occasions con- 
sisted in running, wrestling, boxing, 
throwing quoits and javelins, and 
leaping. In later times foot races in 
heavy armor, races on horseback and 
in four-horse chariots were added. 
The Greek games were very different 
from the Roman gladiatorial shows, 
for no weapons were allowed to be 
used, and only persons of good moral 
character were admitted as contest- 
ants. For many years none but 
Greeks were allowed to participate, 
but after the conquest of Greece by 
Rome, the conquerors were permitted 
to take part in them. Those who won 
at Olympia were more distinguished 
men than kings. They received no 
prize in money — only crowns of olive 
leaves which the judge of the con- 
tests placed on the winners' heads — 
but this was an honor never forgotten 
by their fellow-citizens. Their praises 
were sung by the national poets, and 
statues of them were erected to com- 
memorate their names during coming 
ages. The contestants spent ten 



Why Abstain/ > ( J/ 

months in preparing for those Liquor dealers, iii their desperate 
great contests, undergoing a sys- effort to stay the "reform wave," 
tem of hard and tedious training, are publishing alleged statistics of 
and abstaining from every kind of medical societies that assume to 
food or drink or pleasure which show that total abstainers die faster 
would weaken their bodies, very than hard drinkers, while moderate 
much as boat crews are trained drinkers live longest of all. There are 
now. They were allowed only several of these fakes that are going 
the plainest food, and in ouan- the rounds. The conclusive answer 
tities only sufficient to sustain can always be found in the nearest 
strength without making super- insurance office. The actuary's sta- 
fluous flesh. The purpose was to tistics are not sentimental, but made 
have the body weigh as little as pos- with reference to profit and loss. In 
sible, and yet have the muscles full British life insurance companies of 
and hard. In order to make their fifty years' experience, the abstainer 
limbs supple, they oiled their bodies gets twenty to thirty per cent, more 
every day. When the time came for in rebates, on the average, than the 
the boxing matches and races they moderate drinker, 
laid aside every weight, wearing 2- Total abstinence is best for the 
scarcely any clothes during the con- m { na r ( x Thess. 5: 1-10). Here we 
test, that they might be free to do a re reminded that the mind is a 
their very best. The foot race was watchman on guard and must be 
from one end of the arena to the so ber to fulfil his trust. The head is 
other, where stood the goal, and the the watch tower of life, and its watch- 
judge beside it with the olive crown. man ,. the brain, must not be drugged. 
After winning the wreath the victor The great fault of alcohol is that it 
was received by his congratulating goes straight to the brain. The first 
friends, and escorted with great pomp e ff ect of alcohol is to flush the brain 
to nis city, where his townsmen had w ith alcoholized blood, and words, 
prepared to receive him with a feast. therefore, come for a while more 
Athletics have always been a power- swiftly ; for which reason some have 
ful argument for abstinence, and the thought to find inspiration for poetry 
wonder is that so many young men anc i eloquence in wine. But the lead- 
ambitious for physical excellence i ng writers of to-day, responding to 
have disregarded it. a circular letter of inquirv, declared 
In the last half century the physical they had learned better than to ex- 
argument for abstinence has been pec t inspiration from such a source, 
mightily re-enforced by the facts of Instead of making men brilliant, alco- 
hfe insurance. Here is a table by hoi makes them talk like fools. The 
President Greene, of the Connecti- secondary effect of alcohol in the brain 
cut Mutual Life Insurance Company, j s to thicken the gray matter as it does 
of Hartford, Conn. : similar matter in an egg. Shakespeare 
A Group of Total Abstainers as exclaims : 

Against Moderate Drinkers, "O that men should put an enemy in their 

Expectancy of Life in Years. t . m0Lltns . . 

Moderate Lives To ?teal awa ? their brains ! 
Age Abstainers drinkers shortened A young man of fine family, with 

20 -4-2 155 28.6 splendid gifts, was going down fast 

40 '.'.....'.'. .'28.8 11.6 if 2 through strong drink. 'His friends 

50 ........ .21.2 lo!s in 1 ,Kl( l pleaded with him, bul he had 

<*> i5-3 8.g 6.4 taken their warnings as an insnh. 



io8 



World Book of Temperance. 



One evening one of them, who was a 
court stenographer, was sitting in a 
restaurant, when the young man in 
question came in with a companion, 
took the table next to him, sitting 
down with his back to him. He was 
just drunk enough to be talkative 
about his private affairs, and on the 
impulse of the moment the stenog- 
rapher pulled out his note-book and 
took a full shorthand report of every 
word he said. It included a number 
of highly candid details of his daily 
life — things of which when he was 
sober he would no more have spoken 
to a casual acquaintance than he 
would have put his hand in the fire. 
The next morning the stenographer 
copied the whole thing neatly, and 
sent it around to the office of his 
tippling friend. In less than ten min- 
utes the latter came tearing in, ex- 
claiming, "What is this, anyhow?" 
"It's a stenographic report of your 
talk at the restaurant last evening." 
He turned pale and walked out. He 
never drank again. 

Inebriation Not Inspiration. 

It was probably the false idea of 
mental inspiration by drink that Paul 
sought to correct in Eph. 3 : 18, "Be 
not drunk with wine, wherein is ex- 
cess, but be filled with the Spirit." 
Spinoza was called a "God-intoxi- 
cated man." The apostles-were such 
men in a deeper sense on the day of 
Pentecost, when they were thought to 
be "full of new wine." It was not 
spirituous but spiritual stimulation, 
that has no mad reaction. 

In the "Saturday Evening Post" of 
April 18, 1908, in a popular article 
on the art of mastering wild animals, 
by Mr. A. E. McFarline, the follow- 
ing paragraph occurs : 

The Cage No Place for a Clouded 
Brain. 

When a keeper is killed in what 
the public is led to believe is a sud- 



den outbreak of elephant viciousness, 
there is frequently an explanation 
known to all showmen which does 
not^ get into the newspapers. In cir- 
cus slang, the keeper has been "wear- 
ing his arm out" — that is, drinking. 
He goes in to his animals, they recog- 
nize him by sight, but in every other 
way he appears to be someone else! 
They are frightened in a minute, and 
it ends with their getting beside them- 
selves. Two years ago a famous 
German trainer was killed in Bres- 
lau. He had been giving a cham- 
pagne supper to some friends, and 
after it was over he insisted on tak- 
ing them out and showing them "how 
his elephants loved him." It was not 
long before he had them in a veritable 
panic, starting, trembling, and plun- 
ging to get away. And when at last 
he made one of them take him up on 
its trunk, like a man battened upon 
by the superhuman, it turned and 
threshed the life out of him from 
pure terror. In those rare cases where 
an elephant kills a drunken keeper 
craftily and with no appearance of 
fear, the other keepers will still as- 
sert that the animal knew at least that 
in some way the man had ceased to 
be its master." 

There is "no place for a clouded 
brain" in a cage or out of it, for 
all through life we must fight with 
beasts in ourselves, if nowhere else. 
And in this age of swift automobiles 
and rapid trolleys a man needs all 
his wits, even for physical safety, and 
yet more does he need a clear brain 
to escape the beastly temptations that 
ever lurk about his path, and which 
spring upon him whenever by drink 
he loses self-mastery. 

What of Tobacco? 

The Vice-President and Manager of 
the Grand Trunk Railway a few 
years ago said to the writer: "We 
have gotten rid of the drinkers; the 



IV hy Abstain? 



ioy 



smokers must go next." His reason 
was the effect of both alcohol and 
tobacco upon "nerve," which is so 
essential to the railway man in emer- 
gencies. Burbank, "the plant wizard," 
also finds that tobacco, as well as al- 
cohol, spoils the nerves for the finer 
work of cross breeding of flowers. 
What does any young man need of 
any stimulant? Why should a strong 
boy even take such a crutch as coffee ? 
All these are objectionable from the 
point of view of Sir Isaac Newton's 
motto, which should be adopted by 
every youth: "I make myself no ne- 
cessities." 

We must guard the smaller as well 
as the larger entrances of the drink 
habit. Let no one say tobacco is as 
bad as alcohol, for while both harm 
the user, alcohol is far more likely to 
harm the neighbor also. But tobacco 
is soaked in rum — anyone can see and 
smell the process in the factories — and 
tobacco promotes both passion and 
appetite. So does alcohol in foods. 
Dr. Henry Clay Trumbull, a careful, 
conservative writer, told this story 
in the "Sunday-school Times" of Au- 
gust 19, 1876 : " Tor my part,' said 
a prominent Christian man of our 
acquaintance some years ago — 'for 
my part, I hope that mince pies will 
never join the temperance society.' 
That was a bright and playful speech, 
and many laughed at it then. The 
speaker was a pledged abstainer; but 
he eould not forego the use of wine 
and brandy in the kitchen. His chil- 
dren learned there to love these liquors. 
N The days rolled by, and that father 
lived long enough to be summoned 
by a cry of murder into the house of 
one of his sons, where he grappled 
with him in a struggle to disarm him 
of a butcher's knife with which he, in 
a fit of drunken fury, was attempting 
to kill his own wife. Possibly in that 
hour the father would have been will- 
ing to permit mince pies to join the 



temperance society if only he could 
have back again the early sobriety 
and purity of his ruined son." 

Danger Signals. 

It has been difficult to regard white 
mice seriously. One hears of their 
performing tricks, but that is not a 
sufficient excuse for their being. Some 
sing sweetly, but they are rare, and 
almost anyone would prefer a bird. 
But with modern inventions comes 
a profession for white mice so im- 
portant that it commands government 
pay — a shilling a week — in the Eng- 
lish Navy. Every submarine vessel 
carries a cage of white mice. At the 
least leakage of gasoline the little 
creatures feel uncomfortable, and be- 
gin to squeal. This serves as a warn- 
ing, which is quickly heeded. 

Many young men seem to have less 




gray matter in their brains than these 
white mice — at least they do not make 
so good a use of it. The very first 
drop of gasoline is seen by these little 
sentinels to be a cause for alarm. 
And fearless fighters do not belittle 
the danger but heed the warning, and 
take instant steps to stop the danger- 
ous leak. How sad the contrast af- 
forded by young men who do not even 
take alarm at their first intoxication, 
but cry in foolhardiness, "I am not 
afraid !" and go straight on to ship- 
wreck. Go to the white mice, O tip- 
pler; consider her ways and be wise! 
Hon. T. V. Powderly (in "Now 
Voice," March 8, 1804) says of Paul's 
advice to Timothy to take a "little 



no 



World Book of Temperance. 



wine" for his infirmities { i Tim. 5 : 
23) : "Strong men make an excuse 
of these words to-day when they are 
asked to give a reason for squander- 
ing wealth, happiness and health over 
the wine-cup. Whether the wine of 
that day differed from that now in 
use, whether the men were differently 
constituted, or whether St. Paul in- 
tended that but a "little wine" should 
be used, is not now material, for men 
do not stop at a little in these days. 
We live among rapidly revolving 
wheels, in electric currents, and in the 
rush of steam. We read so much in 
the morning paper of the doings of 
the Russians, the Chinese, Australi- 
ans and the natives of Hawaii that we 
feel as though we must drink some- 
thing to wash it all down. There is 
more excitement in one twentieth 
century day than St. Paul knew in a 
decade, and as a consequence the 
craving for stimulants to keep up the 
march of progress is greater than 
ever, and more dangerous because so 
great and consuming. I reason in 
this way : If a little wine was good in 
St. Paul's day, none at all is better 
now, and from that position I do not 
intend to move, no matter how many 
arguments my good friends may ad- 
vance to the contrary." 

3. 'Abstinence is best for manners 
and morals (Romans 13: 8-14). Ex- 
Senator Carmack, of Tennessee, says 
bravely and truly, "The saloon is an 
institution for developing the beast in 
man." A whole group of illustrations 
from the writers' observations in their 
recent tour in Australia may fitly be 
introduced here to picture the effect 
of alcohol in making men childish, 
brutal, savage and leprous. 

Several illustrated advertisements 
of liquors were noted in Sydney that 
were in the nature of unconscious 
confessions. In one, two drunken 



young men were pictured in the baby 
pouch of a kangaroo, suggesting the 
childishness of thus surrendering rea- 
son to appetite. The kangaroo itself 
represents arrested development. Ex- 
cept in Australia, the marsupials are 
considered an extinct geologic species 
of an outgrown stage of evolution. 
Another advertisement of "Boomer- 
ang Brandy," illustrated by the sav- 
age head of an Australian aboriginal, 
suggests that drink is a savage vice, 
which rouses the brutal element in 
human nature, that the will holds 
down in sober hours. Intoxicants 
are, indeed, boomerangs that may 
wound others, but come back in 
deadly power also on the man who 
handles them. In a Sydney public 
house there are bottles in the win- 
dows that are mounted like cannon, 
which can hardly fail to remind men 
of clear brains that the bottle kills 
more than bullets, and should be more 
feared by us all. No invasion has 
done America so much harm as the 
beer invasion, which is now the spe- 
cial peril of China and Japan. There 
is also in Australia an advertisement 
of "Revolver Whiskey." Revolvers 
have indeed been the instrument of 
fewer suicides and murders than whis- 
key bottles. Australia also has a 
"Zig Zag Brewery," giving to patrons 
fair warning of the way it will lead 
them. 

At our first Australian landing we 
heard of a leprous Chinaman who 
was being transferred with other 
lepers from a Lazaretto on Friday 
Island to another on Peel Island. 
While the leper was being put on 
board - ship the superintendent in 
charge of him had occasion to turn 
his back to his charge just as they 
were passing through the kitchen, 
whereupon the Chinaman seized a 
knife lying at hand and raised it to 
stab the superintendent. The alert 
cook seized a revolver and instantly 



Why Abstain 



in 



shot the Chinaman through the wrist. 
The knife fell harmless to the floor. 
What is it like? Like the action citi- 
zens should take in swiftly shooting, 
not with bullets, but with ballots the 
leprous hand that holds aloft the 
knife of intemperance or impurity to 
destroy our youth. 

4. Abstinence is best for the soul 
here and hereafter. — I have seldom 
seen anything that so fitly pictures the 
deterioration of the soul and its for- 
feiture of a glorious resurrection as 
a New Zealand story in "Knowledge 
and Scientific News," (London, Feb- 
ruary), by G. A. Laing, who tells of 
caterpillars, hatched from the eggs 
of a butterfly, that lived their hungry 
caterpillar life devouring with their 
fellows the food plant chosen for 
them. When they propped down to 
earth on their way to bury themselves 
for their next change, back to butter- 
flies, they came across a delicious food 
scattered over the ground, and eagerly 
snatched one last feast before they 
passed on their way. The new food 
was fungus spores, and every cater- 
pillar that ate of them crept into his 
burrow with the seed of death within 
it. Slowly, but by sure degrees, the 
poison spread through the whole 
sleeping creature until it becomes 
hard and dry, and full of fungus — no 
longer an animal, but the root of a 
plant; veritable caterpillar of wood. 
The - change takes place so gently that 
the insect shape is quite unaltered. 
The rings of its body, its feet, its 
eyes, are all there perfect as in life, 
but never will it transform into a 
chrysalis, and never now will out it 
emerge a brilliant butterfly. For the 
fungus seed has been nourished on 



the body of its devourer, and out of 
the dead caterpillar's head shoot a 
long, slender stem some eight to ten 
inches high, which by and by is 
crowned with fungus spores which 
ripen and fall ready to repeat once 
more the story with the next unwary 
caterpillar. As fungus spores drag 




beautiful members of the animal king- 
dom down to the vegetable kingdom, 
turning wings to roots, so alcohol and 
opium drag men down into the life 
of brutes, eating out the souls and 
spoiling its promise of a glorious here- 
after, "No drunkard shall inherit the 
Kingdom of God" (1 Cor. 6: 10). 



See Class Pledge, page 12S. 



112 



World Book of Temperance. 



A WORLD-WIDE WAR ON OPIUM NOW ON. 

(Continued f 



The government of China, given a free 
hand by the British government, ordered 
the closing of her opium dens in six 
months. More time has elapsed and the 
work is not yet completed, but the British 
Embassy admits ''substantial progress" has 
been made. Even serious loss of revenue 
has not stayed the reform. Great Britain 
has not brought her Indo-Chinese trade "to 
a speedy close," but has also made substan- 
tial progress. To help on these great anti- 
opium movements, President Roosevelt has 
called, not a "concert of Europe," but the 
first concert of the world. Besides Brit- 
ain, Germany, France, Russia and Portu- 
gal, Turkey, Persia, China, Japan and the 
United States will participate. President 
Roosevelt asks all to agree to forbid their 
subjects to send morphia and other forms 
of opium into China for any but medicinal 
uses. Four of these nations at this writ- 
ing have not consented to. that proposal. 
The people of each of these countries need 
to express to their own government at 
once by resolutions an irresistible demand 
for^ such an agreement in the interest of 
national honor and of humanity. 



page 86.) 

Rev. E. _ W. Thwing, recently of the 
Chinese Mission, Honolulu, has gone to 
China as a District Secretary of the Inter- 
national Reform Bureau, to prepare the 
way by _ lectures and literature for the 
Shanghai Opium Conference, and to pre- 
vent the threatened substitution of beer 
and cigarettes. The Chinese Minister at 
Washington, Mr. Wu Ting fang, has given 
him a most cordial endorsement as one 
who knows China and can help her at this 
crisis. Mr. Thwing will need a vast quan- 
tity of literature on all three evils, and we 
suggest that in every church of the whole 
world where there is any recognition of 
"World's Temperance Sunday'" — let it be- 
come World's Temperance Week, with a 
civic revival all through it — there should 
be a collection for temperance literature, 
either for this campaign to rid the largest 
mission field in the world of its chief ob- 
stacles, the white man's alcohol and opium,* 
or to help some reform society to check- 
mate the literature the liquor dealers are 
circulating so abundantly. 



*Mr. Thwing can be addressed, care Dr. Selden. Insane Asylum, Canton, China, or help for 
his crusade may be sent the Reform Bureau — see title page. 



WINE 



dries the mouth, burns the 
stomach, tires the heart, 
reddens the eyes, diseases 
the blood, maddens the 
brain, makes thirst, is cost- 
ly, is poisonous. 



WATER 



Why does wine dry the mouth? 

Because the alcohol in it absorbs water. 

Why docs water moisten the mouth? 

Because the skin takes it in. 

Why does wine burn the stomach? 

Because the alcohol in it dries up all 
the water it can find in it. 

Why does water cool the stomach? 

Because the stomach in doing its work 
gets warmer than the water. 

Why does wine tire the heart? 

Because the alcohol in it makes the heart 
beat faster. 

Why does water help the heart? 

It cools the blood. 

Why does wine disease the blood? 

Because the alcohol thickens in it. 

Why does water make the blood good? 

It washes it. 

Why does wine redden the eyes? 

It burns them. 

Why does water brighten them? 

It rests them. 



moistens the mouth, cools 
the stomach, helps the 
heart, brightens the eyes, 
makes the blood good, cools 
the brain, quenches thirst, 
is free, is pure. 

Why does wine madden the brain? 

Because the alcohol in the wine burns 
it. 

Why does water cool the brain? 

Because it keeps the blood cool which 
flows to the brain. 

Why does wine make thirst? 

Because the alcohol in it dries every 
part of the body. 

Why does water quench thirst? 

Because it gives what every part of the 
body needs. 

Why is wine costly? 

Because it is difficult to make, and 
because men who sell it want to grow 
rich fast. 

Why is water free? 

Because it is the gift of God. 

Why is wine poisonous? 

Because it is the rotted juice of the 
grape and other poisonous things. 

Why is water pure? 

Because God sends it. 



For The Sake of Others. 



i Cor. 10: 23-33. 



23 All things are lawful ; but all things 
are not expedient. All things are lawful; 
but all things edify not. 24 Let no man 
seek his own, but each his neighbor's good. 

25 Whatsoever is sold in the shambles, eat, 
asking no question for conscience sake; 

26 For the earth is the Lord's, and the ful- 
ness thereof. 27 If one of them that believe 
not biddeth you to a feast, and ye are dis- 
posed to go ; whatsoever is set before you, 
eat, asking no question for conscience sake. 
28 But if any man say unto you, This hath 
been offered in sacrifice, eat not, for his 



sake that shewed it, and for conscience 
sake: 29 Conscience, I say, not thine own, 
but the other's; for why is my liberty 
judged by another conscience? 30 If I by 
grace partake, why am I evil spoken of 
for that for which I give thanks? 31 
Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or 
whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of 
God. 32 Give no occasion of stumbling, 
either to Jews, or to Greeks, or to the 
church of God: 33 Even as I also please 
all men in all things, not seeking mine own 
profit, but the profit of the many, that they 
may be saved. 



Golden Text: Take heed lest by any means this liberty of yours become a stum- 
bling block to them that are weak. — 1 Cor. 8: 9. 



The Greek and the Jew we find 
yoked together in the church at Cor- 
inth. And how did they come to be 
yoke-fellows ? Through the preaching 
of Paul, both had been brought to a 
knowledge of Christ. And what kind 
of yoke-fellows did they make? Did 
they pull together? Not always. 
Could it be expected that they would ? 
The Greek had behind him centuries 
of. idol-worshiping ancestors, the Jew 
centuries of God-fearing ancestors. 
To the Greek all who were not Greeks 
were "barbarians." To the Jew the 
Greeks were "Gentiles," which meant 
about the same. 

How wide apart they were in their 
traditions and customs ! The Jew ate 
meat, but not all kinds of meat, only 
that which was "clean," according to 
the law of Moses, the flesh of such 
animals as chewed the cud and parted 
the hoof. He was also forbidden to 
eat meat offered to idols. We see a 
stril ing example of the result of such 
teacning in the firm refusal of Daniel 
and his three boy companions to eat 



the meat and drink the wine which 
was set before them in the king's 
school, when they were captives in 
Babylon (Daniel 1). On the other 
hand, the Greeks prized above any 
other kind of meat that which had 
been placed before idols, because it 
was regarded as "consecrated," and 
was also of the best quality. To the 
Christian Greeks in Corinth idol meat 
had lost its sacredness, but as they 
counted an idol as "nothing," they saw 
no reason why they should not eat idol 
meat in company with their friends 
who had not yet broken away from 
their idolatries. Such eating, however, 
seemed to their Jewish fellow-Chris- 
tians a great sin, and they had bitter 
words to say about it. The Apostle 
Paul was appealed to as arbitrator. It 
is likely that both Christian Jews and 
Greeks had agreed to abide by his 
decision. Paul was a Jew by birth and 
training. Could he side with the 
Greeks? But he was broad-minded, 
and could consider the Greek point 
of view as well as the Jewish. Tie did 



H4 



World Book of Temperance. 



look at both sides of the question, and 
rendered a decision which has served 
Christians ever since in all the world 
concerning things doubtful, proclaim- 
ing the principle of self-denial for the 
good of others. 

His advice on this subject is in a 
Bible letter we speak of as "First 
Corinthians. " He was careful to tell 
the Greek Christians that all men had 
not risen to their point of view in con- 
sidering an idol as nothing, and that 
to such the eating of meat that had 
been offered to idols could not but be 
confused with continued allegiance to 
idols, and that, therefore, they should 
not have anything to do with this 
meat. To put it into our modern way 
of speaking, Paul showed them that in 
order to be consistent Christians they 
must not have any association what- 
soever with idols or their sacrifices. 
And Paul nobly wrote them that, as 
for himself, if self-indulgence on his 
part, in even an innocent way, would 
become a stumbling block to any 
brother, he would in that forever 
practise self-denial. He, therefore, 
advised the Greeks not to partake 
again of the idol meat. 

Paul's Jewish predilections seem not 
to have entered into the solution of 
the question. The matter was to be 
settled by considering only how the 
greatest good could be accomplished 
in the promotion of the peace of the 
church and in saving those who were 
still out of Christ. Of course Paul 
would not have advised that there 
should be any compromise on a ques- 
tion of right and wrong. The Bible 
rule is, "First, pure, then peaceable." 
As it was only a question of privilege 
to the Greeks, they yielded and pulled 
together amicably with their Jewish 
yoke-fellows, brought into harmony 
by their desire to see the name of the 
Lord Jesus glorified. Paul, in his wis- 
dom, had not said, "The Jews are 



right." He had decided the question 
on higher grounds, and in so doing 
there was no opportunity on the one 
hand for the bitterness of defeat, or 
on the other hand, for the self-gratu- 
lation of conquest. The church was 
really stronger for the difficulty that 
had arisen, having learned something 
of the privilege of giving up rights 
(not right) for the sake of others. 

Inebriation Not Inspiration, 

Why should I abstain from intoxi- 
cating beverages? (Let this lesson 
be kept close to the one question of 
•beverages. The medicinal use of drink 
requires at least a whole lesson ; so 
also the question of what liquor law 
is best.) I. Even though I feel sure 
that alcoholic beverages will do me 
no harm, yet if I see that my example 
might cause some human brother to 
be harmed, or to harm others, I am 
bound to abstain, inasmuch as the cus- 
tom of drinking is, even to those who 
defend it, only a privilege, not a duty. 
In the words of Neal Dow, "No one 
has a right to do that which, if the 
whole world follow his example, as 
some are almost sure to do, will pro- 
duce more harm than good." II. But 
in the twentieth century, when insur- 
ance tables prove that even moderate 
drinking injures health and shortens 
life, I am bound to abstain also for 
my own sake, in fulfilment of the com- 
mand, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor 
as thyself/' which requires a proper 
self-love and self-regard. Suicide is 
wrong, as well as murder. I have no 
more right to poison myself than 
others. No one in Corinth claimed 
that idol meat was per se harmful. 
It» was only to the associations that 
anyone objected. But it is not alone 
the associations of the saloon that are 
bad; the alcohol itself is harmful to 
body, mind and soul. Insurance tables, 
insanitv statistics, criminal records, all 



For the Sake of Others. 



ii5 



prove that. Anyone who drinks is 
liable to get drunk, and so to become 
a drunkard, and one who was never 
drunk may be diseased in every cell 
of his body through daily tippling. 
We need to repeat often that Dr. 
Benjamin Ward Richardson, a Lon- 
don physician, has said that daily 
tippling injures one's health and his 
children more than the monthly pay- 
day debauch. 

1. Moderation, as a substitule for 
abstinence, was sincerely and thor- 
oughly tried by temperance leaders 
and discarded as inadequate. 2. Sub- 
stitution of wine and beer for whiskey 
and other distilled liquors was also 
sincerely tried by temperance societies, 
and found equally unavailing. 3. 
Abstinence was at last tried, and the 
doctors now declare it the way to 
health, and the athletes find it the way 
to strength. 4. Greeley, Peary, Nan- 
sen, Kane, and other arctic explorers, 
proclaim abstinence the best plan for 
extreme cold; and Stanley, in his 
African annals, proves abstinence is 
also safest in the tropics. 5. The fact 
that fifty-one per cent, of the business 
establishments of the United States 
either require abstinence of employees 
or at least give abstainers the prefer- 
ence, shows that abstinence is the best 
plan for business success. 6. Jeffer- 
son declared for abstinence in public 
service, that is, in politics. 7. The 
churches have with nearly unanimous 
voice resolved in favor of abstinence 
as the only consistent attitude for the 
Christian. 

No one claims that any evil con- 
sequences can come from abstaining 
altogether, and when one has never 
allowed himself to form the habit, not 
even self-denial is required; but let 
others who have not acquired the 
dangerous liking for the drink re- 
member the profound saying that 
"self-denial is self-love living for the 
future." Therefore, let us insure our 
future by taking this pledge to-day : 



For my own sake. For the sake of 

others, 
For Christ's sake, and by His help, 
I will totally abstain from all intoxi- 
cating beverages. 
(Signed) 



A Story for Boys, 

"Mister, do you lend money here?" 
asked an earnest young voice at the 
office-door. The lawyer turned away 
from his desk, confronted a clear- 
eyed, poorly-dressed lad of twelve 
years, and studied him keenly for a 
minute. "Sometimes we do — on good 
security," he said, gravely. The little 
fellow explained that he had a chance 
to "buy out a boy that's cryin' papers." 
He had half the money required, but 
he needed to borrow the other fifteen 
cents. "What security can you offer?" 
asked the lawyer. The boy's brown 
hand sought his pocket, and he drew 
out a paper carefully folded in a bit 
of calico. It was a cheaply-printed 
pledge against the use of intoxicating 
liquor and- tobacco. As respectfully 
as if it had been the deed to a farm 
the lawyer examined it, accepted it, 
and handed over the required sum. 
A friend who had watched the trans- 
action with silent amusement laughed 
as the young borrower departed. "You 
think that I know nothing about him," 
smiled the lawyer. "I know that he 
came manfully, in what he supposed 
to be a business way, and tried to ne- 
gotiate a loan, instead of begging the 
money. I know that he has been un- 
der good influences or he would not 
have signed that pledge, and that he 
does not hold it lightly or he would 
not have cared for it so carefully. I 
agree with him that one who keeps 
himself from such things has a char- 
acter to offer as security." The boy 
probably did not know that business 
firms require abstinence, but he knew 
by the clear instincts of boyhood that 
a boy who did not clrin k would be 
more reliable to do a job or pay a 



u6 



World Book of Temperance. 



debt, and he supposed others would 
see that also. 

A Story for Girls. 

"I think a Christian can go any- 
where," said a young woman, who 
was defending her continued attend- 
ance at some very doubtful places of 
amusement. "Certainly, she can," re- 
joined her friend, "but I am reminded 
of a little incident that happened last 
summer, when I went with^ a party 
of friends to explore a coal mine. One 
of the young women appeared dressed 
in a dainty white gown. When her 
friends remonstrated with her she 
appealed to the old miner who was 
to act as guide of the party. _ 'Can't 
I wear a white dress down into the 
mine?' she asked, petulantly. 'Yes'm.' 
returned the old man. 'There's nothin' 
to keep you from wearin' a white 
frock down there, but there'll be 
considerable to keep you from wearin' 
one back.' " There is nothing to pre- 
vent the Christian wearing his white 
garments when he seeks the fellow- 
ship of that which is unclean, but 
there is a good deal to prevent him 
from wearing white garments after- 
ward. No woman who would keep 
a spotless reputation can afford to 
drink anywhere, for drink dethrones 
modesty and strengthens passion. 

Two Stories for Fathers. 

Many a father abstains for the sake 
of his child. Here are two stories that 
will help to increase the number: 

Two grave, quiet-looking men stood 
on the steps of a big house in Wash- 
ington some years ago. They were 
watching four bright children get into 
a cart and drive down the street, 
throwing back kisses and "good-byes" 
to papa and papa's friend, the gen- 



eral. The father was General Phil 
Sheridan. The other general, an old 
friend, said : "Phil, how do you man- 
age your little army of four?" "I 
don't manage; they are mischievous 
soldiers, but what good comrades! 
All the good there is in me they bring 
out. Their little mother is a won- 
derful woman, and worth a regiment 
of officers. I often think what pit- 
falls are in waiting for my small, 
brave soldiers all through life. I 
wish I could always help them over." 
"Phil, if you could choose for your 
little son from all the temptations 
which will beset him the one most 
to be feared, what would it be?" 
General Sheridan leaned his head 
against the doorway and said, soberly : 
"It would be the curse of strong 
drink." 

Senator Henry J. Coggleshall is a 
poet. He says, however, that he has 
only written one poem. "To tell you 
the truth," said the Senator one day 
at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, "that poem 
you have heard about was really in- 
spired. One of my senatorial col- 
leagues gave a dinner, and I was one 
of the guests." "Were you fined a 
poem for drinking seltzer?" asked the 
reporter. "No," replied Senator Cog- 
gleshall. "I refused to drink anything 
intoxicating, and my colleagues began 
to jibe me. I thought of a promise 
I had made to my little daughter, her 
last words to me when I left home 
for Albany being: Tapa, be true to 
me.' I gave the poem that title." It 
is as follows: 

What makes me refuse a social glass? 

Well, I'll tell you the reason why; 
Because a bonnie, blue-eyed lass is ever 

standing by. 
And I hear her, boys, above the noise of 

the jest and the merry glee, 
As with baby grace she kisses my face and 

says, "Papa, be true to me." 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



True and False Liberty/ 

Galatians 5: 15-26; 6: 7, 8. 



15 But if ye bite and devour one another, 
take heed that ye be not consumed one of 
another. 16 This I say then, Walk in the 
Spirit, and ye shall -not fulfill the lust of 
the flesh. 17 For the flesh lusteth against 
the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh : 
and these are contrary the one to ■ the 
other; so that ye cannot do the things 
that ye would.. 18 But if ye be led of the 
Spirit, ye are not under the law. 19 Now 
the works of the flesh are manifest, which 
are these, Adultery, fornication, unclean- 
ness, lasciviousness, 20 Idolatry, witch- 
craft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, 
strife, seditions, heresies, 21 Envyings, 
murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such 
like: of the which I tell you before, as I 
have also told you in time past, that they 



which do such things shall not inherit the 
kingdom of God. 22 But the fruit of the 
Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, 
gentleness, goodness, faith, 23 Meekness, 
temperance; against such there is no law. 

24 And they that are Christ's have cru- 
cified the flesh with the affections and lusts. 

25 If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk 
in the Spirit. 26 Let us not be desirous 
of vainglory, provoking one another, envy- 
ing one another, 



7 Be not deceived; God is not mocked: 
for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall 
he also reap. 8 For he that soweth to his 
flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; 
but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of 
the Spirit reap life everlasting. 



Golden Text: Be not deceived: God is not mocked; for whatsoever a man sozv- 
eth, that shall he also reap. — Gal. 6: 7. 



The Epistle to the Galatians is a 
divine exposition of true liberty, in 
contrast to its counterfeits, license and 
anarchy. Because Paul taught that 
love to God frees from bondage to 
the Law of God by making us dis- 
posed to do freely by innermost pref- 
erence what God requires, instead of 
doing it under the slavish lash of 
fear, many who had not received this 
willing spirit of obedience jumped to 
the conclusion that one might do not 
only what a spiritual heart prompted, 
but also whatever a selfish heart de- 
sired. Paul's words, "free from the 
law," are hardly less understood to- 
day, and "liberty" is still the watch- 
word of slaves to evil passions. Sena- 
tor H. W. Blair, who was for many 
years the champion of moral measures 
in Congress, and daily encountered 
the opposition not only of bad men, 
but also of some good men, who did 
not see that there is no liberty to do 
wrong, said : "The whole question of 
liberty needs to be expounded anew." 
And we may add, that the most effect- 



ive way to root out the false ideas of 
liberty that prevail is to begin with the 
children. 

Liberty Not License. 

"For ye, brethren, were called for 
freedom; only use not your freedom 
for an. occasion to the flesh, but 
through love be servants of one 
another." Freedom is not freedom 
to indulge in selfish and sensual sin, 
but freedom to serve God and man 
by the spontaneous impulse of love, 
"for the whole law is fulfilled in one 
word, even in this, Thou shalt love thy 
neighbor as thyself" If we do not 
love God and our neighbor it will be 
enforced slavery to serve, them; but 
if we love God as a father and all 
men as brothers, we shall freely 
choose to serve them, as children 
rejoice to serve whomsoever they love. 

"Walk by the Spirit, and ye shall 
not fulfill the lusts of the flesh." In 
the sixteenth century Europe was 
aglow, as with northern lights, with 
the cry of "religious liberty. " There 



•See cartoon on title page. 



n8 



World Book of Temperance. 



was nothing selfish in that cry. It 
meant to many who uttered it, liberty 
to die that their children might have 
liberty to pray. In the course of two 
centuries that light in the upper sky 
had worked down into the lower sky, 
and Europe rang with the cry of 
"civil liberty." There was nothing 
selfish in that cry. It meant to many 
who uttered it liberty to die that their 
sons might be free from despots. 
Alas! that "liberty," this word of 
heavenly glory, should now be often- 
est heard in that synonym of personal 
selfishness and personal deviltry, "per- 
sonal liberty." There is everything 
selfish in that cry. It means liberty to 
destroy oneself and the peace of 
society. 

No Personal Liberty to Do Wrong. 

There can be in civilized society no 
such liberty as prodigals and politi- 
cians mean when they cry, "Personal 
liberty!" Even in the wilderness, far 
from civilized society, the solitary can- 
not indulge in impurity with impunity. 
Even there his "personal liberty" is 
encircled by law, the laws of nature, 
which he can nowhere escape. Even 
there, "Whatsoever a man soweth that 
shall he also reap. He that soweth to 
the flesh shall of the flesh reap cor- 
ruption." Even there in the wilder- 
ness, "he who sows an act shall reap 
a tendency; and he who sows a ten- 
dency shall reap a habit; and he who 
sows a habit shall reap a character; 
and he who sows a character shall 
reap a destiny." Nowhere in all God's 
world of law can there be "personal 
liberty" to do wrong with impunity. 
The only real liberty that can exist 
under the reign of law is the abundant 
liberty to choose among the various 
ways of doing right. 

But so far as civil law is concerned, 
the solitary man, living far from any 
neighbors, is at liberty to keep a stench 
at his cabin door, because he is not 



interfering with any neighbor's liberty 
to enjoy sweet odors. The story is 
so pertinent here, that it is worth 
repeating, even where it is familiar, 
of the foreigner of the baser sort, com- 
ing out of a saloon where he had 
imbibed more "liberty" than he could 
manage, who swung his arms about 
on the crowded sidewalk and struck 
the nose of an American passing by, 
who straightway knocked him down. 
He rose to his feet indignant, shout- 
ing, "I thought this was a land of 
personal liberty." "So it is," replied 
the American, "but your personal lib- 
erty ends where my nose begins" — 
a remark which, like a flashlight, 
exposes the absurdity of the popular 
idea of "personal liberty." My per- 
sonal liberty is bounded by my neigh- 
bor's nose, as I shall find if I attempt 
to put up a fertilizing factory near a 
residence neighborhood. But this sol- 
itary man we are studying has "per- 
sonal liberty" to make night hideous 
with drunken rage and revelry, for, 
having no neighbors, he is not infring- 
ing the liberty of anyone else to rest 
in peace. 

But when that solitary man con- 
cludes that he prefers a more limited 
liberty in civilized society, with its pro- 
tection and fellowship, just as a man 
exchanges a quarter section in the wil- 
derness for a corner lot in the city, 
he exchanges his boundless liberty of 
solitude for the smaller but more 
desirable liberty of civilized society. 
What is liberty in civilized society? 
It is the ample space within a great 
circle, that is bounded on all sides by 
law, which protects the rights and lib- 
erties of others. But that law does not 
reaily infringe the liberty of anyone 
who has no wish to break it, just as 
your neighbor's fence is no restraint 
of your liberty if you do not wish to 
break into your neighbor's yard. How 
strange that one on entering a new 
town or country does not find it 



True 



False Liberty. 



119 



necessary to drive swiftly to some offi- 
cial and spend days in reading up the 
numerous laws ! The man who has in 
himself that equity, or "fair play," 
which makes laws, and interprets 
them, is by that same centripetal force 
of equity held within his orbit, and 
obeys the laws he never saw as he 
moves swiftly from place to place. 
The man who has no will to do ill 
is free in that only true freedom that 
comes from within. You can do what 
you like, when you like to do what 
is just. 

Per Aspera ad Astra* 

"But if ye are led by the Spirit ye 
are not under the law." A helpful 
illustration of what this means is 
afforded by the balloon ascension at 
the original Chautauqua the first year. 
The climax of the night of illumina- 
tion was to be a toy balloon of un- 
usual size, in whose successful ascent 
the great crowd took a supreme inter- 
est. Those in charge waited for some 
minutes for the wind to lull, lest it 
should be blown into the trees in ris- 
ing. When the wind seemed to have 
ceased it was at last let go, and rose 
steadily until it had almost cleared the 
woods, when a slight breeze threw it 
into the topmost branches of the tallest 
tree, that seemed to be stretching out 
its arms as a sentinel of earth to catch 
the escaping prisoner. Then came a 
battle, which thousands watched with 
anxiety as if some great matter were 
involved. It was like the ancient bat- 
tles of light and darkness, of the flesh 
and spirit. The baloon,- impelled by 
the hot air within it, struggled to rise, 
while the tree seemed to be struggling 
to hold it down to earth. But at length, 
to our great relief, the balloon pulled 
free and rose into the freedom of the 
upper air, sailing on and up until it 
shone like a star in the far-off sky. 
Picture, I thought then, as often since, 
of the greatest experience that can 



come into a human life, when by the 
indwelling Spirit of God, that we have 
admitted to our hearts, we seek to rise 
from the earthly, sensual, devilish, 
often to be caught by some gust of 
temptation and thrown into the en- 
tangling branches of appetite, lust and 
greed. But if we hold fast to the 
Spirit, we shall pull free at last, and 
pursue our heavenward way onward 
and upward, not by any outward con- 
straint, whether of force or fear, but 
of the innermost preference of a 
transformed nature. Such a battle in 
the soul Paul describes in Romans 7 
and 8. The flesh represents our entire 
human nature unregenerate. While 
the struggle is on, human nature 
wishes to do the thing conscience for- 
bids. Conscience alone is not strong 
enough to win, and presently the flesh 
is on top. Then conscience cries to 
Christ for reinforcement : "Who shall 
deliver me?" Christ reinforces con- 
science and then the Spirit is on top, 
and body and mind are under its con- 
trol, as in the Y. M. C. A. triangle, 
and the soul passes through the tri- 
umphal arch of "the blessed eighth," 
exclaiming, "The lazv of the Spirit of 
life hath made me free I" It is not 
any external circumstance but only 
"life" and "Spirit" that can really 
make us free. 

The Keys Not for Peter Only. 

This, too, is the meaning of the 
power of the keys, as we need to say 
again and again, until Christians gen- 
erally, to all of whom it was given, 
and not to Peter alone, shall claim it. 
Jesus said at one time to Peter, at 
another to all the apostles for us all, 
in substance : "I will give you in a 
life of free and loving loyalty to God 
such a similarity of feeling with Him, 
that you will forbid yourselves on 
earth what He forbids from Heaven, 
and permit yourselves on earth only 
what He permits from Heaven." 



120 



World Book of Temperance. 



Thus do our hearts loose on earth 
what is loosed in Heaven, and bind 
on earth what is bound in Heaven. 
Thus are we free from the law be- 
cause we obey it freely, having in us 
to inspire desire and action that same 
Spirit that inspired the law itself. 
Those two great utterances of Christ 
and Paul, "Thou shall love God and 
man; on these two loves hangs all 
law;" cc For the law of the Spirit of 
life in Christ Jesus hath made me 
free;" together present to us a tree, 
whose root is love, whose trunk is law, 
whose sap is life, whose topmost fruit 
is liberty. 

Legalized Mischief. 

Inasmuch as government's chief 
function is to protect property and 
life and character, manifestly it should 
prohibit a traffic which at best is 
unnecessary, and which in its total 
effect greatly increases the crimes 
which government is bound to pre- 
vent, as well as punish. No law 
absolutely annihilates an evil, but, in 
the words of Gladstone, "Law makes 
it harder to do wrong and easier to do 
right." Prohibition in its various 
forms does that. The legalized saloon, 
on the other hand, makes Iti as easy 
as possible to do wrong, and as hard 
as possible to do right. 

Break the Chain ♦ 

Passing through an opium- joint in 
one of our American cities a gentle- 
man said to a Chinaman who lay on 
a bench smoking the deadly drug, 
"John, do you like it?" To which 
John replied, "I got to like it; I been 
smoke forty years." So it is with all 



sinful practices. The time must surely 
come when the victim has "got" to 
practise whether he will or not. 

Four young men were riding in a 
Pullman car, chatting merrily .to- 
gether. At last one of them said, 
"Boys, I think it's time for drinks." 
Two of them consented; the other 
shook his head and said, "No, I thank 
you." "What!" exclaimed his com- 
panion, "have you become pious ? Are 
you going to preach? Do you think 
you will become a missionary?" 
"No, fellows," he replied, "I am not 
specially pious, and I may not become 
a missionary; but I have determined 
not to drink another drop, and I will 
tell you why : I had some business in 
Chicago with an old pawnbroker, and 
as I stood before his counter talking 
about it, there came in a young man 
about my age, and threw down upon 
the counter a little bundle. When the 
pawnbroker opened it he found it was 
a pair of baby shoes, with the button- 
holes a trifle worn. The old pawn- 
broker seemed to have some heart left 
in him, and he said, 'Look here, you 
ought not to sell your baby's shoes for 
drink.' 'Never mind, Cohen; baby is 
at home dead, and does not need the 
shoes. Give me ten cents for a drink.' 
Now, fellows, I have a wife and baby 
at home myself, and when I saw what 
liquor could do in degrading that hus- 
band and father, I made up my mind 
that, God helping me, not a drop of 
that demoralizing stuff would pass my 
lips again." 

Poison and death the cup contains, 
Dash to the earth the tempting bowl; 

Stronger than bars and iron chains 
This power that captive leads the soul. 



See Class Pledge, page 128. 



TEMPERANCE AND REFORM PERIODICALS OF THE WORLD.* 



W. C. T. U. Papers (U. S.) 

Union Signal, Evanston, 111. 

(National Official organ of the W. C. T. U.) 
Crusader Monthly, Evanston, 111. 
Alabama White Ribbon, Bridgeport, Ala. 
Arizona W. C. T. XL, Phoenix, Ariz. 
Champion, The, Tulsa, Ind. Ter. 
Granite State Outlook, Franklin. N. H. 
Georgia Monthly Bulletin, Griffin, Ga. 
Illinois Watch Tower, The Temple, Chicago. 
Kentucky White Ribbon, Lexington, Ky. 
Message, The, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Michigan Union, Bay City, Mich. 
Minnesota White Ribbon, Montevideo, Minn. 
Mississippi White Ribbon, Jackson, Miss. 
Missouri Counselor, Madison, Mo. 
Motor^ The, Madison, Wis. 

North Carolina'White Ribbon, Greensboro, N. C. 
Our Messenger, Downs, Kans. 
Our Message. Boston. Mass. 
Ohio W. C. T. U. Messenger, Columbus, O. 
Oklahoma Messenger, Oklahoma City, Okla. 
Outlook, The Woonsocket, R. I. 
Open Door, The. R. P. D., Knoxville, Tenn. 
Southern California, White Ribbon, Los Angeles, 

Cal. 
Star in East, Portland, Me. 
Texas White Ribbon, Terrell, Tex. 
Union Workers, University PI., Neb. 
Vermont Home Guards, St. Johnsbury Center, 

Vt. 
Virginia Call, Winchester, Va. 
White Ribbon Banner, Scotland, Conn. 
White Ribbon, Bulletin, Fargo, N. D. 
White Ribbon Bulletin, Seattle, Wash. 
White Ribbon Ensign, Yolo, Cal. 
White Ribbon, Fairmont, W. Va. 
White Ribbon Herald, Baltimore, Md. 
White Ribbon Journal. Rapid City, S. D. 
White Ribbon Review, Portland. Ore. 
White Ribboner, Walla Walla, Wash. 
W. C. T. U. Bulletin, West Grove, Pa. 
W. C. T. U. Champion, Indianola, la. 
W. C. T. U. Messenger, Boulder, Colo. 
W. C. T. U. Tidings, Salisbury, N. C. 
W. C. T. U. Voice, Orr. Mont. 
Woman's Temperance Work, Oswego, N. Y. 



Temperance Tribune, Geneva, O. 

(Official organ Non-Partisan W. C. T. U.) 



Anti-Saloon League Papers (U. S.) 

American Issue, Chicago, 111. 
Alabama Citizen, Birmingham, Ala. 
Civic Sentinel, Richmond, Va. 
Citizen, Seattle, Wash. 
Connecticut Citizen, Rockville. Conn. 
Dial of Progress, Des Moines, la. 
Home and Fireside. Baltimore. Md. 
Indiana Issue, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Illinois Issue, Chicago, 111. 
Kansas Issue, Topeka, Kans. 
Keystone Citizen, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Kentucky Issue, Louisville, Ky. 
Lincoln Magazine. New York, ' N. Y. 
Michigan Issue, Detroit, Mich. 
Minnesota Issue. Minneapolis, Minn. 
Missouri Issue, St. Louis, Mo. 
New Hampshire Issue, Concord, N. H. 
Oklahoma Issue, Oklahoma City, Okla. 
Pacific Issue, Oakland. Cal. 
Protest, The. Washington, D. C. 
Rhode Island Issue, Providence. R. T. 
Rocky Mountain Issue, Denver, Col. 



Searchlight, The, Los Angeles, Cal. 

South Dakota A. S. Issue, Mitchell, S. D. 

Tennessee Anti-Saloon Journal, Nashville, Tenn. 

Vermont Issue, Burlington, Vt. 

West Virginia Citizen, Parkersburg, W. Va. 

Wisconsin Issue, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Friend, The, Honolulu, Hawaii Ter. 

Good Templar Papers (U. S.) 

Camp Cleghorn Assembly Herald, Waupaca, Wis. 
International Good Templar, Independence, Wis. 
Maine Temperance Record, Belfast, Me. 
Maryland Templar, Denton, Md. 
Michigan Good Templar News, Grand Rapids. 

Mich. 
Minnesota Good Templar, Minneapolis, Minn. 
New York Templar, Delhi, N. Y. 
The Rescue, San Francisco, Cal. 
Pacific Templar, Seattle, Wash. 
& 
Miscellaneous. 

The National Prohibitionist, Chicago, 111. 
(Weekly Organ National Prohibition Party.) 

The National Temperance Advocate, 3 E. 14th 
St., New York. (Monthly Organ of the 
National Temperance Society.) 

The Reformer, 206 Penn'a Av., Washington, 
D. C. (Monthly Organ of the International 
Reform Bureau.) 

The Temperance Cause, Boston. Mass. (Monthly 
Organ of Massachusetts Total Abstinence 
Society.) 

The Quarterly Journal of Inebriety, Boston, 
Mass. 

The Civic League Record, Waterville, Me. 
(Monthly Organ of Maine Civic League.) 

The Amethyst, Conestoga Building, Pittsburg, 
Pa. (Official Organ Presbyterian Temper- 
ance Committee.) 

Swedish Temperance Journal, Chicago, 111. 
& 
Some Foreign Temperance Papers. 

The Alliance News, Governor Chambers, 16 
Deansgate, Manchester, Eng. (Official Organ 
of the United Kingdom Alliance.) 

The Temperance Leader, 108 Hope street, 
Glasgow, Scotland. (Official Organ of the 
Scottish Temperance League.) 

Everybody's Monthlv, 20 Lombard St. Belfast. 
Ireland. (Official Organ of the Irish Tem- 
perance League.) 

Band of Hope Chronicle, 59-60 Old Bailey. 
London, E. C. (Official Organ of the Band 
of Hope Union of the United Kingdom.) 

The Good Templars Watchword, 168 Edmund 
St., Birmingham, England. (The Official 
Organ of the Grand Lodge of England.) 

The Good Templar, 4th St., Enoch Square. 
Glasgow, Scotland. (Official Organ of the 
Grand Lodge of Scotland.) 

The Irish Templar. City Chambers. Royal Ave.. 
Belfast, Ireland. (Official Organ of the 
Grand Lodge of Ireland.) 

Wings, 4 Ludgate Hill. London. E. C. (Official 
Organ of the Women's Total Abstinence- 
Union of England.) 

World's W. C. T. U. Bulletin. Ripley. Derby- 
shire, England. (Official Organ World's 
W. C. T. U.) 

The While Ribbon. 147 Victoria St.. West- 
minster. London. England. (Official Organ 
Of the England and Wales W. C. T. V.) 

The Scottish Women's Temperance Now-; 
(Official Organ of the Scotland W. C. T. U.) 



♦For up-to-date information every one should take one or more of above-named temperance 
periodicals. We shall be obliged if readers of this book will send to The International Reform 
Bureau, 206 Penn'a Ave., s. e., sample copies of any other reform periodicals, devoted in large 
part to temperance, that are entitled to go in this list. 



122 World Book of Temperance.- 

Some Foreign Temoerance PaDers Sons of Temperance Record, Aurora, Ontario. 

(Official Organ of the Ontario Sons of Tem- 



( Continued.) 



perance. ) 



The Burinah White Ribbon Life Line, Rangoon, Forward, Windsor, Nova Scotia. (Organ Nova 

Burmah. (Official Organ of the Burmah Scotia Sons of Temperance.) 

W. C. T. U.) The Canadian Royal Templar. Hamilton, On- 
The Swedish White Ribbon, Stockholm, Sweden. tario. (Official Organ of the Royal Templars 

(Official Organ of Sweden W. C. T. U.) of Canada.) 

The White Ribbon Outlook, 112 Queen St., The Scottish Reformer, 108 Douglas St., Glas- 

Brisham. Queensland, Australia. (Official gow Scotland. 

Organ of the Australia W. C. T. IT.) The Alliance Record. Swanson St., Melbourne, 
The New Zealand White Ribbon, Box 114, Christ- Australia. 

church, N. Z. (Official Organ of the New The Australian Temperance World, 275 Clarence 

Zealand, W. C. -T. U.) St., Sidney, Australia. 

The Pioneer, 52 Confederation Life Building, Light, 528 Kent St.. Sidney. Australia. 

Toronto, Canada. The Vangard, 100 Willis St., Wellington, New 
Canadian White Ribbon Tidings, 240 Dundas Zealand. 

St., London, Ont. (Official Organ Ontario Onward, 207-209 Deansgate, Manchester, Eng- 
. W. C. T. U. ) land. 

Canada s White Ribbon Bulletin, Montreal. Abkari. 36 Ivelev Road, Clapham, London, S. W. 

Quebec. (Official Organ Canada W. C. T. U.) The Union, Shanghai, Hong Kong, China. 



ALCOHOLISM AND PHYSICAL DEGENERACY. 

[The strongest sentences in French and British Municipal posters have 
been combined by the International Reform Bureau's Council for New South 
Wales, His Grace the Archbishop of Sydney, Chairman, in the poster below, 
which is recommended for adoption by mayors, city councils, boards of health, 
and boards of education in all lands.] 

From Proceedings French Supervising Council of Public Aid, 1902. 
Report by Prof. Debove, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. 

It is an error to say that alcohol is necessary to workmen who engage in 
fatiguing labor; that it gives heart to work, or that it repairs strength. The 
artificial excitation which it produces gives place very quickly to nervous 
depression and feebleness. 

The habit of_ drinking entails disaffection from the family, forgetfulness of 
all duties to society, distaste for work, misery, theft and crime. It leads at 
the least to the hospital, for alcohol engenders the most varied maladies : 
paralysis, lunacy, disease of the stomach and liver, dropsy. It is one of the 
most frequent causes of tuberculosis. Finally, it complicates and aggravates 
all acute maladies. Typhoid fever, pneumonia, erysipelas, which would be 
mild in the case of a sober man, quickly carry off the alcoholic drinker. The 
hygienic faults of parents fall upon their children. If the latter survive the 
first months they are threatened with idiocy or epilepsy, or, still worse, they 
are carried off a little later by tuberculosis, meningitis or phthisis. 

For the health of the individual, for the existence of the family, for the 
future of the nation, alcohol is one of the most terrible scourges. 

[The paragraphs above are from posters put up by French city govern- 
ments to check national decay that has led to deaths exceeding births. What 
follows is from British Parliamentary Report on Physical Deterioration, 
prompted by failure of a majority of candidates for enlistment _ in British 
Army to pass physical examinations. In consequence, British city govern- 
ments post these extracts as a warning, not only in Great Britain as a cure, 
but also in athletic Australia as a preventive. For one or other of these 
reasons, such a warning should be posted in every city and town of the world, 
and read in the schools.] 

Of 61,215 people, the average deaths per year by insurance tables will be 
1,000. Of 61,215 liquor sellers, the death average is 1,642. Of 61,215 Rechabii.es 
(abstainers), the death average is 560. 

Sir Frederick Treves, physician to King Edward, declares that alcohol is 
an insidious poison, and should be subject to the strict limitation as' opium, 
morphia or strychnine, and that its supposed stimulating effects are delusive. 

Respectfully submitted for consideration of citizens by Mayor. 



The above miniature poster has been printed on stout paper for bill boards in mammoth size, 
30 x 40 inches, and is sold at cost 10 cts. each, $1 for 15. postpaid. A large fund is needed to 
send free copies to all lands and for free circulation of letters of medical missionaries among one 
hundred millions of Chinamen who have been cut off from opium dens by recent anti-opium legis- 
lation in China and the Philippines and elsewhere; also for circulation of "Scientific Testimony 
on Beer," in all lands and languages. Send to International Reform Bureau, Washington, D. C. 



A Temperance Tour of the World* 



Great Britain. 




France, 

Pierre Loubet : "Every- 
body knows that France is 
the greatest wine growing 
country in the world. The 
wine makes our folks wish 
for stronger drink, such as 
absinthe, and our learned 
men think that is why our 
country is a dying na'tion, 
with more coffins than 
cradles. The city govern- 
ments are putting up post- 
ers, with our mottoes, 
'Liberty, Equality, Fratern- 
ity,' to warn the people 
against Alcoholism, the 
chronic poisoning that 
comes from daily tippling 
even when one never gets 
drunk." 




"Donald Campbell, is 
there any old Scotch 
whiskey in Scotland, now?" 

"Plenty, plenty, more 
than's good for them that 
drink it. We brownies 
never taste it. . But we go 
round as brownie poiice on 
the Sabbath day lookin' 
for the open bars, and we 
find them shut up tight. If 
any one is a traveler he 
can get a drink by ringing 
the bell of the barroom. 
But we have some good 
temperance hotels and 
there is no temperance 
society in the world that 
strikes the drink habit and 
the drink traffic harder than 
our Scottish Temperance 
Society, which is o' and o' 
for total abstinence and 

*A&cotch Brownie. 

It is passing strange that the race that 
has been foremost in giving the world 
religious and civil liberty, and in promoting 
missions and charities, has been the worst 
in the world in alcoholic enslavement of 
its own people. And no less strange is it 
that after a thousand years of vain effort 
by moderation and taxation to check this 
drink curse, which, as Parliament has 
recognized, is producing "national degener- 
acy," the same old restrictions that do not 
restrict are being repeated over and over 
again. 

The most hopeful signs in Britain are : 
that abstainers are increasing, and that 
a majority of the present Parliament has 
declared for local option, which, however, 
is likely to be handicapped not only by the 
provision of "compensation" for liquor 
dealers to the full value of their business 
when they are closed out, but also by the 
requirement of a three-fifths majority. The 
worst man or measure can be elected under 
the accepted doctrine of majority rule by 
one majority, but three-fifths of the total 
vote - on three or more propositions is re- 
quired, wherever local option is in force 
in the British Empire, to suppress^ the 
worst foe of the home, of honest business 
and of pure politics, toward which for 
these three reasons the attitude of govern- 
ment should be that of prohibition. 

*As a hint to those who may wish to make this "tour" more interesting to boys and girls 
we introduce several of many brownies from Mrs. Craft's "Brownies' Temperance Tour of the 
World," published by the National Temperance Society, 3 East 14th St.. New York City. U. S. A. 
Ten cents, postpaid. Brownies in the costume of each country should be drawn on great mauila 
sheets, or on the blackboard, one by one, or. if drawn in advance, uncovered, one by one. or may well 
be developed by costumes worn by real children, each of whom meets an international brownie. 
as he goes from booth to booth, in a circle on the stage, and replies in a little speech to hli 
two questions, "What Intoxicating drinks does your country use?" "What are good people doing 
to atop this?" Each brownie should keep In hiding till the International brownie gets to his booth. 



A French Brounie. 

_ Revenue statistics gathered from all 
civilized governments through British and 
American consuls in the twentieth century 
show that while France drinks more wine 
than any other country — and the purest 
wine, for they get it out of their own vine- 
yards, before the general adulteration, 
which has caused the recent riots of French 
wine growers — France also drinks more 
distilled liquors per capita than any other 
country, a, complete refutation of the 
theory that a free use of wine would crowd 
out whiskey. (Germany teaches the same 
lesson as to beer.) 

But France also has given the temper- 
ance forces of the world a banner for the 
vanguard, inscribed with "Alcoholism," 
rather than "Drunkenness," as the foe to 
be fought. In posters put up by city gov- 
ernments in France, which British cities 
have copied with improvements, France 
proclaims to the world that daily tippling 
which falls short of drunkenness produces 
the chronic alcoholic poisoning known to 
capable physicians as "alcoholism," which, 
though it may not be as dangerous as 
drunkenness to the drinkers' neighbors, is 
more likely to blight his own health and 
that of his children's children. 



124 



World Book of Temperance. 



Scandinavia, 

Amateurs in temperance work think of 
Scandinavia as the home of the "Gothen- 
burg System," which is supposed to have 
removed about all the evils of the liquor 
traffic, namely, those arising from pri- 
vate cupidity, inducing people to drink 
more and oftener than they would if left 
to act on their own impulses. It has been 
assumed that there would be no cupidity 
to promote drinking if the barkeepers were 
hired by the state or a company expecting 
only four per cent, dividend instead of an 
individual owner, and the profits were di- 
vided among taxpayers and philanthropic 
and religious institutions. But surely one 
must have very little knowledge of human 
nature who thinks it is "disinterested man- 
agement*' to substitute the widespread cu- 
pidity of bondholders and officeholders and 
taxpayers and philanthropists for the con- 
centrated cupidity of a few liquor dealers. 

The argument for the "Gothenburg 
System," because of a reduction in liquor 
consumption in Norway since this system 
was introduced, is a bad case of the logical 
fallacy "after, therefore because of" (post 
hoc, ergo propter hoc), as was proved at 
the anniversary of the stalwart Scottish 
Temperance Society in Glasgow, in 1906, by 
a member of Parliament, who showed that 
a reduction similar to that of Norway had 
occurred in the neighboring country of 
Denmark, which has no Gothenburg sys- 
tem. The decline in both was manifestly 
due in the main to causes working to like 
degree in both, namely, to the increase of 
total abstinence and local prohibition. In- 
deed, Gothenburg itself has given up the 
system there originated for local prohibi- 
tion, which is now the "Gothenburg Sys- 
tem." (Government ownership on the dis- 
pensary plan has also proved a failure, un- 
der trial in South Carolina, and "disinter- 
ested management" was also weighed and 
found wanting in a saloon in New York.) 

Central Europe. 

Although beer drinking shows little if 
any abatement in Central Europe, the 
medical professors there are leading the 
learned world in investigations of alcohol, 
and especially of beer, which they proclaim 
to be promotive of Brights' disease and 
other kidney troubles, of dropsy also, and 
rheumatism and tuberculosis. Professor 
Forel, after a tour of the United States, 
spoke of the "crass ignorance" he found 
among American college professors as to 
recent scientific investigations of alcohol. 

The committee on the alcoholic liquor 
traffic in the Russian Douma, which 



attracted attention by recommending local 
prohibition in that conservative country, 
made the startling recommendation in a 
report to the Douma, that a skull and 
^rossbones be substituted for the imperial 
eagle on the whiskey labels, with these 
words following: "Men! Although you 
have bought this liquor, yet know that you 
are drinking poison, which destroys you. 
Before it is too late, quit. Buy not another 
bottle."— Ministry of Finance. 



Hans Nagel : "Men, 
women and children drink 
beer and wine in Ger- 
many. Some people think 
beer keeps people from 
drinking whiskey, but Ger- 
mans are not prevented by 
drinking twice as much 
beer as Americans from 
drinking twice as muck 
whiskey also. The best 
thing about Germany is 
that the learned men are 
studying alcohol, and 
warning the people that 
it injures health, and 
that the 'beer pause' in 
factories is bad for Ger- 
man industry." 




A German Brownie. 



Africa* 

Three times the great nations of the 
world have held conferences in Brussels, 
in 1890, 1899 and 1906, to counteract the 
"moral and material injury wrought by 
the liquor traffic'' in Africa. In 1890 they 
established a prohibitory zone in the Congo 
country, forbidding all sales of distilled 
liquors in that zone, with most salutary re- 
sults, as is admitted even by those who 
have found most occasions to attack the 
management of that country. This plan of 
establishing a prohibitory zone, which the 
Americans have also followed in the Indian 
Territory, we believe is the right one for 
all countries where a majority of the in- 
habitants are of the child races. 

It is not enough to forbid the sales to 
natives, as is abundantly proved in Fiji 
to-day, where such a law is easily and fre- 
quently violated. Much less is it sufficient 
to raise the tax, which was the foolish and 
ineffective policy adopted for Africa by the 
Brussels Conference of 1899. This did not 
even check the rapid increase of liquor 
consumption and its consequences, and yet 
raising the tax again was all that was ac- 
complished in Brussels in 1906. To that 
conference of nations, however, President 
Roosevelt sent a proposal that may be 
adopted later when the tax failure has been 
sufficiently shown: that the eivilized na- 



. / Temperance Tour of the World. 



125 



tions shall unitedly forbid all sales of in- 
toxicants and opium to all uncivilized and 
newly civilized races. 

Western and Central Asia* 

Dr. Henry Jessup, the veteran mission- 
ary in Beirut, said to' a shipload of Ameri- 
can travelers : "I have been in Turkey 
nearly fifty years, and I never saw a drunk- 
en Turkish soldier; but within two hours 
of the time when an American or British 
ship has entered our harbor, the streets 
are filled with the wild uproar of drunken 
sailors." Mohammedanism is a total ab- 
stinence religion, as are Hinduism and 
Buddhism also. We believe Christianity is 
no less a total abstinence religion, for God 
has commanded us to "abstain from every 
form of evil." But we must admit that 
professing Christians, better in other re- 
spects than the devotees of any heathen 
faith, have been far more frequently guilty 
of buying and selling intoxicating beverages. 

A few Mohammedans and Hindus and 
Buddhists have been led to drink by the 
white man's example and influence, but 
in Turkey and Persia and other Moham- 
medan countries the masses are still ab- 
stainers, and in the world campaign 
against drink and opium that is develop- 
ing they will be valuable allies. In India, 
for example, there are hundreds of tem- 
perance societies, in which Hindus, Budd- 
hists, Mohammedans and Christians are 
unitedly fighting the licensed drink shops 
by which the government most unwisely is 
allowing the one supreme virtue of the na- 
tive faiths to be trampled on, to the 
grievous offense of the best native citizens, 
and that, too, at a time when occasions for 
criticism of the government and incentives 
to social unrest should be most carefully 
avoided. 

China 

ranks first in the world in prohibition of 
the sale and use of intoxicants, which Mr. 
Wu Ting fang, in his first term as Chinese 
Minister to the United States, told me had 
been the general policy of China since the 
fourth century. In some reigns the use of 
the simple native wines was allowed at 
festivals, when they were taken more as a 
confection than as an intoxicant. Indeed, 
drunkenness among the Chinese is so in- 
frequent that President James B. Angell, 
after serving as American Minister in 
China, said he "did not sec three drunken 
Chinamen in a year." We found but two 
temperance societies in China, one for Brit- 
ish soldiers, the other for children in an 
American mission. But beer, largely of 
American introduction, is coming in" just 
as opium is being suppressed in all East- 



ern Asia by a joint commission. The 

supreme peril of China's future, next to 
political corruption, is beer, against which 
China should be warned by distribution 
of literature. 



Liang Chung : "A 
drunkard is hardly ever 
.seen in China. In the 
fourth century our Em- 
peror made a prohibition 
law. Other Emperors 
continued the prohibition 
and also prohibited opium. 
But Great Britain forced 
opium into our country 
by three wars. Now that 
nation and others are 
helping us to drive it out, 
and we want help also to 
keep out the beer and 
cigarettes that Germans 
and Americans are trying 
to put in place of the 
banished opium." 




A Chinese Brownie. 



Japan 

has given the world the most perfect sam- 
ple of legal prohibition m its anti-opium 
law. When the Philippine Opium Com- 
mittee studied the Asiatic laws on opium 
and their results, they reported that rev- 
enue killed restriction wherever the two 
objects were combined in one measure, and 
that Japan alone was successful in anti- 
opium legislation, which was attributed to 
the fact that in Japan proper the sale and 
use of opium has long been prohibited, ex- 
cept under carefully guarded medical pre- 
scription, with no attempt to get any rev- 
enue whatever. 

Although Japan has a long coast, and 
a large value of this drug can be concealed 
in a very small space — for example, in the 
hollow of a bamboo cane or fish-pole — such 
smuggling, which often occurs in Austral- 
ia, is almost unheard of in Japan, and the 
severest critics of Japan in her ports ad- 
mit that the enforcement of the law is al- 
most perfect. It shows what can be done 
by a vigorous government when revenue is 
not involved. 

Prisoners stop their opium at once, and 
both the tapering and the revenue fallacies 
should be turned down hard. Japan's 
greatest peril, like China's, is from the 
introduction of the Amercan beer saloon. 

Australia. 

Australia's agreeable climate, which es 

capes the extremes of heat and cold, and 

its atmosphere, which is like champagne 



126 



World Book of Temperance. 



"extra dry/' and affords all the stimulant 
any one needs, and invites to outdoor life 
all the year, removes all excuse for drink- 
ing any form of so-called stimulants there, 
but there are few countries where men take 
a "nip"' of whiskey more frequently. New 
Zealand, foremost of all lands in labor re- 
forms, bids fair to be one of the foremost 
in the local prohibition movement, in spite 
of the handicap of a three-fifths majority 
requirement. It is putting new areas every 
year under "no license." The great con- 
tinent of Australia is all alive with temper- 
ance effort. The W. C. T. U. is a leading 
and noble factor in every step. Every 
state has its Good Templar Grand Lodge, 
and every form of temperance organiza- 
tion. Queensland has long had an act giv- 
, ing voters the power to prevent the in- 
crease, to cause a reduction, or to prohibit 
all licenses. New South Wales has lately 
enacted a local veto law to become opera- 
tive three years later. Victoria has long 
had local option legislation — but cumbered 
by compensation provisions which have im- 
peded its success. South Australia in 1890 
enacted a local veto power to become opera- 
tive fifteen years later, and on this time 
being reduced, six districts carried veto, 
but owing to a technical flaw it was dis- 
allowed in five. West Australia, which has 
an area of over a million square miles, 
gives a popular veto over new licenses, but 
has not yet given power to suppress exist- 
ing houses. The Island of Tasmania has 
not yet passed its local veto bill, but New 
Zealand did this many years ago, and en- 
abled the electors to prevent, reduce, or pro- 
hibit drink-shops, and in a number of dis- 
tricts they have closed them altogether — al- 
though a three-fifths vote is required to 
effect that. In Australasia four Good Tem- 
plars have become prime ministers ; and the 
temperance cause ranks high in adminis- 
trative circles. It is also encouraging that 
the importation of opium has recently been 
prohibited, at considerable sacrifice of rev- 
enue, and that some anti-gambling laws, en- 
couraging though inadequate, have been 
passed. 

Canada. 

Of all the large geographical divisions 
of the world, Canada has not only the best 
Sabbath observance, but also the smallest 
per capita consumption of liquors — about 
four gallons a year — less than one-fourth 
the figure for the United States, whose per 
capita consumption of both the milder and 
stronger intoxicants is only half that of 
Britain and Germany. In plebiscites to test 
public sentiment, nearly all the provinces 
of Canada have declared in favor of com- 



plete prohibition, but have been cheated out 
of it by political leaders, and are now 
seeking to make the best of imperfect forms 
of local option, meantime pressing vigor- 
ously efforts to win individuals to total ab- 
stinence. 




A Canadian Brownie. 

Andrew McLean : "It is not respectable to 
drink in Canada, and so there is less liquor 
sold here than in any other land, only one- 
fourth as much as in the United States in 
proportion to the population, only one-third as 
much as in Great Britain. But there are many 
even in Canada who are ruining health and 
home by drink, and the politicians are not 
willing to do all they should to drive out of 
our towns those whose business is to induce 
others to drink." 



United States. 

The United States has been the leader of 
the movements for total abstinence and 
prohibition. One sign of promise is the 
decisions of Indiana courts that a saloon, 
because it is a cause of disorder, poverty and 
crime, is a "nuisance" that can be abated 
as such under common law, and which, as 
such, has no right to a license, under the 
principle announced by the United States 
Supreme Court in the Louisiana Lottery 
case, that "the Legislature cannot bargain 
away the public health or the public mor- 
als." The people themselves cannot do it, 
much less their rulers." The other sign 
of promise is the growth of "No license" 
and prohibition which was in force in 1908 
in States and towns, including forty of the 
total ninety millions of the population. 
(See pp. 57, 59-) 



MISCELLANEOUS TOPICAL INDEX. 

(For Biblical, Biographical and Scientific Indexes see p. (>.) 



Absinthe in France and Switzerland, 89, 
Abstinence commanded, 105 ; reasons for, 

106, 114. 
Abstainers, of Bible times, 34 ; rare till 10th 

century. 62 63, 68. 
Accidents due fto drink, 72. 
Adulterations, 31, 72. 

Alcohol, nature of, 60 ; the real" evil in bar- 
rooms, 51 ; in pies, 109. 
Ale, not known to ancient Jews, 31. 
American Anti-Saloon League, 44, 100, 102. 
Animals, water drinkers, 19 ; intoxicated, 89. 
Arctic exploration, alcohol avoided in, 73, 115. 
Arrests. See Crimes. 
Athletes, avoidance of alcohol by, 19, 36, 45, 

49, 70, 80, 106. 
Banquets, drinking at, 28, 48, 116. 
Bars, 81. See Saloons. 

Battle, as illustration of reform effort, 52, 53. 
Beasts, fitting symbols of drink 'traffic and 

drinking societies, 45, 56-9, 89. 
Beer, not known to ancient Jews, 31 ; how 
made, 37 ; not a displacer of distilled liquors, 
51, 63, 89 ; miscalled "the poor man's bread," 
70 ; not less harmful than distilled liquors, 
89, 103. 
Bible, a reform weapon, 15, 52 ; teachings of as 

to wine, 31, 67. See Biblical Index. 
Bowling alleys as saloon substitutes, 44. 
Boys and girls to be safeguarded against liquor 
■traffic, 29, 41, 42, 57, 58, 82, 85, 89, 91, 
115, 116. 
Brewers' wealth to be despised, 56. 
Buddhism, a total abstinence religion, 65, 91. 
Business value of prohibition, 49, 99. 
"Canteens" (official bar-rooms for American 

soldiers), abolished by Congress, 51. 
Captivity due to drink, of ancient Jews, 39, 87, 

94 ; of modern drinkers, 60, 80, 90. 
Catholic Benevolent Legion, 38. 
Charity as related to drink, 46. See Poverty, 

Labor. 
Christ. See Biblical Index. 

Church, : opposed by saloons, 57, 58, 92; should 
promote temperance work, 2, 5, 24, 25, 46, 
97, 106 ; temperance declarations of. 28. 
Cider, 36. 
Cigarettes, 93. 
Cities, moral perils of. 40. 
Climate as related to drink, 31, 32, 73. 115. 
College drinking, 45 ; faculties should study 

alcohol, 45. 
Constitution, U. S., 54, 95. 
Consumption of liquors, 63, 94. 
Conversion as temperance weapon, 29, 43, 52, 

81, 101. 
Cost of intemperance, 45, 49. 
Courts, decisions of, against liquor sellers. 95 ; 

-should not be used to license saloons, 54. 
Crime increased by alcohol, 30, 37. 49, 59, 60, 
70, 95, 96, 99, 102. 103, 104, 110; decreased 
by "no license," 30. 
Deaths due to drink. 100. 
Debt and drink, 51, 99, 115. 
Decalogue broken through drink. 8, 101. 
Distillation not known before the 7th cen- 
tury, 31. 
Drunkards, how saved. 43, 81. 
Drunkards, how saved, 59 ; decreased by "no 

license," 30 ; increased bv license, 100. 
Employment jeopardized by drink, 14, 30, 42, 

45, 46, 49, 93, 115. 
Example, power of. 42, 52. 
Experiments as to effeets^of alcohol, 76-8. See 

Scientific Index. 
Folly of drinking, 63-66. 71. 
Fraternilies, closed to liquor dealers, 38 45; 
devoted io temperance, 39, 41 ; that allow 
drinking. 45. 
Fruits, use and abuse of, 37. 



Gambling, 56, 95, 96, 102, 105. 
Generals, intoxicated, 48, 51. See Soldiers. 
Gideons, fraternity of, 48. 
Good Templars, 43, 46. 
Gospel temperance, 15, 43. 
Government, purpose of, 55, 88, 95. 
Government ownership of liquor business, 51, o'.'>. 
Great men ruined by drink, 83, 88. 
Grain, use and abuse of, 37. 
Habit ("it has you"), 53, 80, 93, 118. 
Hinduism, a total abstinence religion, 65, 91. 
History of temperance movements: (1) in Bible 
times — see lessons; between 1st and 19th 
centuries, 62, 68, 73, 115 ; in 20th century, 
91; in 1907, 94; in 1908, 94. 
Home, corrupted and saddened by drink, 13, 28, 
54, 57, 58, 61, 72, 89, 101, 122; a force for 
temperance, 41. 
Impurity, promoted by drink. 13, 58, 89, 116. 
Insanity, 104. 

Insurance, life ; showing value of abstinence, 14. 
21, 45, 107, 122 ; as feature of temperance 
fraternities, 39. 
International Reforms, 24, 86, 95. 
Judgment for nations, 8. 

Labor Unions that require abstinence, 39, 45, 46. 
Law, purpose of, 93, 99. 
"Liberty, Personal," 1, 117. 
License, wrong and effective, 52, 54, 63, 83, 91, 

105, 117. 
Liquor traffic to be despised and suppressed. 

56, 60. 
Liquor dealers, opposition to prohibition proves 
its effectiveness, 75 ; not all past redemption, 
85. 
Literature, temperance, 96, 129. 
"Local Option," growth of in U. S., 30, 44, 102. 

See No License. 
"Local Veto." See Local Option. 
Lodges, value of, as social centres, 43, 44. 
Losses from drink, 49. See Cost. 
Lotteries, 95. 
Lynchings, 58. 
Malt liquors. See Beer. 
Marriage marred by drink, 91. See Home. 
Medicines, alcoholic. See Scientific Index. 
Methodists, resolutions of, 28. 
Milk, a food and true stimulant, 17. 35, 36. 
Ministers, drinking habits of some. 26. 28. S7, 
93 ; abstinence required of, 26 ; as reform 
leaders, 24. 
Missions as related to temperance, 24. 95. 
"Moderation," 63, 92, 105, 115. 
Mohammedanism, a total abstinence religion, 20. 

65, 91. 
Murders through drink. 64. SS. See Crime. 
Nations imperilled by drink, 30. 42. 
Negroes brutalized by drink, 58. 
"No license" towns. '30, 44, S4. 
Odd Fellows, 38, 45. 
Opium. 86, 95. 122. 
Parties, political. 53. 54, 56, 86. 
Pledges. 33, 41, 52, 53, 75. S3, 115. 128. 
Prevention, 43, 51. 99. 
Priests. 26, 34. See Ministers. 
Population, of U. S. under prohibition, I I. 
Poverty promoted by drink. 30, 45. 59, 61, 84. 
Posters. Municipal. 45, 02. 122. 
Prohibition, generally, approved church bodies. 
63; based on justice, 32; aims at prevention, 
43, 60. 120 : by act of Congress for govern 
ment buildings. 51 ; progressing, 4:>. 41. See 
Local Option. 
Prayer as a power for temperance, 43. 53. 75. 
Pugilists, trained on water. 10. 40. 
Railroads, requiring abstinence, 30. 
Rechabltes, ancient ami modern, 39, 46 122. 
Religions, (oiai abstinence. 65, 91, 97. 
Revivals, civic. •">. 



128 



World Book of Temperance. 



Right as foundation of civic action, 54, 95. 
Saloons, evils of. 44, 45. 59, 71, 90. 
Schools, public 2, 4, 6. 43, 96-8. 
Science condemning alcohol. See Scientific 

Index. 
"Soft drinks," 18, 35, 3G, 37. 
Soldiers, 49. 
Sons of Temperance. 
Statistics showing value of prohibition, 30, 

57, 93, 99, 100. 
Substitutes for bar-rooms, 44. 
Sunday opening of bar-rooms, 42. 
Sunday-schools, relation of, to intemperance, 

2, 4, 5, 43, 70, 75, 89, 97, 112, 128. 



Temptations, 73, 83, 89, 99, 102. 

Tobacco, 108. 109. See Cigarettes. 

Total abstinence, 16. 32, 41, 52, 128. 

Treaty. 27, 72. . 

Votes for prohibition, 12, 111; for license, 54, 
101, 105. 

Wastes of drink. 72. 

Water. See Hygienic Index. 

Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 4, 5, 35, 
37, 41, 52, 102. 

Workingmen injured by drink, helped by abstin- 
ence, 14, 45, 71, 101, 122. 

Young Men's Christian Association, 44, 119. 



International Sunday School Association 

temperance plefcge 

That I may give my best service to God and to my Fellowmen 

1F promise <3o& anfc HMe&Ge /Itself 

never to use Intoxicating Liquors as a drink and to do all 
I can to end the Drink Habit and the Liquor Traffic. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

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